Hennepin County Brookdale Regional Center - High Performance Building Case Study

Daylighting Case Study
The Hennepin County Brookdale Regional Center
Loren E. Abraham, AIA, LEED AP
abraham + associates architects
A High Performance Building
Case Study
The Hennepin County
Brookdale Regional Center
By Loren E Abraham AIA, LEED AP

The "Whole Building" Design Approach
Goal: to create a successful high-performance building.
Strategy: Apply an integrated design approach during
the planning and programming phases, e.g…
• Involve all stakeholders in the design process
The owner Design Team
Building occupants Construction Manager
Operation & maintenance personnel
Government agencies Community Groups
• Act on the premise that all building systems are
interdependent – e.g., modeling the building using
all available simulation tools

The Basic Concept
Recognizing that buildings:
 are complex
 consume vast amounts of energy and material
resources over their life time
The 'whole buildings' design approach is:
 a collaborative effort
 a comprehensive evaluation and modeling of
materials, systems and assemblies for:
cost
quality-of-life
future flexibility
Efficiency
overall environmental impact
productivity and creativity
how the occupants will be enlivened

Celebration of light
Hennepin County
Brookdale Regional Center
Brooklyn Center, Minnesota

Brookdale Regional Center – What is sustainable?
• Sustainable Building Overview
• Minnesota Sustainable Building Guide and
Comparison to LEED’s Rating System
• Environmental Quality
• Daylighting Design and Verification
• Energy & Atmosphere
• Excel Energy Assets Program
• Brookdale Life-cycle Cost Analysis
• Avoided Pollution (Externalities)
• Material & Resource Strategies
• Building Systems
• Value Engineering – Value Analysis
• Importance of Post Occupancy Evaluation

Brookdale Key Strategies
1. Reuse/Reduce/Recycle
2. Site & Water Strategies
3. Environmental Quality Strategies
a. Daylighting
b. Indoor Air Quality
c. Thermal Comfort
d. Human Factors
4. Energy Strategies (Energy Assets)
5. Value Engineering/Value Analysis
6. Building Commissioning

Minnesota State Guidelines
B3
(Formerly: Minnesota Sustainable Buildings Guidelines)
Similar in scope to LEED

LEED Vs. MSBG
What is LEED?
The LEED Green Building Rating
System™, developed by the USGBC, is the
only nationally recognized green building
rating system. LEED evaluates the
performance of buildings from a “whole
building” perspective, over the course of a
building’s lifecycle, which provides a
definitive standard for what constitutes a
green building.
LEED Credit Categories and point
system
– Sustainable Sites – 14 pts
– Water Efficiency – 5p pts
– Energy & Atmosphere – 17 pts
– Materials & resources – 13pts
– Indoor Environmental Quality – 15 pts
– Innovation & Design Process – 5 pts

Optimize Resource Utilization
Maximize Reuse of Existing Structure
Before
After

Optimize Site Potential
• Site Access, Circulation and parking
• Access to Public Transportation
• Encourage Use of Bicycles,
Motorcycles and car pools
• Location of Buildings & Landscaping
responds to climate & solar orientation
• Site Lighting contained to site
• Security not an afterthought
• LID, stormwater Management Practices,
Habitat, Ecosystems

Sustainable Building
Sustainable architecture is foremost about reimagining the relationship between human beings and living systems.
The most powerful expression of this is our built environment. Today, architects must work with systems; they must
design new ways of living and working in which buildings play a key role.
__Paul Hawken from the preface to Sustainable Architecture White Papers
Thermal envelope optimized
with R25 walls and an R40.
Landscape buffer
at park boundary.
Locally quarried
limestone colonade.
Structural systems optimized to
reduce embodied energy by
making frame lighter.
Pond landscaped
with native wetland
plant materials.
Building demolition waste
materials were ground up and
reused on site as base for
parking lot.
Permeable paving
at plaza.
Deciduous trees control solar
rays based on seasonal
requirements.
Advanced selective low-e glazing
optimizes daylight and solar gains
with an R4 insulating value.
Clerestory windows to
harvest Daylight.
Existing building and
infrastructure were reused.

