Interpret the numbers: Putting e-book usage statistics in context
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E-books have been an integral part of library collections for a long time now, but they are still surrounded by controversy. How much our patrons really use them? That seemingly simple question has a very complicated answer that could depend on a number of factors. The e-books’ usage reports mean very little on their own and leave many unanswered questions. In order to contextualize the usage statistics, the Claremont Colleges Library conducted an analysis of enhanced usage reports in comparison with the total offerings of e-book content available to our users from all major providers, and through all access models. The study aimed to measure turnover rates and shed light on what is not being used, gauge usage (and non-usage) patterns by subject area and publication year, as well as determine the impact, if any, of the different access models. In addition, we compared the subject composition and the age of the e-book collection to the print book collection, and analyzed the usage patterns in the two formats within calendar 2014. This presentation will highlight the most important findings of the study and discuss their implications for future collection management.
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Interpret the numbers: Putting e-book usage statistics in context
- 1. Interpret the numbers: Putting e-book usage statistics in context Maria Savova – Director of Information Resources and Systems Madelynn Dickerson – Information Resources Coordinator
- 3. Goal of the study To understand our e-book usage data by providing meaningful context to the statistics we collect
- 4. Our data viewed through the prism of: • Access type – owned vs. subscribed vs. DDA • Simultaneous user access • Rights restrictions - DRM or not • Publication year • Subject/discipline: o Breadth vs. intensity o In comparison with print o In correlation with user discipline distribution
- 5. Data scope: E-books • E-book holdings as of Jan 2015 (363,691 titles) • E-book usage data for Jan-Dec 2014 www.fernandobiz.com
- 6. Data scope: Print • Print holdings as of Jan 2015 (793,556 titles) • Print circulation statistics Jan – Dec 2014 • Resource sharing statistics for print books borrowed by CCL patrons Jan – Dec 2014
- 7. Excluded from the study o All print and e-books with unknown classification/publication year (~18,000 print books and ~130,000 e-books) o Any e-book collection without available title-by- title usage (~66,000 titles) o All theses/dissertations in both formats o All government documents (~98,000 e-titles and ~114,000 print titles)
- 8. Our data • E-books: o Detailed holdings and usage data kindly provided by our vendors o Title lists from WMS knowledge base, as well as aggregators and publisher websites o COUNTER BR2: Section requests (in the vast majority of cases) o COUNTER BR1: Title requests (when section request data were not available) • Print books: o OCLC Analytics holdings data o Local circulation statistics – checkouts + renewals o Titles borrowed via Resource Sharing – aggregated Link+ and ILL data www.highradius.com
- 9. 72% 75% 14% 24% 14% 1% 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 450000 500000 Total holdings All usage E-book holdings vs. e-book usage per access type Subscription Owned DDA Owned titles turnover – 2.3 Subscription titles turnover – 1.3
- 10. 93% 72% 55% 36% 91% 88% 44% 23% 3% 6% 29% 53% 9% 10% 55% 77% 4% 22% 16% 11% 0.6% 2% 0.7% 0.4% 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 180000 AH holdings SS holdings STEM holdings MD holdings AH usage SS usage STEM usage MD usage E-book holdings vs. e-book usage per access type by discipline Subscription Owned DDA
- 11. 6% 15% 6% 7% 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 DDA owned subscription Overall Proportion of used e-book titles by access type Titles without usage Titles with usage
- 12. 1.4 15 22 18 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 DDA owned subscription Overall Average number of uses per used title by access type
- 13. Limited (1-3 users) 1.3% Unlimited 98.7% E-book holdings by simultaneous access model
- 14. 98.65% 98.24% 98.68% 98.00% 98.10% 98.20% 98.30% 98.40% 98.50% 98.60% 98.70% 98.80% Total holdings Used titles Not used titles Proportion of unlimited access holdings vs. unlimited access used titles
- 15. 19.2 17.5 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0 19.5 Limited simultaneous access Unlimited simultaneous access Average number of uses per used title
- 16. non-DRM 15% DRM 85% E-book holdings by access rights
- 17. 0.2% 4% 1.4% 9% 11% 45% 60% 0.1% 22% 16% 13% 0.9% 0.1% 54% 44% 20% 3% 5% 0.1% 13% 0.4% 42% 5% 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 Proportion of DRM vs. non-DRM e-books holdings per subject DRM Non-DRM
- 18. 85% 72% 15% 28% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% Total holdings Used Proportion of usedDRM vs. non- DRM e-book titles DRM Non-DRM
- 19. 5% 6% 2% 42% 15% 76% 90% 0.1% 68% 35% 11% 2% 1% 74% 71% 41% 5% 6% 26% 1% 46% 9% 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Proportion of used DRM vs. non-DRM e-book titles per subject DRM used Non-DRM used
- 20. What does this result mean? • Non-DRM e-books represent bigger proportion of used titles that than they do of all titles, except in history (non-DRM history e-books are 13% of all holdings, and only 11% of all used titles) • Non-DRM books are more desirable? • Non-DRM books are easier to access? • Non-DRM books are more easily discoverable? http://office.microsoft.com/en-ca/images|
