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THE MOMENTOUS JOURNEYS OF
CHRISTOFORO COLOMBO
What was his name?
 Cristoforo Colombo – Italian
 Cristòfor Colom – Catalan
 Cristóbal Colón – Spanish
 Cristóvão Colombo – Portuguese
 Christohorus Columbus - Latin
 Christoffa Corombo – Genoese
 Cristopher Columbus - English
When was he born?
 Between August 22 and October 31, 1451
 Holy Week and Passover at the same time
Where was he born?
 Genoa
 Catalonia?
 Portugal?
 Spain?
 On the high seas?
Italy
What do we know?
 Father: Domenico Colombo – wool weaver and
merchant
 Mother: Susanna Fontanarossa
 Brothers: Bartolomeo, cartographer; Giovanni
Pellegrino and Giacomo
 Wife: Filipa Moniz Perestrelo
 Son: Diego
 Mistress: Beatriz Enriquez de Arana
 Son: Fernando
The ‘Old World’
The Times
 Educated knowledge: Earth is a sphere: Aristotle (984-
322 BC)/Ptolemy (85-165 AD)/Saint Bede (673-735 AD)
 Size of Earth correctly estimated: Erosthenes (c 276-195
BC) and Alfraganus (9th C)
 Vikings, like Leif Ericson had explored these lands (c
1000)
 Marco Polo’s accounts (1298)
 Motivation to reach China (Cathay), India and Japan
(Cipangu)
 Portugal (Bartolomeu Dias) push to South of Africa
 Spain: End of the Reconquista: Jan 2, 1492
Background
 Early sea travels
 Self-educated
 Interested in biblical texts
 Learned Latin, Portuguese and Castilian
 Read works about astronomy, geography, and
history
 Was mistaken about the size of the Earth, the size of
Eurasia, and the distance between Japan and China.
Quest for Support
 1485 – John II, King of Portugal
 1486 – Isabella, Queen of Castile
 1488 – John II, King of Portugal
 Genoa
 Venice
 Bartholomew to Henry VII, King of England
 1492 – Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of
Castile
The Explorer
 The Admiral of the Ocean Sea
 Viceroy and Governor of the Indies
 10% of all acquired treasures
Iberia
The Admiral and his fleet
 Portrait  La Pinta, La Niña y La
Santa Maria
Canary Islands
Momentous First Voyage
 Aug 3, 1492 – Port of Palos, Spain to Canary Islands
 Sept 6 – San Sebastian de la Gomera
 5 weeks across the ocean
 Oct 12, 1492 – San Salvador (Guanahani), The
Bahamas
 Oct 28 – Northeast Cuba
 Dec 5 – Hispaniola (Haiti)
 Jan 13, 1493 – Samana Peninsula (Dominican Rep)
 March 4 – Lisbon, Portugal
 March 15 – Palos, Spain
First Voyage (Aug 3, 1492-
March 15, 1493)
Exploration and Conflict:
Second Voyage
 Sept 24, 1493 - Cadiz
 Oct 13 – Canary Islands
 Lesser Antilles, including Virgin Islands
 Greater Antilles: Puerto Rico (San Juan
Bautista), Hispaniola, Southeast Cuba, and
Jamaica
 August 20, 1494 – Hispaniola and Spain
Second Voyage (Sept 24, 1493
– Aug 20, 1994)
Exploration and Exploitation:
Fall from Grace – Third Voyage
 May 30, 1498 – Sanlúcar, Spain to Portugal (Porto
Santo and Madeira) to Canary Islands and Cape
Verde
 July 31 – Trinidad
 Aug 4 to 12 – Gulf of aria, mainland of South
America including Venezuela, the Orinoco
River, Margarita Island, Tobago and Granada
 Aug 19, 1500 – Hispaniola
 Oct 1, 1500 – Columbus and brothers sent to Spain
in chains
Third Voyage (May 30, 1498 –
Oct 1500)
Fourth and Last Voyage:
Disaster
 May 11, 1502 – Cadiz to Moroccan coast
 Martinique island, Santo Domingo, Bay
Islands, Honduras, Puerto Castilla, Honduras
mainland
 Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
 April 16 left for Hispaniola
 May 10 – Cayman islands (Las Tortugas) and
Jamaica
 February 29, 1504 – Lunar Eclipse
 Nov 7 – Sanlúcar, Spain
Fourth Voyage (May 11, 1502 –
Nov 7, 1504)
Forgotten
 Returns to Spain in disgrace
 Fights the courts for reinstatement of his rights
‘Pleitos Colonbinos) – continued by his heirs
 Writes two books: Book of Privileges (1502) and
Book of Prophecies (1506)
 Dies in Valladolid, May 20, 1506 (age 54) a broken
man
New World
Expansion: Why America?
