Education in the Milwaukee Metropolitan Area

1. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Questionnaire Please complete the questionnaire on your desk and return it to the group.

2. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Introduction Milwaukee Public Schools Choice Program School Suburban Schools Private Schools Chapter 220 Program Schools

3. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area DEFINE EDUCATION: Education is the social institution responsible for the systematic transmission of knowledge, skills, and cultural values within a formally organized structure.

4. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Functionalist Perspectives on Education Education is viewed as one of the most important components of society. Durkheim: “[Education is the] influence exercised by adult generations on those that are not yet ready for social life.” Durkheim: Moral values are the foundation for a cohesive social order, schools are responsible for teaching commitment to the common morality. Students must be taught to put the needs of the group ahead of their personal desires.

5. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Functionalist Perspectives on Education Contemporary Functionalists: Education is responsible for teaching American values. Amitai Etzioni: “We ought to teach those values Americans share, for example, that the dignity of all persons ought to be respected , that tolerance is a virtue and discrimination abhorrent, that peaceful resolution of conflicts is superior to violence, that . . . truth telling is morally superior to lying, that democratic government is morally superior to totalitarianism and authoritarianism, that one ought to give a day's work for a day's pay , that saving for one's own and one's country's future is better than squandering one's income and relying on others to attend to one's future needs.”

8. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Conflict Perspectives on Education Schools create class, racial/ethnic, and gender inequalities, as some groups strive to maintain a higher, more privileged position at the expense of others. Bourdieu: The school legitimates and reinforces the social elites by engaging in specific practices that uphold the patters of behavior and attitudes of the dominant class. Bourdieu: Students from diverse class backgrounds come to school with different amounts of cultural capital . Cultural Capital- social assets that include values, beliefs, attitudes, and competencies in language and culture.

9. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Conflict Perspectives on Education Middle- and upper-income parents endow their children with more cultural capital then do working-class and poverty-level parents. Cultural Capital is required to acquire an education, so those with less cultural capital have less of a chance to succeed in the educational system. Standardized tests that are used to group students by ability and to assign them to classes often measure cultural capital, rather than “natural intelligence” or aptitude.

10. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Conflict Perspectives on Education Tracking is the practice of assigning students to specific curriculum groups and courses on the basis of their test scores, previous grades, or other criteria. Conflict Theorists: Tracking/ability grouping affects many students' educational performance, overall academic accomplishments. Hidden Curriculum : the transmission of cultural values and attitudes, such as conformity and obedience to authority, through implied demands found in the rules, routines, and regulations of schools.

11. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Conflict Perspectives on Education Ballantine: Through hidden curriculum, schools make working-class and poverty-level students aware that they will be expected to take orders from others, arrive for work on time, follow bureaucratic rules, and experience high levels of boredom without complaining. Credentialism: the process of social selection in which class advantage and social status are linked to the possession of academic qualifications.

13. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives on Education Labeling as a means of fulfilment for a self-fulfilling prophecy: Some students are labeled “special ed” or “low achievers” and others are labeled as “average” or “gifted and talented.” These labels, originally an unsubstantiated false belief for some, may, as a result of the special treatment or specialized education that comes with the label, end up fulfilling the once false statement.

14. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Problems with Elementary & Secondary Schools Unequal Funding Most funding comes from state (legislative appropriations) and local (property tax) funds, with both contributing approximately 47% of total funds received by the school, and about 6% from the federal government. Voucher Program Allows students to spend a specified amount of government funds on an education at a school of their choice.

15. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Problems with Elementary & Secondary Schools School Violence Numerous incidents in recent history, including: - Pearl High School, Pearl, Mississippi (Oct. 1, 1997)‏ - Heath High School, West Paducah, Kentucky (Dec. 1, 1997)‏ - Westside Middle School, Jonesboro, Arkansas (Mar. 25, 1998)‏ - Thurston High School, Springfield, Oregon (May 20, 1998)‏ - Columbine High School, Littleton, Colorado (Apr. 20, 1999)‏ - Platte Canyon High School, Bailey, Colorado (Sep. 27, 2006)‏

16. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Problems with Elementary & Secondary Schools Dropping Out Overall rates have gone down over the past 20 years, but there are ethnic differences that are significant. - Latinos have the highest overall rate, at 24% - African-Americans have an overall rate of 12.2% - Non-Hispanic White have a rate of 7.9% - Asian-Americans have the lowest drop out rate at just 1% Why do Latinos have the highest overall drop out rate? - This term encompasses an overly large grouping of students - Some students may be labeled as “troublemakers” by teachers - Exclusion from meaningful academic programs, discouraged from gaining necessary education to move into middle- and upper- classes.

17. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Milwaukee Public Schools

19. Education Milwaukee Public Schools Enrollment: 25,244 Students in the entire Milwaukee Public School System in grades 9-12. This is a total for 55 high schools around the City of Milwaukee. Student to Teacher Ratio: Licensed Instructional Staff: 13.06 students : 1 Administrative Staff: 222.89 students : 1 Aides, Support, Other Staff: 15.19 students : 1 District Overall: 6.81 students : 1

23. Education Milwaukee Public Schools Milwaukee Public Schools averaged 8 1/3% lower in overall attendance than the State of Wisconsin as a whole over a 5-year period.