- 21. 38 1,171 274 365 322 338 329 669 1,286 1,997 7,492 40,528 158,123 21,850 28,869 28,556 34,853 23,992 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 180000 E-book holdings by publication year E-books 100 years 10 years 1 year
- 22. 38 1,171 274 365 322 338 329 669 1,286 1,997 7,492 40,528 158,123 21,850 28,869 28,556 34,853 23,992 189 823 4,524 6,795 33,257 14,029 16,165 26,426 30,761 29,923 43,031 75,124 97,038 108,212 137,199 129,046 8,232 8,296 9,193 9,825 5,468 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 180000 E-book holdings by publication year in context E-books Print books 100 years 10 years 1 year
- 23. 0 77 21 37 20 44 43 224 1,073 1,247 5,574 30,172 211,264 41,348 51,109 55,080 37,875 18,205 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 2014 e-book usage stats by publication year Total usage
- 24. 0 77 21 37 20 44 43 224 1,073 1,247 5,574 30,172 211,264 41,348 51,109 55,080 37,875 18,205 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 2014 e-book usage stats by publication year in context Total usage Total holdings
- 25. 0.00 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.06 0.13 0.13 0.33 0.83 0.62 0.74 0.74 1.34 1.30 1.77 1.93 1.09 0.76 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 Average number of uses per available title
- 26. 3% 5% 5% 3% 5% 6% 6% 6% 6% 5% 6% 7% 7% 9% 10% 9% 6% 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 180000 Percentage of available titles with usage in 2014 Titles not used Titles used
- 27. 2.57 1.50 2.06 1.82 2.59 2.05 5.60 14.12 11.13 13.56 13.43 20.07 17.34 20.48 20.24 12.69 12.38 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 Average number of uses per used title
- 28. Takeaways from publication year analysis • It is essential to correlate titles lists to usage reports – to highlight the titles with zero usage • E-book holdings are quite low through the end of 20th century publication year • E-book publishing picks up in the 1990s and as of the early 2000s it surpasses print holdings • The highest usage per title is observed in e-books published within the last 5-10 years • E-books published between the 1960s and the 1990s however show significant usage as well
- 29. 3,004 2,530 4,941 9,501 47,206 5,159 19,534 14,211 28,255 5,694 34,691 37,337 8,462 8,012 10,298 26,106 8,063 25,742 1,373 10,064 14,295 11,326 27,888 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 E-book holdings by subject E-books
- 30. 5,159 19,534 28,255 26,106 11,326 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 180000 200000 E-book holdings by subject in context E-books Print books
- 31. 3,117 4,960 6,612 5,334 38,504 1,172 37,650 12,091 32,077 6,415 59,262 45,308 10,710 16,356 14,182 22,080 19,199 39,275 2,095 4,806 19,082 10,752 44,700 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 Total e-book uses per subject Uses
- 32. 3,117 4,960 6,612 5,334 38,504 1,172 37,650 12,091 32,077 6,415 59,262 45,308 10,710 16,356 14,182 22,080 19,199 39,275 2,095 4,806 19,082 10,752 44,700 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 Total e-book uses per subject Uses
- 33. 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 Total e-book uses per subject in context Total holdings Uses
- 34. 1.04 1.96 1.34 0.56 0.82 0.23 1.93 0.85 1.14 1.13 1.71 1.21 1.27 2.04 1.38 0.85 2.38 1.53 1.53 0.48 1.33 0.95 1.60 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 Average number of uses per available e-title per subject
- 35. 4% 8% 8% 5% 5% 4% 13% 5% 6% 5% 2% 6% 4% 8% 10% 5% 9% 13% 9% 3% 8% 9% 8% 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 Percentage of available e-book titles with usage in 2014 Titles not used Titles used
- 36. Broad usage vs. intensity • The overall turnover of e-book titles is 1.25 – i.e. per average every available title has been used 1.25 times during 2014 • All of e-book usage in 2014 comes from only 7% of all available titles – per subject that number varies between 4% (agriculture, chemistry, and law) and 13% (philosophy & religion)
- 37. 28.60 24.82 16.41 11.28 17.56 5.30 15.05 16.37 19.84 21.75 24.94 19.55 31.69 24.88 13.82 15.50 25.30 11.71 17.31 18.12 17.24 10.32 18.77 17.57 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 Average number of uses per used e-book title per subject
- 38. Most and least used titles • Reference (dictionary) - 9,428 uses • Language, linguistics, & literature book – 3,899 uses • Education book – 2,652 uses • Sociology title – 2,506 uses • History title – 2,359 uses • Geography & earth sciences – 632 uses • Physical sciences – 466 uses • Physical education & recreation – 377 uses • Mathematics & statistics – 308 uses • Chemistry - 57 uses
- 39. 5,159 19,534 28,255 26,106 11,326 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 180000 200000 E-book vs. print books holdings by subject E-books Print books
- 40. 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Print books circulation during 2014, including borrowed via resource sharing Local checkouts Resource sharing requests
- 42. 4 16 13 3 8 5 4 9 6 4 10 11 22 2 9 10 17 15 31 8 12 22 19 104 196 134 56 82 23 193 85 114 113 171 121 127 204 138 85 238 153 153 48 133 95 160 0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 Average number of uses per 100 available titles Turnover rate of print books Turnover rate of e-books
- 43. 21% 35% 30% 37% 36% 56% 61% 41% 35% 35% 31% 31% 24% 28% 37% 29% 32% 28% 31% 17% 11% 2% 4% 2% 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Students Faculty E-book holdings E-book usage E-book used titles Print book holdings Print book checkouts Book holdings and usage statistics vs. user distribution per discipline AH SS STEM MD