22 July 2014: CDE enduring challenge briefings

Enduring competition
Perpetual
Radical
£3M per year

Enduring competition
Challenges
Enduring
9 framework

Framework
Protection
Lethality
Human performance
Mobility
Lower cost of ownership

Framework
Situational awareness
Communication
Data
Power

Military context
© Crown copyright 2014 Dstl
23 July 2014
OFFICIAL OPEN SOURCE
Source: MoD

Scope
• Defence: ends, ways and means
– ends: mission
– ways: Future Force 2020
– means: force levels
• Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) protection
requirement
– threat
– policy
• Reminder of CDE enduring challenge categories
• Current capabilities and challenges 1-5
23 July 2014

Defence’s mission ‘the ends’:
To protect our country and
guarantee its security and independence
Source:
Defence: ends, ways and means

Defence: ways and means
Homeland
defence
Force
projection
Defence
engagement
23 July 2014
Source: MOD
Ways
• Post Afghanistan  contingency
• Budget c. £36Bn pa
• Eqpt budget c. £112Bn (10 yr)
Means
• Navy c.30k
• Army c.82k + 30k Resv
• RAF c.33k

CBR(N) protection requirement
Threat
Policy Finance
££££
Defence Review 2015
Defence Strategic
Direction 13
23 July 2014
CBRN
protection
plan
Source: BBC.co.uk

23 July 2014
CBR protection requirement
(threat)
State Threat
Lone Wolf Threat Industrial Threat
Terrorist Threat
Source: Open source

(threat - 2)
Nervous system
• Nerve agents
• Toxins
Lung
• Sulphur mustard
• Phosgene
• Toxic industrial
chemicals
Skin
• Sulphur mustard
• Nitrogen mustard
• Toxic industrial
chemicals
Multiple
targets
• Ionising
radiation
• Biological
23 July 2014
Source: Open source

• Hazard area
• ‘Detect to treat’
(threat - 3)
23 July 2014
Source: Open source

CBRN protection requirement
(policy)
Prevention of
Supply
ProtectionElimination
Arms
Control
Disablement
Deterrence
Cooperative Non-cooperative
UK CBRN protection policy: armed forces should be able to ‘survive and
operate’ in all CBRN environments
23 July 2014

CBRN protection requirement
(policy - 2)
Decision
makers
Inform
Medical
CM
Environmental
sense
Medical sense
Non-CBR
surveillance
Protective measures
Physical
protection
Hazard
manage-
ment
Sense
Knowledge
manage-
ment
23 July 2014

CDE enduring challenge categories
23 July 2014
1. Protection (personnel, platforms, facilities)
2. Situational awareness (sensors, precision navigation and timing,
reduced GPS dependability, persistent surveillance)
3. Power (provision/sources, non-fossil, hybrid, management, fuel
efficiency)
4. Communications (secure, unsecure, mobile, novel forms)
5. Data (cyber, information, big data, management and processing, sense-
making, visualisation, delivery, interoperability)
6. Lethality (weapons – conventional, novel, directed energy, defence, less-
than-lethal)
7. Mobility (platforms [air, land, sea, space, human], means of propulsion)
8. Human performance (physical and mental, systems interface,
survivability, sustainment, training, medical)
9. Lower cost of ownership (platforms, equipment, facilities)

Capability - 1
Deposited hazard
Vapour Aerosol
Airborne
hazard
Liquid/solid
Sense
23 July 2014
1. Protection
2. Situational Awareness
3. Power
4. Communications
5. Data
6. Lethality
7. Mobility
8. Human performance
9. Lower cost of ownership
Source: MOD

Knowledge
manage-
ment
Networked BRACIS (IOC Oct 13)
Capability -2
RFI
Advice
CBRN reachback (IOC Jan 14)
23 July 2014
1. Protection
3. Power
4. Communications
5. Data
6. Lethality
7. Mobility
Source: MOD

Medical
CM
Capability - 3
23 July 2014
1. Protection
3. Power
4. Communications
5. Data
6. Lethality
7. Mobility
Source: MOD

Physical
protection
Capability - 4
23 July 2014
1. Protection
3. Power
4. Communications
5. Data
6. Lethality
7. Mobility
Source: MOD

Hazard
management
Capability - 5
23 July 2014
1. Protection
3. Power
4. Communications
5. Data
6. Lethality
7. Mobility
Source: MOD

• Way forward?
– a variety of projects are underway to improve our capability
– there is a plan
– some funding has been allocated
Capability - 6
23 July 2014

Summary
• Defence Reform – Future Force 2020
• Evolving threat – state and non-state
• Policy challenges
– bio: ‘detect to treat’
– ‘survive and operate in all CBRN environments’ is difficult
• CBRN protection capabilities are beginning to get the
investment they need
23 July 2014
1. Protection
3. Power
4. Communications
5. Data
6. Lethality
7. Mobility

Chemical, Biological and Radiological
Science and Technology Programme

UNCLASSIFIED
Strategic context
NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY: RISKS
Tier 1 : International terrorism including the use of CBRN
materials
Tier 2 : Attack on the UK or its Territories by a state or
proxy using CBRN weapons
SDSR: NATIONAL SECURITY TASKS & PLANNING
GUIDELINES:
We will .. tackle those who threaten the UK & our
interests, including maintenance of underpinning
technical expertise in key areas. To deliver this we
require … retention of our CBRN science and technology
capabilities that contribute to counter-proliferation and
our response to the potential use of such materials by
terrorist or state actors
23 July 2014

UNCLASSIFIED
National Security Through Technology
23 July 2014
• ... ensure small and medium sized companies can
continue to deliver the innovation and flexibility we need.
• Building on the Centre for Defence Enterprise’s (CDE)
success in providing efficient access to innovation, we will
broaden its remit to cover both the defence and security
domains.
• …the most significant challenges currently faced by both
the defence and security communities…where we judge
the UK will get best value-for-money from science &
technology:
– being able to identify and effectively mitigate CBRN
threats to the UK and its interests

UNCLASSIFIED
Defence AND Security
• CONTEST & UK Biological Security Strategy (Home Office)
• National Counter Proliferation Strategy (FCO)
• National Risk Assessment (CO)
23 July 2014

UNCLASSIFIED
23 July 2014
The CBW spectrum illustrates the range of materials that
could be used as CBW agents
Toxic
industrial
chemicals
(TICS)
Major CW
agents
Emerging
CW agents
Mid
spectrum
agents
BW agents
HCN
Phosgene
chlorine
ammonia
vesicants
nerve agents
psycho-
chemicals
developments
from
pharmaceutical
& pesticide
research
(Moscow
theatre)
toxins
bioregulators
bacteria
rickettsia
viruses
increasing potency (up to~1012)
synthetic chemicals
self-replicating
agents of biological origin

UNCLASSIFIED
Programme vision
Through the contribution of S&T
• CBR weapons/materials will have no
strategic or tactical effect
• Perpetrators will be identified
• Restraint is rewarded and acceptable
norms are reinforced
23 July 201423 July 2014

UNCLASSIFIED
Breadth of activities
Proof of concept
S2O
Innovation
Supporting policy
Tech transfer
T&E
23 July 2014

UNCLASSIFIED
23 July 2014
Bio
MedCM?
Chem
MedCM?

UNCLASSIFIED
Future Medical Countermeasures
• Broad spectrum Anti-bacterials
– CDE Themed Call
– June 2013
……..Antimicrobial resistance?
• Common points for intervention
• Innate Immunology
– CDE Themed Call
– June 2014
23 July 2014

22 July 2014: CDE enduring challenge briefings

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22 July 2014: CDE enduring challenge briefings