Wen-Chin Li Research Background

Dr. Wen-Chin Li PhD C.ErgHF
Senior Lecturer, Safety and Accident Investigation Centre,
Air Transport Department, Cranfield University, United Kingdom
Chartered Ergonomist and Human Factors Specialist
E-mail: wenchin.li@cranfield.ac.uk
Tel: +44 (0)1234 758527
I. ResearchTopics
1. Flight Deck Design: To provide an understanding of Human Factors issues associated with the
design of modern, highly automated aircraft cockpit related to the Acceptable Means of
Compliance (AMC) of EASA CS-25 1302, Design Considerations and Guidance of flight deck.
The main topics are including Flight Deck Design and Cockpit Ergonomics; Principles of
Design Considerations; Displays and Situational Awareness in the Cockpit; Cockpit layout and
Control. The apparatus include Flight Simulator, Eye Tracker and Slingsby Aircraft.
2. Training and Simulation in Aviation: To provide the knowledge and skills necessary for the
evaluation of pilots’ training from an applied and theoretical perspective. It is to illustrate the
role of simulation in the work setting, especially as it relates to simulator training in aviation
domain. The main topics are including Aviation Human Factors Training; Aeronautical
Decision-making Training; Training and Evaluation; Analysis of Training Needs; and
developing Training Syllabus.
3. Safety and Accident Investigation: To provide the recommendations for processing safety and
accident investigation. It is considered as an objective and scientific method from notification
and disaster response through evidence collection and analysis to the preparation of a final report
and recommendations for change. The main topics are including Investigation as it relates to
safety management systems; Operations / Systems / Engineering investigations; Design and
crashworthiness; Human factors in flight operations; Analytical methods and Cross-cultural
issues in accident investigation.
II. Publication Lists
Journal Article
4. Yu, C-S., Wang, E. M., Li, W-C., Braithwaite, G. & Greaves, M. (accepted). Pilots’ Visual
Scan Pattern and Attention Distribution during the Pursuit of a Dynamic Target. Aerospace
Medicine and Human Performance.
5. Li, W-C., Li, L-W, Harris, D., and & Hsu, Y-L. (2014). The Application of Aeronautical
Decision-making Support Systems for Improving Pilots’ Performance in Flight Operations.
Journal of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation, 46(2), 114-123.
6. Yu, C-S., Wang, E. M., Li, W-C. & Braithwaite, G. (2014). Pilots’ Visual Scan Pattern and

Situation Awareness in Flight Operations. Aviation Space Environmental Medicine, 85 (7),
708-714.
7. Li, W-C., & Greaves, M. (2014). Pilots in Automated Cockpits: A Causal Factor in Accidents
or the Last Line of Defense. The Ergonomist, 523, 16-18.
8. Li, W-C., & Harris, D. (2013). The identification of training deficiencies in pilots by applying
the human factors analysis and classification system. International Journal of Occupational
Safety and Ergonomics, 19(1), 1-16.
9. Li, W-C., Young, H-T., Wang, T., & Harris, D. (2012). Understanding Pilots’ Cognitive
Processes for Making In-flight Decisions under Stress. ISASI Forum- Air Safety through
Investigation, 45(3), 16-21.
10. Li, W-C. (2011). The casual factors of aviation accidents related to decision errors in the
cockpit by system approach. Journal of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation, 43(3), 147-
154.
11. Harris, D., & Li, W-C. (2011). An extension of the human factors analysis and classification
system for use in open systems. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 39(1), 108-128.
12. Li, W-C., Harris, D., N. Stanton, Hsu, Y.L., Chang, D., Wang, T., & Young, H-T. (2010). Using
HET Taxonomy to Help Stop Human Error. ISASI Forum- Air Safety through Investigation,
43(3), 5-10.
13. Li, W-C. (2010). The analysis of human errors in a large commercial aircraft when performing
a go-around. Journal of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation, 42(1), 37-46.
14. Hsu, Y.L., Li, W-C., & Chen, K.W. (2010). Structuring critical success factors of airline safety
management system using a hybrid model. Transportation Research Part E, 46, 222-235.
15. Li, W-C., Young, H.T., Wang, T., Harris, D., & Li, L-W. (2009). Approaches of aviation
accident investigation in different cultural contexts from human factors perspectives. Journal
of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation, 41(1), 53-59.
16. Li, W-C., Young, H-T., Wang, T., & Harris, D. (2009). Do cultural characteristics affect
investigation? ISASI Forum- Air Safety through Investigation, 42(2), 9-14.
17. Li, W-C., & Harris, D. (2008). The evaluation of the effect of a short aeronautical decision-
making training program for military pilots. International Journal of Aviation Psychology,
18(2), 135-152.
18. Li, W-C., Harris, D., & Yu, C.S. (2008). Routes to failure: Analysis of 41 civil aviation
accidents from the Republic of China using the human factors analysis and classification
system. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 40,426-434.
19. Harris, D., & Li, W-C. (2008). Cockpit design and cross-cultural issues underlying failures in
crew resource management. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 79(5), 537-538.
20. Li, W-C., Harris, D., & Chen, A. (2007). Eastern minds in western cockpits: Meta-analysis of
human factors in mishaps from three nations. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 78
(4), 420-425.