Protect and Conserve Water
Ecological Stormwater Management
• Pro-active watershed wide planning
approach
• Draintiles adjusted and removed to let as
much rain as possible soak into the
ground where it falls
• Minimize impervious surface area
• Deep-Rooted Plant Communities in
Pervious Areas
• Direct Runoff from Impervious Surfaces
to Pervious Surfaces
• Swales with checkdams carry runoff to
stormwater wetlands
• Runoff detained and cleansed in
stormwater wetlands
Bio-swale schematic Courtesy Pierce
County, WA/WSU Extension

Protect and Conserve Water
– Rainwater Gardens
– Wetland Restoration
– Bio-filtration Pond
takes runoff from
parking lot

Optimize Resource Utilization
Reuse/Reduce/Recycle
• Renovate and Reuse Existing Building
• Salvage/Recycle Demolition Materials
• Separate/Recycle Construction Wastes
• Use Recycled Materials
• Use Recyclable Materials
• Reduce Embodied Energy
• Design for Reuse/Disassembly
• Reduce Life-cycle Operation &
Maintenance

Celebrating light

Daylighting Design & Verification
• Daylighting Principles
• Daylighting Goals
• Daylighting Strategies
• Daylighting Assessment

Daylighting Principles
– Bring Light in High
– Control and diffuse it
– Bounce and redirect it

Goals
– Optimize ambient levels in both perimeter and core zones
– Reduce glare, increase visual acuity and comfort
– Maintain minimum ambient levels in key areas
e.g., 20 fc at floor in stack areas
– Control direct light more in task areas, less in non-task areas
• Daylighting Strategies

Daylighting Strategies Implemented
Figure A: Schematic Section showing the daylighting strategies employed.
Figure C: Small punched openings positioned high
along mainstreet allow direct sunlight into non-critical
task areas and the resulting light and shadow create
movement and interest. The openings are beveled to
optimize light and minimize uncomfortable contrasts
between window and wall.
Figure D: The condition at the new and existing building interface
presents an opportunity to create clerestrories at the high-low roof
intersection. The clerestory on the left faces north and brings in soft
diffuse light while the clerestory on the right faces west.
Figure E: Existing clerestories in the renovated
portion of the regional center were retained and
re-glazed with new higher performance glazing
for improved daylighting performance. They
allow daylight in the areas of the building core
that would otherwise be windowless.
Figure B: Prismatic glass redirects intense rays of
light coming from the West up onto the plaster scoop.

Daylighting Strategies Implemented
Figure 1: Shafts of daylight
stream into West Rotunda
Interior providing a feeling of
well-being as well as valuable
information.
Figure 2: High clerestories in the library at”Mainstreet” provide glare
free abundant light to the room below without the problems of direct
light. The vertical surfaces bounce and diffuse the light
Figure 3: Sloping the ceiling has the same effect as
maintaining the higher level throughout the space with the
added advantages of greater clearance above the ceiling for
mechanical systems where it is needed and the ceiling is
brighter than it would be if flat because it reflects incident
horizontal light much better.
Figure 4: A highly efficient reflective film called SOLF
(short for solar optic lens film) made by 3M, optimizes the
effectiveness of these light shelves in the Library which
bounce light up onto the sloped ceiling providing more even
illumination in the space. They also reduce glare near the
windows
Figure 5: By providing a graduated “frit” pattern on the glass above
the light shelf instead of using the solar shade, we ensure that there
will always be illumination for the light shelf and the frit reduces
heat gains similar to the shade system but with far less cost.
Figure 6: The molded plaster light
“Scoop” in the Courts waiting area
effectively softens and distributes light
not only to this space but the adjacent
rooms as well.

