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Mob. :- 01017238866 01225837818

2
am – is – are – was – were
amI
isHe/she/ it
areWe / you / they
wasI / he / she / it
wereWe / you / they
Ex.
I'm a teacher.
They are students.
Hany was a student last year.
Do / does / did
doI / they / we / you
doesHe / she / it
didI / he / she / it / they / you / we
Did you do your homework yesterday?
Have / has / had
havewe / youI / they /
hasHe / she / it
hadI / he / she / it / they / you / we
Ex
I have a car.
Ahmed has three sisters.
Mona and Mohammed have a computer.
Best regards**** Tamer Saad
ً‫يفؼ‬doverb to
‫يّزٍه‬ ٚ‫ا‬ ‫يٍّه‬haveverb to
ْٛ‫يى‬beverb to

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-Form:
‫األوه‬ ‫اىحصشَف‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫اىفؼو‬V1‫بئضافة‬s‫او‬es‫اىَفشد‬ ‫ضَائش‬ ‫ٍغ‬ ‫اسحخذاٍه‬ ‫ػْذ‬
He, she, it, Ahmed, Mona, cat………
‫َضاف‬es‫بـــــــ‬ ‫اىَْحهُة‬ ‫األفؼاه‬ ً‫إى‬x – ss – sh – ch – o
go………………….he goes cross…………………..Salwa crosses
‫َضاف‬S‫اىسابقة‬ ‫اىْهاَات‬ ‫ػذا‬ ‫ّهاَة‬ ٌ‫بأ‬ ‫اىَْحهُة‬ ‫األفؼاه‬ ً‫اى‬
Play ……………….he plays write…………………Mariam writes
-Key words:
every… (day – week –month – hour....)*usually*always *sometimes*often
-Uses:
‫ػادات‬habits
Ahmed walks to school every day.
‫حقائق‬Facts
The earth goes round the sun.
-Q. and negative :
‫بـــ‬ ‫اىبسُط‬ ‫اىَضاسع‬ ٍِ‫ص‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫اىسؤاه‬ ‫َبذأ‬Does‫ٍفشد‬ ‫اىجَية‬ ‫فاػو‬ ُ‫ما‬ ‫ارا‬
The earth goes round the sun.
Does the earth go round the sun?
Yes, it does. No, it does not.
The sun rises in the east.
Where does the sun rise?
In the east .
‫حزف‬ ٌ‫َح‬s‫و‬esً‫االساس‬ ‫اىفؼو‬ ‫ّهاَة‬ ٍِ
‫بــــ‬ ‫اىسؤاه‬ ‫َبذأ‬Do‫اىفاػو‬ ُ‫ما‬ ‫ارا‬I - They - We - You
Hisham and Ihab play football every day.
Do Hisham and Ihab play football every day?
Yes, they do. No, they do not .
I promise…..I apologize…….I advice…….I insist…..…I agree
ٍْ‫أالص‬‫ــــــ‬‫ه‬Tenses in English
‫البسيط‬ ‫المضارع‬The present simple tense
Notice

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-Form:
ٍّ‫اىثا‬ ‫اىحصشَف‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫اىفؼو‬V 2
go …….….…went play……………..played
eat ….……….ate walk……..….…..walked
( ‫األفؼبي‬ ‫رصشيفبد‬ ‫****أظش‬regular and irregular)
-Key words:
Last…… (week – month – year - ) * Yesterday * ago
-Uses:
. ً‫اىَاض‬ ٍِ‫ص‬ ً‫ف‬ ً‫واّحه‬ ‫وقغ‬ ‫حذخ‬ ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ىيحؼبُش‬ ً‫َسحخذ‬
Hany played football yesterday.
I traveled to France last month.
The police stopped me on my way home last night.
I was angry because they were late.
-ve :Q. and negati
‫بـ‬ ‫اىبسُط‬ ٍ‫اىَاض‬ ٍِ‫ص‬ ٍ‫ف‬ ‫اىسؤاه‬ ‫َبذأ‬Did. ً‫االساس‬ ‫اىجَية‬ ‫فؼو‬ ٍِ ‫األوه‬ ‫باىحصشَف‬ ً‫وّأج‬
Hany played football yesterday.
What did Hany play yesterday?
He played football.
Football.
Did Hany play football yesterday?
Yes, he did.
Yes, he played football yesterday.
No, he did not.
No, he did not. He played basketball.
….. When do is the main verb in the sentence.
What did you do at the weekend? (not what did you at the weekend )
I did not do anything. ( not I did not anything )
‫الم‬‫اضى‬‫البسيط‬simple tensepastThe
Be careful