21. Li, W-C., Young, H-T., Wang, T., & Harris, D. (2007). International cooperation and
challenges: Understanding cross-cultural issues in the processes of accident investigation.
ISASI Forum- Air Safety through Investigation, 40 (4), 16-21.
22. Li, W-C., & Harris, D. (2007). A systems approach to training aeronautical decision-making:
From identifying training needs to verifying training solutions. The Aeronautical Journal, 111,
267-279.
23. Li, W-C., & Harris, D. (2006). The evaluation of the decision making processes employed by
cadet pilots following a short aeronautical decision-making training program. International
Journal of Applied Aviation Studies, 6(2), 315-333.
24. Li, W-C., & Harris, D. (2006). Pilot error and its relationship with higher organizational
levels: HFACS analysis of 523 accidents. Aviation Space Environmental Medicine, 77(10),
1056-1061.
25. Li, W-C., & Harris, D. (2006). Where safety culture meets national culture: The how and why
of the China Airlines CI-611 accident. International Journal of Human Factors and Aerospace
Safety, 5(4), 345-353.
26. Li, W-C., & Harris, D. (2005). Aeronautical decision-making: Instructor-pilot evaluation of
five mnemonic methods. Aviation Space Environmental Medicine, 76 (12), 1156-1161.
27. Li, W-C., & Harris, D. (2005). HFACS analysis of ROC air force aviation accidents:
Reliability analysis and cross-cultural comparison. International Journal of Applied Aviation
Studies, 5(1), 65-81.
Conference Papers
1. Li, W-C., Yu, C-S., Braithwaite, G. & Greaves, M. (Accepted). Interface Design and Pilot’s
Attention Distribution during Pursuing a Dynamic Target. 17th International Conference on
Human Computer Interaction, Los Angeles, U.S.A.
2. Li, W-C., Yu, C-S., Greaves, M. & Braithwaite, G. (Accepted). How Cockpit Design Impact on
Pilot’s Attention Distribution during Aiming a Stationary Target. 6th International Conference
on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics, Las Vegas, U.S.A.
3. Li, W-C., Yu, C-S., Braithwaite, G. & Greaves, M. (2015). The Analysis of Pilots Fixation
Distribution for Performing Air-to-Air and Air-to-Surface Tasks. 2015 Ergonomics and
Human Factors Annual Conference, Daventry, United Kingdom.
4. Li, W-C., Yu, C-S., Li, L-W. & Greaves, M. (2014). Pilots’ Eye Movement Patterns during
Performing Air-to-Air Mission. Proceeding of 31th Conference of the European Association
for Aviation Psychology, Valletta, Malta.
5. Li, W-C., Braithwaite, G. & Yu, C-S. (2014). The Investigation of Pilots’ Scan Patterns on the
Flight Deck during Air-to-Surface. 16th International Conference on Human Computer
Interaction, Crete, Greece.
6. Li, W-C. (2014). The Analysis of Incidents Related to Automation Failures and Human
Factors in Flight Operation. 2014 Ergonomics and Human Factors: Designing for People

