Presented at the Semantic Registry workshop (http://www.isocat.org/2013-SR/index.html) organized by ISOcat.

1. Semantic MediaWiki and
Semantic Forms
Lloyd Rutledge
Semantic Registries Workshop, December 9th, 2013
http://www.slideshare.net/Lloyd.Rutledge/semantic-wikis-semantic-registries-workshop

2. Questions from the organizers
• In your community, how is the support for a
semantic registry?
• How open is the registry, who can add or modify
things, are the semantics stable?
• Does the data model of the registry match your
needs (information entry, relationships,
granularity, possible inconsistency, …)
• How is the sustainability of the registry:
financially, organisational, … ?
2

3. In your community, how is the
support for a semantic registry?
• Semantic MediaWiki and Semantic Forms are
themselves technologies for setting up semantic
registries
• They support their communities well
– Easy set up and maintenance
– Easily distributed maintenance, authoring and access
– Quick setup of Semantic Web endpoint
• Wikipedia as semantic registry
3

5. • Online, sharable, universal
• Specializes in distance collaboration
• Well-supported, has extension framework

6. Wikipedia infobox: open data editing

8. • Online, sharable, universal
• Specializes in data retrieval
• XSLT can tailor data report presentation

9. Your
wiki

10. How open is the registry, who can add or
modify things, are the semantics stable?
•
By default open
•
Webmaster can modify read, create and edit permissions
–
Based on user types
–
For all pages (concepts, resources) equally
•
Data entry forms can restrict modification or entry of data
•
Stability
–
Easy to change existing data (triples)
–
Forms can help keep data conforming to ontologies
10

12. • MediaWiki extension
• Well-supported, active development
• Semantic Web (-ish, -partial)




Annotation syntax
Data queries and formatted reports
RDF export
Direct connection to online endpoint

14. Protégé-OWL
• Many conforming Semantic Web functions
• Well-known oft-used tool
• Specializes in editing ontologies

15. Does the data model of the registry
match your needs?
• Information entry?
– Forms makes entry easy. Wiki keeps pages maintainable
• Relationships?
– Form field autocompletion
– Infobox-like displays
• Granularity?
– Wiki imposes a page unit to data and concepts
• Possible inconsistency?
– Not at purely semantic level
– Interface restrictions can help
15

17. •
•
•
•
•
Semantic MediaWiki extension
Infobox-like templates for data browsing
Forms for data entry
Primitives for building ontology-based interface
Interface assistance and constraints help
maintain ontological consistency
• Such as autocompletion

18. 18

20. OWL Wiki Forms (OWF)
• Input: Semantic Web ontology (data model)
• Output: Semantic wiki with form-based input
• Academic results
–
Mapping of abstract data modeling to interface
• Practical results
–
Efficient quick setup of wiki interface for entering data
for a given ontology

21. How is the sustainability of the registry?
(MediaWiki and Semantic MediaWiki)
• Financially
–
Open source
–
Primarily academic project
–
Much code offered as student projects
–
Minority but substantial industrial involvement
• Organisational
– Ditto
• Is stable, mature and widely used with diverse
community of user and developers
21

