11. Retrograde Motion

18. This animation shows twelve images of the sun, each taken through a telescope on Earth, one month apart. The dates range from August 2000 to July 2001. The dark markings on the sun are sunspots—regions where the surface is slightly cooler than the surrounding area. Notice how the size of the sun appears to change in a regular pattern.

30. Table on Page 15 247 years 3 3675 Pluto * 164 years 3.4 2795 Neptune 84.01 years 4 1784 Uranus 29.46 years 6 887 Saturn 11.6 years 8 484 Jupiter 687 days 15 142 Mars 365.25 days 19 93 Earth 224 days 22 67 Venus 88 days 30 36 Mercury Period of Revolution Speed mile/sec. Distance (millions of miles) Planet

34. 2. Gravity and Inertia

37. History Summary (16 m)

43. Looking East Looking West Looking North Looking South

46. 4 3:00 pm 3 9:00 am 2 3:00 am 1 9:00 pm Position of the big dipper Mid October Date New York State Location of Observer

48. Star trail photographs looking north, south, east and west A. North D. East C. West B. South

49. Celestial Poles – video clip

52. 3. Zodiac – a band of 12 constellations that forms a background for the Sun as seen from the revolving Earth.

54. 4 Summer 3 Spring 2 Winter 1 Fall Position of the Big Dipper 12:00 Midnight Time of Day NYS Location of Observer

55. 3. Seasons – a yearly cycle

58. C. Earth revolves around the Sun in a yearly cycle of 365 ¼ days. D. As Earth revolves, its axis always points in the same direction (parallelism of axis) December 21 March 21 June 21 Sept. 20

60. 2. Equator 0 o Latitude 67 o 67 o

61. F. Length of Daylight (duration of daylight) – changes with seasons and with latitude .

62. G. Angle of Insolation (Sunlight) and Heating of Earth’s Surface High Angle High Intensity Low Angle Low Intensity 1.

67. b. Key: Direct Ray of Sunlight (Perpendicular to Earth’s Surface; 90 o ) Ray of Sunlight (striking NYS at an angle less than 90 o )

68. C. Maximum angle of insolation at 12 noon for mid N.Y.S. (Lat. 43 o N) 1. Dec. 21 2. Mar/Sep. 21 3. June 21 24.5 48 71.5 Low angle Low intensity Medium angle Medium intensity High angle High intensity

70. b. Angle of Insolation vs. Time

78. Our Sun – Future

83. 4. Lunar Topography – surface features of the moon

84. “ The Dark Side of The Moon”

95. Surf’s Up!

97. Scale Model Distance

99. Side View of Spiral Galaxy

100. b. Elliptical

101. c. Irregular Galaxy

103. a. Top View

104. b. Side View

105. Life Cycle of Stars – H.R.Diagram

107. Electromagnetic Spectrum (4.5 min)

110. Dark line Spectrum

111. B. Doppler Effect – apparent change in the wavelength of light (or sound) that occurs when an object is moving toward or away from the observer .

112. 2. Red Shift – Blue Shift

115. Big Bang Video Clip

116. D. Evolution of the Universe Cosmic Evolution Big Bang Origin of Matter Formation of Milky Way Formation of Earth Present