through Research and Practice, Southampton, United Kingdom.
7. Li, W-C., Chiu, F-C., Kuo. Y-S. & Wu, K-J. (2013). The Investigation of Visual Attention and
Workload by Experts and Novices in the Cockpit. 15th International Conference on Human
Computer Interaction, Las Vegas, U.S.A.
8. Chen, J-C., Chi, C-F. & Li, W-C. (2013).The Analysis of Safety Recommendation and Human
Error Prevention Strategies in Flight Operations. 15th International Conference on Human
Computer Interaction, Las Vegas, U.S.A.
9. Hsu, Y-L., Li, W-C. & Tang, C-H. (2013). The Use of Eye Tracking in the Study of Airline
Cabin Safety Communication. 15th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction,
Las Vegas, U.S.A.
10. Liu, S-Y, Chi, C-F & Li, W-C. (2013). The Application of Human Factors Analysis and
Classification System to Investigate Human Errors In Helicopter Accidents. 15th International
Conference on Human Computer Interaction, Las Vegas, U.S.A.
11. Li, W-C., Chiu, F.C., & Wu, K.J. (2012). The investigation of pilots’ performance and mental
workload by eye Movement. Proceeding of 30th Conference of the European Association for
Aviation Psychology, Sardinia, Italy.
12. Li, W-C., Harris, D., Hsu, Y-L., & Wang, T. (2011). Understanding pilots’ cognitive processes
for making in-flight decisions under stress. 42nd International Society of Air Safety
Investigators Conference, Salt Lake City, U.S.A.
13. Li, W-C., Harris, D., Hsu, Y-L., & Wang, T. (2011). The development of flight stress evaluation
instruments for military pilots. 14th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction,
Orlando, U.S.A.
14. Li, W-C., Harris, D., Li, L-W., D., Hsu, Y-L, & Wang, T. (2010). The investigation of
accidents related to aeronautical decision-making in flight operation. 41st International
Society of Air Safety Investigators Conference, Sapporo, Japan.
15. Li, W-C., Harris, D., Li, L-W., Hsu, Y-L, Wang, T., & Chang, D. (2010). Pilots’ Problem-
solving processes using different aeronautical decision-making mnemonics. Proceeding of
29th Conference of the European Association for Aviation Psychology, Budapest, Hungary.
16. Li, W-C., Harris, D., Stanton, N, Chang, D., Wang, T., & Young, H.T. (2009). Human error
prevention: Acceptable means of compliance with the new human factors certification
requirement for large transport aircraft (EASA CS-25). 40th International Society of Air
Safety Investigators Conference, Orlando, U.S.A.
17. Li, W-C., Harris, D., Hsu, Y-L., & Li, L-W. (2009). The application of human error template
(HET) for redesigning standard operational procedures in aviation operations. 13th
International Conference on Human Computer Interaction, San Diego, U.S.A.
18. Li, W-C., Hsu, Y-L., Chang, D., Wang, T, & Harris, D. (2009). Formal error prediction: The
evaluation of standard operating procedures in a large commercial transport aircraft. 13th Air
Transport Research Society World Conference, Abu Dhabi.

19. Li, W-C., Harris, D., Li, L-W., & Wang, T. (2009). The differences of aviation human factors
between individualism and collectivism culture. 13th International Conference on Human
Computer Interaction, San Diego, U.S.A.
20. Harris, D., & Li, W-C. (2009). Cultural determinants of error on the flight deck. 13th
International Conference on Human Computer Interaction, San Diego, U.S.A.
21. Li, W-C., Young, H.T., Wang, T., & Harris, D. (2008). The art and the science: Approaches of
accident investigation in different cultural contexts. 39th International Society of Air Safety
Investigators Conference, Halifax, Canada.
22. Li, W-C., Hung-Jen Wang., & Li, L-W. (2008). The differences of flight operations in creative
contexts between femininity and masculinity culture. Engendering Leadership Conference,
University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
23. Hsu, Y-L., & Li, W-C. (2008). Structuring critical success factors related to airline cabin
safety. 12th Air Transport Research Society World Conference, Athens, Greece.
24. Li, W-C., Young, H.T., Wang, T., & Harris, D. (2007). International cooperation and
challenges: Understanding cross-cultural issues in the processes of accident investigation.
38th International Society of Air Safety Investigators Conference: International Cooperation
and Challenge, Singapore (The Award of Excellence for the Best Seminar Paper).
25. Li, W-C., & Harris, D. (2007). Confucian in western cockpit: The investigation of long-term
versus short-term orientation culture and aviation accidents. The second International Human
Computer Interaction Conference, Beijing.
26. Li, W-C., & Harris, D. (2007). The investigation of human error in civil aviation by using
human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS). 51st Conference of Human Factors
and Ergonomics Society, Baltimore, U.S.A.
27. Li, W-C., Harris, D., & Yu, C.S. (2007). How to apply mnemonic-methods for improving
pilot’s in-flight decision-making. In Mosier, K. (Editor), 8th International Conference on
Naturalistic Decision-making, Pacific Grove, U.S.A. (This paper was the Human Factors
and Ergonomics Society Aerospace Systems Technical Group Award Winner).
28. Li, W-C., & Harris, D. (2006). Breaking the chain: An empirical analysis of accident causal
factors by human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS). In Stewart, J. (Editor),
37th International Society of Air Safety Investigators Conference: Incidents to Accidents,
Breaking the Chain, Cancun, Mexico.
29. Li, W- C., & Harris, D. (2006). Eastern minds in western cockpits: A cross-cultural
comparison of aviation mishaps by applying human factors analysis and classification system
(HFACS). Myers, J. 77th Annual Scientific Meeting: Spread the World... Share the Science,
Orlando, U.S.A.
30. Li, W-C., & Harris, D. (2006). The evaluation of efficacy of aeronautical decision-making
training in a tactical environment. In Daanen, H. (Editor), 16th World Congress on
Ergonomics, Maastricht, Netherlands.