22. 22

23. 23

24. 24

25. 25

26. 26

27. a
b
c
dbpedia:Tim_Berners-Lee
rdf:type
foaf:Person ;
rdf:type
dbpedia-owl:Person ;
rdfs:label
"Tim Berners-Lee"@en ;
foaf:depiction
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Tim_BernersLee_closeup.jpg ;
foaf:name
"Tim Berners-Lee"@en ;
foaf:surname
"Berners-Lee"@en ;
foaf:homepage http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/ ;
dbpedia-owl:title
"Professor"@en ;
dbpedia-owl:birthYear
"1955-01-01T00:00:00+02:00"^^xs:gYear ;
dbpedia-owl:almaMater
dbpedia:The_Queen's_College,_Oxford ;
dbpedia-owl:occupation dbpedia:Computer_scientist ;
dbpedia-owl:birthName
"Timothy John Berners-Lee"@en ;
dbpedia-owl:residence
dbpedia:Massachusetts ;
dbpedia-owl:religion
dbpedia:Unitarian_Universalism ;
dbpprop:birthPlace
"London, England"@en ;
dbpprop:honorificSuffix "OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA"@en ;
dbpprop:dateOfBirth
"8"^^xs:int ;
dbpprop:placeOfBirth
"London, England"@en ;
dbpprop:religion
dbpedia:Unitarian_Universalism ;
dbpprop:before
"First recipient"@en ;
dbpprop:nationality
"British"@en ;
dbpprop:birthDate
1955-06-08 ;
dbpprop:title
"Professor"@en ;
dbpprop:title
"Millennium Technology Prize winner"@en ;
dbpprop:almaMater
dbpedia:The_Queen's_College,_Oxford ;
dbpprop:occupation
dbpedia:Computer_scientist ;
dbpprop:residence
"Massachusetts, U.S."@en ;

28. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_lens
Fresnel: RDF interface in RDF
•
Specifies how RDF is display
•
Separates style from content: like CSS for XML
•
Also in RDF
•
Supported by multiple semantic browsers such as Longwell
http://www.w3.org/2005/04/fresnel-info/manual/

29. http://dig.csail.mit.edu/2006/Talks/0724-fresnel/#%2814%29
Domain-independent default for browser (Longwell)
With (handmade) Fresnel style

30. 30

31. OWL Wiki Forms (OWF) architecture

32. Generated default Fresnel code
:defaultLenshttpxmlnscomfoaf01Person
rdf:type
fresnel:Lens ;
fresnel:classLensDomain foaf:Person ;
fresnel:showProperties
foaf:currentProject , foaf:familyName ,
foaf:family_name , foaf:firstName , foaf:geekcode ,
foaf:img , foaf:knows , foaf:lastName ,
foaf:myersBriggs , foaf:pastProject , foaf:plan ,
foaf:publications , foaf:schoolHomepage ,
foaf:surname , foaf:workInfoHomepage ,
foaf:workplaceHomepage .

33. Range-based autocompletion

34. Default view
{{Informbox Person
|familyName=Berners-Lee
|firstName=Tim
|img=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/
Tim_Berners-Lee-Knight-crop.jpg
|knows=Conway Berners-Lee, Mary Lee Woods
}}

35. Cascade Fresnel to hide undesired properties
:defaultLenshttpxmlnscomfoaf01Person fresnel:hideProperties
foaf:currentProject , foaf:family_name , foaf:geekcode , foaf:lastName ,
foaf:myersBriggs , foaf:pastProject , foaf:plan , foaf:publications ,
foaf:schoolHomepage , foaf:surname , foaf:workInfoHomepage ,
foaf:workplaceHomepage .

36. :imgFormat
rdf:type fresnel:Format ;
fresnel:value fresnel:image ;
fresnel:propertyFormatDomain
foaf:img .