Daylighting Studies
Illuminance Study
Results
– Benefits of Clerestories
– Excess Light at Curtainwall
– Light Shelves Effective
– Skylights Beneficial at Low Ceiling Areas

Daylighting Studies
Illuminance Study
Results
– Benefits of Clerestories
– Excess Light at Curtainwall
– Light Shelves Effective

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
SE
Area 1 Daylight Factors - No Light Shelves
0.30-0.35
0.25-0.30
0.20-0.25
0.15-0.20
0.10-0.15
0.05-0.10
0.00-0.05
South Facing Glass Curtainwall
Mainstreet in
Library
Daylighting Studies – curtainwall & lightshelves
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
SE
Area 1 Daylight Factors - With Light Shelves
South Facing Glass Curtainwall
Mainstreet in
Library
No light shelves
Light shelves

1 2 3 4 5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
A
C
E
G
K
M
O
Q
S
U
South
East
Daylight Factors - Area 2
0.200-0.250
0.150-0.200
0.100-0.150
0.050-0.100
0.000-0.050
-0.050-0.000
West Wall
Mainstreet
Clerestory
North
Daylighting Studies
No Skylights at Low Ceiling

Daylighting Studies
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
South
East
Area 2 Daylight Factors
With Skylights
0.200-0.250
0.150-0.200
0.100-0.150
0.050-0.100
0.000-0.050
West Wall
Mainstreet
Clerestory
North
Skylights at Low Ceiling

Daylighting Studies
Irradiance Studies
Purpose: To Determine Times and
Source of Undesirable Direct Ray
penetration into interior
WSolstice
WSolsticeSSolstice Equinox
SSolstice Equinox
D
B
E
A

Daylighting Studies
Exterior Shading Studies
EquinoxSSolstice Equinox

Daylighting Study
Analysis
Conclusions & Corrective
Measures
 Solar Shading System needed
at Curtainwall below light shelf
 Graduated frit preferred for solar control above
light shelf
 Light shelf helps to create a more uniform
illuminance level across area South of Main Street
 Window Blinds will be needed at all perimeter
windows

Daylighting Study Analysis

Daylighting Study Analysis
Conclusions & Corrective
Measures
Prismatic Glazing preferred for
solar control at West facing
clerestory
Rotundas will not present a visual
disability problem to adjacent
task areas
Black out shades needed at
Storytime

Shafts of daylight
stream into
Rotunda Interiors
providing a feeling
of well-being as
well as valuable
subliminal
information.

Clerestories in the library at”Mainstreet” provide glare free abundant
light to the spaces below without the problems of direct light. The
vertical surfaces bounce and diffuse the light.

Sloping the ceiling has the same effect as maintaining the higher level throughout the
space with the added advantages of greater clearance above the ceiling for mechanical
systems here it is needed and the ceiling is brighter than it would be if flat because it
reflects incident horizontal light much better.
Sloped Ceiling

Light Shelves
Light Shelves: A highly efficient reflective film called SOLF (short for solar optic lens
film) made by 3M, optimizes the effectiveness of these light shelves in the Library which
bounce light up onto the sloped ceiling providing more even illumination in the space.
They also reduce glare near the windows

By providing a graduated “frit” pattern on the glass above the
light shelf instead of using the solar shade, we ensure that there
will always be illumination for the light shelf and the frit reduces
heat gains similar to the shade system but with far less cost.
Fritted
Glass

Plaster light scoop
The molded plaster light “Scoop” in the Courts waiting area effectively softens
and distributes light not only to this space but the adjacent rooms as well.

Daylighting Hardware Strategies
order to harvest the energy
savings made possible
from harvesting the natural
daylight, photosensors detect
natural light levels and send a message to the light
fixture ballast (shown at right) dimming the light
proportionately between 25-100% of the total lamp
output.
Electronic dimming ballasts are used in
all light fixtures serving designated
Daylight Zones and allow photosensor
controlled dimming
A highly efficient reflective film
called SOLF (short for solar optic
lens film) made by 3M, optimizes
the effectiveness of these light
shelves in the Library which
bounce light up onto the sloped
ceiling providing more even
illumination in the space. They
also reduce glare near the windows
Charcoal Gray Eco-veil 5% open shade cloth is used. Darker
colors appear transparent to occupants, whereas lighter
colors diffuse light and add glare.
Solar Trac II – Automated sun tracking shade
control system.