31. Li, W-C., & Harris, D. (2006). SHOR and DESIDE: Evaluating the effectiveness of ADM
training using a flight simulator. 50th Conference of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,
San Francisco, USA. (The Award of Best paper for the Technical Training Group).
32. Li, W-C., Harris, D., & Shih, C.C. (2006). Aeronautical decision-making (ADM) Training: The
investigation of efficiency of ADM mnemonics in tactical situations. 13th Annual Meeting
Ergonomics Society of Taiwan - Universal Human Technology: Interfacing Welfare and
Design, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
33. Li, W-C., Harris, D., & Shih, C.C. (2006). The evaluation of product and process for in-flight
decision-making training. Proceeding of 27th Conference of the European Association for
Aviation Psychology: Accomplishments and Future Challenges, Berlin, Germany.
34. Li, W-C., Harris, D., & Yu, C.S. (2005). The identification of training needs for developing
aeronautical decision-making training programs for military pilots. In Jensen, R.S. (Editor),
13th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Oklahoma City, U.S.A.
35. Li, W-C., Harris, D., & Yu, C.S. (2005). The investigation of suitability of aeronautical
decision-making mnemonics in tactical environments. Proceeding of Human Factors and
Ergonomics Society 49th Annual Meeting, Orlando, U.S.A. (This paper was awarded the Best
Paper prize of Training Group at the 2005 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
Conference).
36. Li, W-C., Harris, D., & Yu, C.S. (2005). The investigation of aeronautical decision-making
training acronyms between experts and novices. In Patankar, M.S. (Editor), The Second
Conference of Safety Across High-Consequence Industries, Saint Louis, U.S.A.
III. Chair of Conference Sessions
1. Chairman of Human Factors in Flight Operations Session, 16th International Conference on
Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics 2014, Crete, Greece.
2. Chairman of Human Performance in Aviation Session on the 31st conference of European
Association for Aviation Psychology 2014, Malta.
3. Chairman of Human Factors in Flight Operations Session, 15th International Conference on
Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics 2013, Las Vegas, USA.
4. Chairman of Developing Aviation Operator Selection Strategies Session on the 30th conference
of European Association for Aviation Psychology 2012, Italy.
5. Chairman of Human Factors Section on the Conference of Crisis Management Society 2011,
Taiwan.
Taiwan.
Taiwan.

8. Chairman of Human Factors and Aviation Safety Session of the 8th International Conference
on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics (2009), San Diego, USA.
9. Chairman of Aviation Psychology Section on the Conference of Chinese Psychology Society
2008, Taiwan.
10. Chairman of Construction and Industry Safety Session for 51st Conference of Human Factors
and Ergonomics Society 2007, Baltimore, USA.
11. Chairman of Military Psychology Section on the Conference of Chinese Psychology Society
2007, Taiwan.
12. Chairman of Training Session for 50th Conference of Human Factors and Ergonomics
Society 2006, San Francisco, USA.
IV. Book and Book Chapters
1. Harris, D. & Li, WC (2015). Aeronautical Decision-making. Surrey: Ashgate.
2. Li, W-C, Chiu, F-C., Kuo, Y-S. & Wu, K-J. (2013). The Investigation of Visual Attention and
Workload by Experts and Novices in the Cockpit. In: Engineering Psychology and Cognitive
Ergonomics: Applications and Services. Harris D (ed.), Berlin: Springer, p. 167-176.
3. Chen, J-C., Chi, C-F. & Li, W-C. (2013). The Analysis of Safety Recommendation and Human
Error Prevention Strategies in Flight Operations. In: Engineering Psychology and Cognitive
Ergonomics: Applications and Services. Harris D (ed.), Berlin: Springer, p. 75-84.
4. Hsu, Y-L., Li, W-C. & Tang, C-H. (2013). The Use of Eye Tracking in the Study of Airline
Cabin Safety Communication. In: Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics:
Applications and Services.. Harris D (ed.), Berlin: Springer, p. 134-143.
5. Liu, S-Y, Chi, C-F & Li, W-C. (2013). The Application of Human Factors Analysis and
Classification System to Investigate Human Errors In Helicopter Accidents. In: Engineering
Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: Applications and Services.. Harris D (ed.), Berlin:
Springer, p. 85-92.
6. Harris, D. & Li, WC (2011). Error on the Flight Deck: Interfaces, Organizations, and Culture.
In: The Handbook of Human-Machine Interaction: A Human-Centered Design Approach. Boy
GA (ed.), Surrey: Ashgate, p. 399-416.
7. Li, W-C., Harris, D., Li, L-W. & Wang, T. (2009). The differences of aviation human factors
between individualism and collectivism culture. In: Human-Computer Interaction. Interacting
in Various Application Domains. Jacko JA (ed.), Berlin: Springer, p. 723-730.
8. Li, W-C. & Harris, D. (2007). Confucius in Western Cockpits: The Investigation of Long-
Term Versus Short-Term Orientation Culture and Aviation Accidents. In: Engineering
Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics. Harris D (ed.), Berlin: Springer, p. 716-722.