37. Ontology
Fresnel
:allProperties
:hideProperties
owl:Thing
owl:Ontology
rdfs:isDefinedBy
Containers
Pagename
MW
Wiki page name
namespace has levels
OWF
Labels for property and class on templates and forms
Shows description
Adapts language to user
Mouseover on label
, content on page
Selection of display label from user preferences
delimiter= SF
Put text: before, after, between, starting, ending, if empty OWF
MW
Link style
Whole table
Multiple
For template
Single
SF
and form tabel
Left
Right , class= SF for forms
Cell Row
MW
Additional content
OWF
#arraymap/list
SF
User can enter sorted list as comma-delimited
SMW
:Lens
:classLensDomain
:subClassOf
:subPropertyOf
Cascading Fresnel only
:showProperties
:hideProperties
:showProperties rdf:List
:mergeProperties
:alternateProperties
Property
Category
Data display table/template
Form for data entry
Clicking to new pages leads to given form for data entry
Property:
MW
MW
Category:...
, also: [[Category:...]] in template
Template:... MW (if domain)
SF
Form:... (if domain)
[[Has default form::...]] on category SF
Check box to assign classes if not domain OWF
MW
[[Category:...]] on category page
OWF
Nested form access
SMW
[[Subproperty of::...]] on property page
Grouped together on forms and templates by default OWF
Asssign property in template
UnOWF
Sort properties in template
Recognized in wiki data
system as
Wiki and queries recognize as subcategory
Queries using property also recognize superproperties
OWF
Properties in template and
forms are
Template row queries multiple properties for one display
SF
autocomplete on category=... SF
[[Has default form::...]] on property SF
:hasValue
[[Allows value::...]]
SMW
User selects from fixed values
Number
Entered and displayed as number
Date
Form for entering date components and displayed as date
Boolean
Select from two values
Shows as
:value
xsd:
Key
Equiv Chains
Semantic MediaWiki only
:inverseOf
:SymmetricProperty
:TransitiveProperty
:sameAs
:EquivalentClass
:EquivalentProperty
:FunctionalProperty
:InverseFunctionalProperty
:hasKey
:externalLink
:image
:uri
URL
Linked URL text MW
Image MW
SMW
String
Unlinked URL text
Geographic coordinate, Code, Temperature
Image itself appears directly
Proper entry and display for given data type
Template also shows
In separate inverse property
incoming links
With same property
Template shows all pages in chain with property
Inverse property query SMW
Chained query or assignment SMW
All data and content put on unified page on wiki
Data entry prevents duplication of keys
#forminput: SF
OWF
OWF
Form for new member of
class has prefilled values
User cannot change value
current user as property value
Values
owl:
restricted SF
:DataRange w/ :oneOf
Values from muliiple properties display as if from one
Entered and displayed as unlinked string
String
[[Has type::...]] SMW
Literal
textual1
:language, date parts 2
numeric3
:gYear
:date(Time)
:time
:Boolean
:URI
Placed
Removed
Sorted
Pull down list shows current pages in target class(es)
Clicking to new pages leads to given form for data entry
Entered as wiki page name
Links to wiki page
Page
owl:ObjectProperty
owl:DataProperty
owl:AnnotationProperty
Cascading Fresnel only
[[Allows value::...]] SMW
Helps user register self
User selects from fixed values
:allValuesFrom
autocomplete on category=…
:someValuesFrom
=1
max
#arraymap/list
SF
SF
Pull down list shows current pages in target class(es)
repeated fields SF
by default
min
Cardinality
Ontology (2ary level)
Source URI (2ary level)
New sublevel
OWF
, Label on form & template
CSS
Text
CSS
rdf:
:label
Psuedo-classes
:containerStyle
:resourceStyle
:propertyStyle
:labelStyle
:valueStyle
for :showProperties entry
:member
:Class
:sub:domain
rdfs:
OWF
Loaded as part of ontology to process
OWF
Link from page for property or category
Class
:range value is
Secondary prefix for class and property page names
Namespace (2ary level)
Form and template for
general properties from ... Top level form and template
OWF
rdfs:seeAlso
Fragment identifier
rdfs:label
skos:prefLabel
rdfs:comment
xml:lang
Default Frensel
Delimiters
Cascading Fresnel
:Property
RDFS-Plus
Description
Ontology URI's used in RDF export
Each gets own template and form
for domainless properties
owl:imports
Default w/o
:range
MediaWiki and extensions
[[EquivalentURI::...]] SMW
[[Imported from::...]] SMW
Wiki page name prefixes MW
Page
Foundation
URIs
Namespace
mandatory
by default not

by default not


SF
User must enter something
User must enter exactly one
User cannot enter more than one
User can enter more than one
User must enter at least given number
User can enter any number without restrictions
Class
Pulldown shows pages from Any of the classes
Class intersection
In range
>1
min