Indoor Environmental Quality
• Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
• Thermal Comfort
• Lighting Quality and Visual
Acuity
• Human Factors

Indoor Air
Quality
Factors affecting Indoor Air Quality
a. Ventilation
b. Source Control & Material Selection
c. Cleansing and Maintenance

Human Factors
• User adjustable work surfaces and
seating
• Facilities designed for accessibility
• Appropriate selection of hardware
• Logically laid out spaces with intuitive
way-finding circulation design
• Easily seen and understood signage

Energy and Atmosphere
Significance of Energy Consumption in Buildings

Energy and Atmosphere
Excel Energy Assets
• Thermal Loads
• Optimization and Design
• Energy Use Reduction
• Peak Demand Load Reduction
• Utility Cost Reduction
• Computer Simulation (DOE 2)
• Life Cycle Cost Benefit Analysis
• Building Commissioning
• Energy Strategy Verification and
Utility Rebate ($50,000)

Energy Efficiency Strategies Employed
High Performance Lighting Systems:
• Daylight Harvesting – Continuous Dimming Controls…
• High Performance AzurliteTM Glazing (high
transmittance-VT /low shading coef.)
• Occupancy Sensor Lighting Controls Wherever
feasible, e.g., Private Offices, Conference Rooms,
Storage Rooms, etc.
• Programmable Multi-purpose Lighting Systems in
Meeting and Training Rooms
• Timer Control of lighting wherever feasible by BAS
• Improve Lighting Quality & Reduce FC Levels
• T8 lamps w/Electronic Ballsts
• Compact Fluorescents used in lieu of Incandescent and
HID

Energy Efficiency Strategies Employed
High Performance HVAC Systems:
• Reduced Thermal Loads (reduce equipment size)
through high performance Glazing, solar controls &
landscaping - Result: 20% (100 ton) reduction in
cooling loads
• VFD’s on pumps and AHU fans
• High Efficiency Chiller (modular screw type)
• Building Automation System
• All Direct Digital Temperature Controls (in lieu of
Pneumatic)
• Occupancy Sensor Control of VAV Boxes where
appropriate

Other Energy Strategies Employed
• Hi-reflectance Ceilings (improved
lighting efficacy)
• Increased Thermal Insulation R-
Values (R25 avg. walls & R40
Roof)
• Commissioning Process
• Expanded Daylighting Strategy
• Increase VAV boxes (greater
degree of individual user control)

Energy Simulation Results

Importance of Commissioning
• Establish Design goals that are optimal and
comprehensive
• Ensure that construction details and
specifications are installed as designed
• Provide for optimal calibration of Daylighting
Controls and Occupancy Sensors
• Provide for Proper Programming of
Temperature Controls and Building
Automation Systems
• Evaluate effectiveness of design and possible
need for modifications

Importance of Post-Occupancy
Evaluation
• Determine whether Design functions as intended
• Evaluate user satisfaction
• Identify and resolve problems
• Verify Predicted Energy savings
• Verify Predicted performance of Renewable
Energy Systems (e.g., photovoltaic, wind
turbines, Ground source Heat Pumps, etc.)
• Verify stormwater management system
performance
• Identify gains in Productivity and Absenteeism

OWNER TEAM
Hennepin County Property Services Department
Mark Merrill, Project Manager
Greg, Karr, Design Construction Manager
Tom Peters, Facilities Manager
Roy Earl, Engineering Manager
Susie Graber, Interiors Manager
Tom Billings, Engineering Manager
Dick Eisner, Industrial Hygienist
Phrashant Kharkar , Planning Director
Jon Gravender, Planner
Mark Lee, Acting Security Manager
Hennepin County Libraries
Janet Leick, Librarian Administrative Director
Charles Brown, Director
David Cramer, Administrative Service
Manager
Sharon Charles, Tech Server Manager
Larry Aamot, Purchasing Manager
Bruce Wilda, Facilities
Bill Berg, Audio Visual Systems
Rick Johnson, Audio Visual Systems
Henn. County Children, Family, Adult service
David Sanders, Director
Joan Smith, Deputy Director
Bruce Gottsche, Deputy Director
Terri McGinley, Deputy Director
John Sellen, Deputy Director
Randy Stacy, Deputy Director
Karen Wahlund
Lea Bloomquist
County Economic Assistance
Deborah Huskins, Director
Don Holmberg
Cathy Lindberg
Gloria Lundberg
Hennepin County Community Corrections
Fred LaFleur, Director
Juli Jones
Linda Berg
Donna Griffin
Les Pratt
Bob Roeglin
Elizabeth Sands
Hennepin County Sheriff's Office
Patrick McGowan, Sheriff
Mike Hubred, Sargeant
Brian Kasbohm, Deputy
Dick Loose, Captain
Thomas Merkel, Inspector
Hennepin County District Court
Mark Thompson, Administrator
Michael Kelley, Assistant Administrator
Mike Hickey
Wayne Minske
Sandra Pugh
Hennepin County Taxpayer Services
Pat O'Conner, Director
Mark Oswald, Manager
Barb Ramaker, IT
Information Technology Operations
Leanne Combs
Gary Kamp
Bob Lerner
Hennepin County Communications
Deb Holweger
Greg White

