2. The word motivation actually comes from the latin
word ‘movere’ which means ‘to move’.
What is motivation?
3. You have a car with a full tank of petrol, a well tuned
engine, good set of tires, quadraphonic CD system,
and a sleek, polished exterior. There it sits. This car
has incredible potential. However until a driver sits
behind the wheel, puts the key in the ignition, and
cranks it up, the car doesn’t function. The KEY is
MOTIVATION.
Source: Internet
4. In a managerial context motivation is getting people
to exert a high degree of effort on their job.
5. Organisation and Motivation
An organization is a group of people working to
achieve a common aim. Here the people should be
motivated to work towards the aim.
6. Management and Motivation
Management is getting a job done by working with
and through people. Here too the people should be
motivated to do the work assigned to them.
11. But we have to learn and practice what has been
written on motivation.
WHY?
To get,
• Ordinary people to do extra ordinary things.
• People to do things that they don’t like to do.
12. Performance and Motivation
High performance is related to,
• Effort - Amount of physical and mental energy
spent
• Abilities - Knowledge, skills, techniques right
attitudes and experience
• Environment – Totality of all the forces and
institutions that are external
13. Therefore a motivated person in relation to
performance is,
• A person who works hard
• A person who sustains the pace of hard work
• A person whose behavior is self directed toward
important goals
14. Hence from an organisational and a management point
of view the best way to motivate a person is by bridging
the gap between organizational goals and personal
goals.
Organisational goals -- Personnel goals
• High income
• Career development
• Training and development
• Job satisfaction
• Recognition
• Opportunities for
achievement
15. Now we will study the subject of motivation
in a theoretical sense
16. Process of motivation
Need - A felt deficiency of some basic satisfaction
Drive - The behavioral out come of the need
Behaviour - The personal conduct
Goal - The fulfillment of the need
Reward - Something received in return for satisfying
the need
17. Theories of motivation
• A.H. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory -
based on human needs
• McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y – based on
assumptions
• Fredrich Herzberg’s two factor theory – based
on a study of need satisfactions
18. A.H. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Self Actualisation
Becoming what one is capable of
becoming- realizing one’s potential
Esteem Needs
Self Acceptance, Recognition, Status,
Influence, Respect
Social Needs
Love, Togetherness, Association, Friendship
Safety or Security Needs
Protection from Physical Harm, Ill Health, Economic
Disaster and the Unexpected and Job Security
Physiological Needs
Food, Water, Air, Shelter, Clothes, Sex, Sleep
19. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
Theory X (Traditional assumption)
- The typical person dislikes work and will avoid
it if possible.
- The typical person lacks responsibility and has
little ambition and seeks security above all.
- Most people must be coerced; controlled and
threatened with punishment to get them work.
20. Theory Y (Human relations assumption)
* Work is natural as play and rest.
* People are not inherently lazy. They have become
that way as a result of experience.
* People will exercise self-direction and self control
in the service of objectives to which they are
committed.
* People have potential under proper conditions.
They learn to accept and seek responsibility. They
have the imagination, ingenuity and creativity that they
can apply to work.
21. Fredrich Herzberg’s two factor theory
Dissatisfiers
• Company policy and administration
• Supervision
• Relationship with Supervisor
• Work conditions
• Salary
• Relationship with peers
• Security