 Amerigo Vespucci, Americo Vespucio, Americus
Vespucius
 Born in Florence, Italy – March 9, 1954 to February
22, 1512
 Merchant, Explorer, Cartographer
 Demonstrated that the New World was not Asia, but a
previously unknown continent
 Two letters (Mundus Novus and Lettera) demonstrate
that these lands were not Asia but a fourth previously
unknown continent
 Martin Waldseemüller translated to Latin, and named the
continent ‘America’ in 1507 on his world map.
Myths and Ironies
 Popular belief about the earth’ shape and size
 Queen Isabel selling her jewels
 CC: first explorer to reach Americas
 CC calling the inhabitants ‘Indios’
 ‘Discovery’
 ‘New’ world’
 Perception of the term ‘America’
 Naming of the continent
Impact
 What DID he DO?
 Was he a visionary hero or a despicable villain?
RECOMMENDED READING
 The Memoirs of Christopher Columbus with Stephen
Marlowe, 1987
Contact us:
 Dr. Maria H. Koonce and William J. Koonce
 billmar@cfl.rr.com

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EXPLORATION, EXPLOITATION, EXPANSION, The Momentous Journeys of Cristoforo Colombo

  • 1. THE MOMENTOUS JOURNEYS OF CHRISTOFORO COLOMBO
  • 2. What was his name?  Cristoforo Colombo – Italian  Cristòfor Colom – Catalan  Cristóbal Colón – Spanish  Cristóvão Colombo – Portuguese  Christohorus Columbus - Latin  Christoffa Corombo – Genoese  Cristopher Columbus - English
  • 3. When was he born?  Between August 22 and October 31, 1451  Holy Week and Passover at the same time
  • 4. Where was he born?  Genoa  Catalonia?  Portugal?  Spain?  On the high seas?
  • 6. What do we know?  Father: Domenico Colombo – wool weaver and merchant  Mother: Susanna Fontanarossa  Brothers: Bartolomeo, cartographer; Giovanni Pellegrino and Giacomo  Wife: Filipa Moniz Perestrelo  Son: Diego  Mistress: Beatriz Enriquez de Arana  Son: Fernando
  • 8. The Times  Educated knowledge: Earth is a sphere: Aristotle (984- 322 BC)/Ptolemy (85-165 AD)/Saint Bede (673-735 AD)  Size of Earth correctly estimated: Erosthenes (c 276-195 BC) and Alfraganus (9th C)  Vikings, like Leif Ericson had explored these lands (c 1000)  Marco Polo’s accounts (1298)  Motivation to reach China (Cathay), India and Japan (Cipangu)  Portugal (Bartolomeu Dias) push to South of Africa  Spain: End of the Reconquista: Jan 2, 1492
  • 9. Background  Early sea travels  Self-educated  Interested in biblical texts  Learned Latin, Portuguese and Castilian  Read works about astronomy, geography, and history  Was mistaken about the size of the Earth, the size of Eurasia, and the distance between Japan and China.