BROOKDALE USER GROUPS
Hennepin County Property Services User
Group
Kandice Barnes, Building Manager
Jeff McGregor, Building Engineer
Brookdale Library User Group
Michael McConnell, Head Librarian
Julaine Heit, Youth Service Library
Jackie Gillespie, Service Manager
Gail Mauer, Adult Service Library
Molly Schaaf, Youth Service Library
Jeanne Stevens, Adult Service Library
Joe Manion
Diane Deutsch
Brookdale Regional Center Children, Family,
Adult service User Group
Lynn Malfeld, CFS Supervisor
Pam Reinke
Hal Schippitz, AS Supervisor
Laura Linn, AS Supervisor
Hennepin County Public Defender User Group
Sheila Faulkner
James Grochal
Barry Merchant
Hennepin County District Court User Group
Sheldon Spack, Supervisor
Hennepin County Sheriff's Office User Group
June Johnson, Sargeant
Brian Kasbohm, Deputy
Brookdale Service Center User Group
Lyn Juntunen, Manager
Michael Hanson

PROJECT DESIGN TEAM
OWNER REPRESENTATIVE Hennepin County Property Services
Mark Merrill, Project Manager
ARCHITECTS Abraham + Associates Architects
Loren E. Abraham, AIA, Lead Designer and Principal Architect
Greg Ludwig, AIA, Project Manager
Buetow & Associates, Inc.
Tom Dunwell, AIA, Principal
Mod Feders, AIA, Project Manager
Dave Olds, AIA Project Architect
James Kampmann, Project Captain
INTERIOR DESIGNER Nelson (E-Design)
Debra Emert, ASID, Principal
Jennifer Gilligan, Senior Interior Designer
CIVIL & STRUCTURAL Clark Engineering Corporation
ENGINEERS Hadi Sajadi, P.E., Principal Structural Engineer
Barry Wagner, P.E., Principal Civil Engineer
MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL Gausman & Moore
ENGINEERS Robert Full, P.E., Principal Mechanical Engineer
Bill Kosanke, Mechanical Engineer
Lane Hersey, Principal Electrical Engineer
Steve Schroeder, Electrical Engineer
Jim Keller, P.E., Consulting Engineer (Sustainable Design)Da
Jeff Westlund, P.E. Communications Engineer

PROJECT TEAM (Other Consultants)
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS Brodsho Consulting
Debbie Brodsho, Landscape Architect
and Kestrel Design Group, Inc.
Peter McDonagh, RLA
Sean Jergens, Landscape designer
DAYLIGHTING Abraham + Associates/Daybreak Technology, L.L.C.
Loren Abraham, Principal
Facilities: UofM Daylighting Lab
ENERGY ASSISTANCE The Weidt Group
Jay Johnson, Project Manager
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN University of Minnesota Center for
Sustainable Building Research
John Carmody, Director
AUDIO VISUAL Elert & Associates
Will Craig, CTS-D
SECURITY James L. Johnson Associates, Inc.
James L. Johnson, Principal
CONTRACTOR Shaw-Lundquist Associates, Inc.
Dave LaPree, Project Manager
Spencer Jurens, Job Superintendant
Paul Rosendale, Project Manager at large

Questions

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