Default

Single class
autocomplete on category=... SF
Union of classes
Multiple classes
autocomplete SF
Disjointness
Unique name assumption for wiki page names SMW
MW
SMW
SF
OWF
Status:
Implemented
Planned or under development
Priority
Tools:
MediaWiki,
Semantic MediaWiki, Semantic Forms,
OWF-only
1
2
:string, :normalizeString, :XMLLiteral, :Name, :token, :NMTOKEN, :NCName
:gYearMonth, :gMonthDay, :gDay, :gMonth
3
:double, :float, :int, :integer, :long, :short, :negativeInteger, :positiveInteger, :nonPositiveInteger, :nonNegativeInteger, :unsignedLong, :unsignedInt, :unsignedShort
Set
Key
OWL Wiki Forms: Feature table
Whole
Pagina 37

38. OWL Wiki Forms: Web foundation
Ontology
Fresnel
Whole
Foundation
URIs
Namespace
owl:Thing
owl:Ontology
rdfs:isDefinedBy
Text
owl:imports
rdfs:seeAlso
Fragment identifier
rdfs:label
skos:prefLabel
rdfs:comment
xml:lang
Default Frensel
Delimiters
Cascading Fresnel
Each gets own template and form
for domainless properties OWF
Description
Ontology URI's used in RDF export
Secondary prefix for class and property page names
Namespace (2ary level)
Form and template for
general properties from ... Top level form and template
Wiki page name
namespace has levels
Ontology (2ary level)
Source URI (2ary level)
New sublevel
Loaded as part of ontology to process OWF
OWF
Link from page for property or category
:label
Pagename
MW
, Label on form & template
OWF
OWF
OWF
Labels for property and class on templates and forms
Pagina 38
Cell Row
CSS MW
Shows description
Mouseover on label
, content on page
Selection of display label from user preferences
Adapts language to user
SF
delimiter=
Additional content
Put text: before, after, between, starting, ending, if empty OWF
Psuedo-classes
Link style MW
:containerStyle
Whole table
:resourceStyle
Multiple
For template
:propertyStyle
Single
SF
and form tabel
:labelStyle
Left
:valueStyle
Right , class= SF for forms
Status:
Implemented
Planned or under development
Priority
Tools: MW MediaWiki, SMW Semantic MediaWiki, SF Semantic Forms, OWF OWF-only
1
2
:string, :normalizeString, :XMLLiteral, :Name, :token, :NMTOKEN, :NCName
:gYearMonth, :gMonthDay, :gDay, :gMonth
3
:double, :float, :int, :integer, :long, :short, :negativeInteger, :positiveInteger, :nonPositiveInteger, :nonNegativeInteger, :unsignedLong, :unsignedInt, :unsignedShort
CSS
Key
:allProperties
:hideProperties
MediaWiki and extensions
[[EquivalentURI::...]] SMW
[[Imported from::...]] SMW
Wiki page name prefixes MW