  • 10. Quest for Support  1485 – John II, King of Portugal  1486 – Isabella, Queen of Castile  1488 – John II, King of Portugal  Genoa  Venice  Bartholomew to Henry VII, King of England  1492 – Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile
  • 11. The Explorer  The Admiral of the Ocean Sea  Viceroy and Governor of the Indies  10% of all acquired treasures
  • 13. The Admiral and his fleet  Portrait  La Pinta, La Niña y La Santa Maria
  • 15. Momentous First Voyage  Aug 3, 1492 – Port of Palos, Spain to Canary Islands  Sept 6 – San Sebastian de la Gomera  5 weeks across the ocean  Oct 12, 1492 – San Salvador (Guanahani), The Bahamas  Oct 28 – Northeast Cuba  Dec 5 – Hispaniola (Haiti)  Jan 13, 1493 – Samana Peninsula (Dominican Rep)  March 4 – Lisbon, Portugal  March 15 – Palos, Spain
  • 16. First Voyage (Aug 3, 1492- March 15, 1493)
  • 17. Exploration and Conflict: Second Voyage  Sept 24, 1493 - Cadiz  Oct 13 – Canary Islands  Lesser Antilles, including Virgin Islands  Greater Antilles: Puerto Rico (San Juan Bautista), Hispaniola, Southeast Cuba, and Jamaica  August 20, 1494 – Hispaniola and Spain
  • 18. Second Voyage (Sept 24, 1493 – Aug 20, 1994)
  • 19. Exploration and Exploitation: Fall from Grace – Third Voyage  May 30, 1498 – Sanlúcar, Spain to Portugal (Porto Santo and Madeira) to Canary Islands and Cape Verde  July 31 – Trinidad  Aug 4 to 12 – Gulf of aria, mainland of South America including Venezuela, the Orinoco River, Margarita Island, Tobago and Granada  Aug 19, 1500 – Hispaniola  Oct 1, 1500 – Columbus and brothers sent to Spain in chains
  • 20. Third Voyage (May 30, 1498 – Oct 1500)
  • 21. Fourth and Last Voyage: Disaster  May 11, 1502 – Cadiz to Moroccan coast  Martinique island, Santo Domingo, Bay Islands, Honduras, Puerto Castilla, Honduras mainland  Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama  April 16 left for Hispaniola  May 10 – Cayman islands (Las Tortugas) and Jamaica  February 29, 1504 – Lunar Eclipse  Nov 7 – Sanlúcar, Spain
  • 22. Fourth Voyage (May 11, 1502 – Nov 7, 1504)
  • 23. Forgotten  Returns to Spain in disgrace  Fights the courts for reinstatement of his rights ‘Pleitos Colonbinos) – continued by his heirs  Writes two books: Book of Privileges (1502) and Book of Prophecies (1506)  Dies in Valladolid, May 20, 1506 (age 54) a broken man
  • 25. Expansion: Why America?  Amerigo Vespucci, Americo Vespucio, Americus Vespucius  Born in Florence, Italy – March 9, 1954 to February 22, 1512  Merchant, Explorer, Cartographer  Demonstrated that the New World was not Asia, but a previously unknown continent  Two letters (Mundus Novus and Lettera) demonstrate that these lands were not Asia but a fourth previously unknown continent  Martin Waldseemüller translated to Latin, and named the continent ‘America’ in 1507 on his world map.
  • 26. Myths and Ironies  Popular belief about the earth’ shape and size  Queen Isabel selling her jewels  CC: first explorer to reach Americas  CC calling the inhabitants ‘Indios’  ‘Discovery’  ‘New’ world’  Perception of the term ‘America’  Naming of the continent
  • 27. Impact  What DID he DO?  Was he a visionary hero or a despicable villain?
  • 28. RECOMMENDED READING  The Memoirs of Christopher Columbus with Stephen Marlowe, 1987
  • 29. Contact us:  Dr. Maria H. Koonce and William J. Koonce  billmar@cfl.rr.com