V. Professional Committee
1. Program Board of the 2015 International Conference on Engineering Psychology and
Cognitive Ergonomics, Los Angeles, USA.
2. Technical Committee on HCI-Aero 2014, Automation Integration and Function Allocation of
the International Ergonomics Association, California, USA.
Cognitive Ergonomics, Crete, Greece.
Cognitive Ergonomics, Las Vegas, USA.
5. Editorial Board of Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors, European Association
for Aviation Psychology.
6. Editorial Board of International Journal of Aviation Technology, Engineering and
Management.
7. Technical Committee on Aerospace Human Factors and Ergonomics of the International
Ergonomics Association, Toulouse, France.
8. Scientific committee for Engineering Psychology and Human Factors, the 30th International
Congress of Psychology, Cape Town, South African.
Cognitive Ergonomics, Orlando, USA.
10. Board of Technical Committee, 41st International Society of Air Safety Investigators
Conference, Sapporo, Japan.
11. Chairman of Transportation Technology Committee on the Conference of Crisis Management
Society, Taiwan.
Cognitive Ergonomics, San Diego, USA.
VI. Granted ResearchProject
1. Principal Investigator, Pilots’ Attention Distribution and Situation Awareness in Flight
Operations (2011-2014), National Defense Industrial Foundation.
2. Principal Investigator, The Training and Evaluation in Military Aviation (2012-2013), Human
Resources Planning Division of Ministry of Defense.
3. Principal Investigator, The Application of Human Factors Analysis and Classification
System to develop Accident Prevention Strategies (2011-2012), National Science
Council.
4. Principal Investigator, The Development of Checklist of Human Factors Analysis and
Classification System for Accident Investigation of Military Aviation (ROCAF-HFACS)

(2011-2012), Human Resources Planning Division of Ministry of Defense.
5. Principal Investigator, The Development of Operational Fatigue Risk Management (FRM) and
Aviation Human Factors Training for Pilots (2010-2013), National Defense Industrial
Foundation.
6. Principal Investigator, The Development of Checklist of Human Factors Analysis and
Classification System for Aviation Safety Council (ASC-HFACS) (2010-2012), Aviation
Safety Council.
7. Principal Investigator, The Development of Stress Management Training Programs for Military
Pilots to Improve Aviation Safety (2010-2011), Human Resources Planning Division of
Ministry of Defense.
8. Principal Investigator, The Development of Subjective and Objective Evaluation Methods for
Operational Stress in Aviation (2009-2010), Human Resources Planning Division of Ministry
of Defense.
9. Principal Investigator, Human Error Prevention: Acceptable Means of Compliance with the
New Human Factors Certification Requirement (2009-2011), Aviation Safety Council.
10. Principal Investigator, The Development of Aeronautical Decision-making Training Programs
for Civil Airlines Pilots (2008-2010), Aviation Safety Council.
11. Principal Investigator, The Investigation of Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
in Accident Investigation from Cross-cultural Perspective for Promoting Accident Prevention
Strategies (2007-2010), National Science Council.
12. Principal Investigator, The Identification of Training Needs, Developing a Training Program,
and Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Training Intervention (2002-2006), Human Resources
Planning Division of Ministry of Defense.
13. Co-Investigator, The Study of Aeronautical Decision Making in the Cockpit to Enhance
Aviation Safety (2002-2003), National Science Council.
14. Co-Investigator, The Study of Accidents in the Air Force from Human Factors Perspectives
(2001-2002), National Science Council.
15. Co-Investigator, The Study of Human Factors in Aviation Safety and Accidents Prevention
Strategies from Cockpit Resources Management Perspective (2000-2001), National Science
Council.

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