39. OWL Wiki Forms: RDF & RDFS
Containers
Fresnel
for :showProperties entry
:member
:Lens
:Class
:sub:domain
#arraymap/list
Description
User can enter sorted list as comma-delimited
SMW
:Property
:classLensDomain
:subClassOf
:subPropertyOf
Cascading Fresnel only
:showProperties
:hideProperties
:showProperties rdf:List
:mergeProperties
:alternateProperties
Property:
MW
MW
Category:...
, also: [[Category:...]] in template
MW
Template:...
(if domain)
Form:... SF (if domain)
[[Has default form::...]] on category SF
OWF
Check box to assign classes if not domain
MW
[[Category:...]] on category page
Nested form access OWF
[[Subproperty of::...]] on property page SMW
OWF
Grouped together on forms and templates by default
Asssign property in template
UnSort properties in template OWF
OWF
Template row queries multiple properties for one display
:value
xsd:
:externalLink
:image
:uri
Queries using property also recognize superproperties
SF
Placed
Removed
Sorted
Values from muliiple properties display as if from one
Entered and displayed as unlinked string
String
[[Has type::...]] SMW
Literal
textual1
:language, date parts 2
3
numeric
:gYear
:date(Time)
:time
:Boolean
:URI
[[Allows value::...]] SMW
User selects from fixed values
Number
Entered and displayed as number
Date
Form for entering date components and displayed as date
Boolean
Select from two values
URL
Shows as
rdfs:
:range value is
Page
owl:ObjectProperty
owl:DataProperty
owl:AnnotationProperty
Wiki and queries recognize as subcategory
Pull down list shows current pages in target class(es)
Clicking to new pages leads to given form for data entry
Entered as wiki page name
Links to wiki page
autocomplete on category=...
SF
[[Has default form::...]] on property
Class
Property
Category
Data display table/template
Form for data entry
Clicking to new pages leads to given form for data entry
Recognized in wiki data
system as
Properties in template and
forms are
SF
Default w/o
:range
Linked URL text
MW
Image itself appears directly
Image MW
SMW
String
Unlinked URL text
Semantic MediaWiki only
Geographic coordinate, Code, Temperature
Proper entry and display for given data type
Status:
Implemented
Planned or under development
Priority
Tools: MW MediaWiki, SMW Semantic MediaWiki, SF Semantic Forms, OWF OWF-only
1
2
:string, :normalizeString, :XMLLiteral, :Name, :token, :NMTOKEN, :NCName
:gYearMonth, :gMonthDay, :gDay, :gMonth
Pagina 39
3
:double, :float, :int, :integer, :long, :short, :negativeInteger, :positiveInteger, :nonPositiveInteger, :nonNegativeInteger, :unsignedLong, :unsignedInt, :unsignedShort
Cascading Fresnel only
Key
MediaWiki and extensions
SF
Page
rdf:
Ontology

40. Equiv Chains
Key
RDFS-Plus
OWL Wiki Forms: OWL
Ontology
:inverseOf
:SymmetricProperty
:TransitiveProperty
:sameAs
:EquivalentClass
:EquivalentProperty
:FunctionalProperty
:InverseFunctionalProperty
:hasKey
:hasValue
MediaWiki and extensions
Inverse property query SMW
Chained query or assignment
Values
owl:
OWF
Data entry prevents duplication of keys OWF
#forminput: SF
Form for new member of
class has prefilled values
User cannot change value
current user as property value
SF
[[Allows value::...]] SMW
User selects from fixed values
autocomplete on category=… SF
=1
>1
In range
min
Default
Single class
Union of classes
Multiple classes
Disjointness
Status:
Implemented
Pull down list shows current pages in target class(es)
repeated fields
SF
mandatory
by default not


max
Cardinality
#arraymap/list
SF
by default
min
Set
Helps user register self
:allValuesFrom
:someValuesFrom
Key
SMW
All data and content put on unified page on wiki
restricted
:DataRange w/ :oneOf
Description
Template also shows
In separate inverse property
incoming links
With same property
Template shows all pages in chain with property
by default not



autocomplete on category=...
SF
SF
User must enter something
User must enter exactly one
User cannot enter more than one
User can enter more than one
User must enter at least given number
User can enter any number without restrictions
Class
Pulldown shows pages from Any of the classes
Class intersection
autocomplete SF
Unique name assumption for wiki page names SMW
Plan
Priority
Tools: MW MediaWiki, SMW Semantic MediaWiki, SF Semantic Forms, OWF OWF-only
Pagina 40

41. Conclusion
•
Semantic MediaWiki
–
–
Export to Semantic Web
–
•
Puts data processing in Wikipedia-like wiki
Mature, stable, very widely-used
Semantic Forms
–
–
Assisted form-based data input
–
•
Semantic MediaWiki extension
Mature, stable, pretty widely-used
OWL Wiki Forms
–
New research tool
–
Explores tightening Semantic Forms link
with underlying Semantic Web ontologies
41