24. Education Milwaukee Public Schools Milwaukee Public Schools consistently fell below state averages in graduation rates, but with an overall upward trend in rates over the 4 year period.

25. Education Milwaukee Public Schools Drop Outs The State of Wisconsin averages a 1.98% drop out rate The Milwaukee Public School System averages a rate of 10.13% 2,556 drop outs in 2002-2003, almost 45% of the State's total drop outs. High Schools with a 50% or higher rate include: - Milwaukee County Youth Education Center 53 Students, 44 Drop outs, 83.02% - Afro Urban Institute 59 Students, 31 Drop outs, 52.54% - Learning Enterprise Vocational & Training Institute 50 Students, 29 Drop outs, 58% - Kilmer South Alternative High School 384 Students, 239 Drop outs, 62.24% - Project Stay Senior Institute 117 Students, 112 Drop outs, 63.28%

26. Education Milwaukee Public Schools Drop Outs High Schools exceeding the State's average include: - King High School 1,382 Students, 12 Drop outs, 0.87% - Hamilton High School 1,917 Students, 38 Drop outs, 1.98% Only 15 High Schools had an average of 10% or lower.

27. Education Milwaukee Public Schools District Spending Of the $1,126,201,096 in revenue the Milwaukee Public School District received in 2003-2004, this is the breakdown of spending as reported to the Department of Public Instruction for the State of Wisconsin: $625,574,729 - Instructional Staff (Salaries, Training, Benefits, Etc.)‏ $104,791,907 - Support Staff (Salaries, Training, Benefits, Etc. $211,771,980 - Administration (Salaries, Bonuses, Expenses, Etc.)‏ $58,983,707 - Transportation (Busing, Etc.) $46,584,652 - Facilities (Maintainance, Repairs, Cleaning, Etc.)‏ $51,561,334 - Food & Community Services $1,099,268,309 – Total District Cost, 2003-2004 Annual Spending

28. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Choice Program Schools

34. Education Choice Program Schools

39. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Suburban Schools

42. Education Suburban Schools Programs offered: - Arts - Band - Orchestra - Chorus - Ceramics & Sculpture - Computer Arts - Dance - Drawing & Painting - Photography - Theater & Drama - Film & Video Production - Vocational Programs - Agriculture & Food Sciences - Automotive - Construction - Cosmetology - Food Service Production & Management - Health Services Careers - Law Enforcement - Professional Child Care & Development - Technology

43. Education Suburban Schools - Foreign Languages - Arabic - Cantonese - French - German - Hebrew - Italian - Japanese - Korean - Latin - Mandarin - Russian - Spanish - Tagalog - Specialty Programs - Academic Contests - Community Service - Debate - Newspaper - Radio, Video, Multimedia - Science & Technology - Student Council/Government - Yearbook

44. Education Suburban Schools - Athletics - Badminton - Basketball - Baseball - Bicycling - Cheerleading - Crew - Cross Country - Field Hockey - Fencing - Football - Golf - Gymnastics - Lacrosse - Martial Arts & Self-Defense - Physical Education Classes - Soccer - Softball - Swimming - Rock Climbing - Rugby - Tennis - Ultimate Frisbee - Track - Volleyball - Water Polo - Wrestling - Yoga

45. Education Suburban Schools Composite This School State Average National Average Graduating class of 2006 24 22 21 Graduating class of 2005 25 22 21 Graduating class of 2004 24 22 21 English This School State Average National Average Graduating class of 2006 24 21 21 Graduating class of 2005 25 21 20 Graduating class of 2004 25 21 20 Math This School State Average National Average Graduating class of 2006 25 22 21 Graduating class of 2005 25 22 21 Graduating class of 2004 25 22 21 Reading This School State Average National Average Graduating class of 2006 24 22 21 Graduating class of 2005 25 22 21 Graduating class of 2004 25 22 21 Science This School State Average National Average Graduating class of 2006 23 22 21 Graduating class of 2005 24 22 21 Graduating class of 2004 23 22 21 Participation Rate This School Graduating class of 2006 77% Graduating class of 2005 n/a Graduating class of 2004 75%

47. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Milwaukee Area Private Schools

49. Education Milwaukee Area Private Schools Marquette High School Student to Teacher Ratio 14:1 1,050 Students from 150 different schools enrolled in 2008 Minorities make up 21% of the Student Body Annual Tuition $8,895 98% Graduation/College Attendance Rate 10% of Students transfer out by Sophomore Year

50. Education Milwaukee Area Private Schools Programs Offered: Student Organizations Various Varsity and Intramural Athletic Programs Fine Arts & Music Community Service

51. Education Milwaukee Area Private Schools Rules: Rules are very strict. Meals are offered on Campus and students cannot leave the Campus for Lunches. Uniform Policy is in place and strongly enforced.

52. Education Milwaukee Area Private Schools Testing & Scores: ACT Scores: SAT Scores:

53. Education Milwaukee Area Private Schools Personal Reflection

54. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Chapter 220 Program Schools

60. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Student Interviews

61. Education Milwaukee Metropolitan Area Questionnaire Results