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-Form:
(am – is – are + V-ing )
-:wordsKey
(look - now – listen – at this moment )
-Uses:
ً‫َسحخذ‬ً‫اىنال‬ ‫وقث‬ ‫أثْاء‬ ‫َقغ‬ ‫حذخ‬ ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ىيحؼبُش‬ ‫اىَسحَش‬ ‫اىَضاسع‬ ٍِ‫ص‬
Mohamed is reading now.
‫اسحخذاٍه‬ ِ‫وََن‬when we talk about things happening in a period around now
For ex. Today / this week / this evening
Is Ahmed working this week?
No, he is on holiday.
……These verbs are not used in continuous tenses
-contain-remember-believe-understand-mean-know-prefer-need-want-hate-love-Like
taste-smell-hear-See-seem
-:enegativandQ.
Ahmed is reading now.
What is Ahmed doing now?
Is Ahmed reading now?
Yes, he is.
No, he is not.
ً‫اٌفبػ‬ ٍٝ‫ػ‬ ً‫اٌفؼ‬ ُ‫ثزمذي‬ ‫اٌغؤاي‬ ٓ‫رىٛي‬ ُ‫يز‬
‫إضبفخ‬ ُ‫يز‬ ‫اٌّغزّش‬ ‫اٌّضبسع‬ ِٓ‫ص‬ ٝ‫ف‬ing‫ػذا‬ ‫فيّب‬ ‫األفؼبي‬ ‫ٌجّيغ‬ ‫إٌٙبيخ‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ‫رضبف‬ ً‫ٌٍفؼ‬
‫ثـ‬ ‫إٌّزٙيخ‬ ‫األفؼبي‬e‫ٚإضبفخ‬ ‫دزفٙب‬ ُ‫يز‬ing
Hope…hoping * smile….smiling * dance….dancing
‫ػذا‬ ‫فيّب‬be…..being
‫األفؼبي‬‫إضبفخ‬ ً‫لج‬ ‫األخيش‬ ‫اٌذشف‬ ‫ِضبػفخ‬ ُ‫يز‬ ‫ِزذشن‬ ‫ثذشف‬ ‫ِغجٛق‬ ٓ‫عبو‬ ‫دشف‬ ‫ثـ‬ ‫إٌّزٙيخ‬ing
Stop…stopping * plan….planning * begin…beginning * prefer…preferring
visiting—it**vishappening—pen**hapningnbegi—gin.be................................................eNotic
Travel…..travelling ** cancel…..cancellingl..ll
‫المضارع‬‫ال‬‫مستمر‬uous tensenThe present conti
Be careful
Be careful

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-Form:
(was – were + V-ing )
-Key words:
(while ……………when)
-Uses:
ً‫َسحخذ‬ً‫اىَاض‬ ٍِ‫ص‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫ٍسحَشا‬ ُ‫ما‬ ‫حذخ‬ ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ىيحؼبُش‬ ‫اىَسحَش‬ ً‫اىَاض‬
I was watching television when the telephone rang.
‫ِغزّش‬ ٝ‫ِبض‬while‫ثغيظ‬ ٝ‫ِبض‬
** The past simple tense …………..…..while……………The past continuous tense **
The accident happened while I was playing tennis.
‫ثغيظ‬ ٝ‫ِبض‬when‫ِغزّش‬ ٝ‫ِبض‬
** The past continuous tense………..…when………..……….The past simple tense **
I was playing tennis when the accident happened.
-Q. and negative :
- They were eating when the telephone rang.
What were they doing when the telephone rang?
They were eating.
Were they eating when the telephone rang?
Yes, they were.
No, they were not. They were sleeping.
-I was watching TV when the telephone rang.
What were you doing when the telephone rang?
ً‫رذٛي‬ ُ‫يز‬I………………….…you
Was………..………..were
‫الم‬‫اضى‬‫المستمر‬The past continuous tense

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-Form:
(have – has + V 3 )
-Key words:
Just – already – yet - since – for - ever - never
.
-Uses:
ٝ‫ف‬ ‫اصش‬ ٌٗٚ ٝ‫اٌّبض‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ثذأ‬ ‫دذس‬ ٓ‫ػ‬ ‫ٌٍزؼجيش‬ َ‫يغزخذ‬ٌٝ‫اٌذب‬ ‫اٌٛلذ‬
He told me his name but I have forgotten it.
I can not find my bag. Have you seen it?
‫ثغيظ‬ ‫ٚلذ‬ ‫ِٕز‬…………..………………………………..just
Would you like something to eat? No, thanks .I have just had lunch.
xpected.……..……something happened sooner than eAlready
When is Hala going on holiday? She has already gone.
ْ‫اال‬ ٝ‫دز‬until now …………..……...………………..….…yet
I have written the letter but I have not posted it yet.
……….…..…two hours/five days/along time/50 years/agesFor
They have been married for ten years.
………...8 o clock/1977/Monday/12 May/April/lunchtimeSince
I have not seen Ahmed since Monday.
Spain.gone toHany is on away on holiday. He has
ٌٝ‫ا‬ ‫طشيمخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ٗٔ‫ا‬ ٚ‫ا‬ ْ‫اال‬ ‫ٕ٘بن‬ ‫ِٛجٛد‬ ٗٔ‫ا‬ ٕٝ‫رؼ‬‫اعجبٔيب‬gone to
Spain.been toHany is back home from holiday now. He has
...................ٖ‫عفش‬ ِٓ ‫ػبد‬ ٗٔ‫ٚا‬ ‫ِغبفش‬ ْ‫وب‬ ٗٔ‫ا‬ ٕٝ‫رؼ‬been to
**** We use the present perfect tense when we talk about a period of time that continues from the past
( ever/never )ntil now………………………u
َ‫رغزخذ‬ever‫اٌغؤاي‬ ‫في‬
-Have you ever eaten caviar?
َ‫ٚرغزخذ‬never‫إٌفي‬ ‫في‬
-We have never had a car.
Ahmed and Hala have known each other for along time.
…………………………………….…………….since they were at school.
How long have Ahmed and Hala known each other?
‫التام‬ ‫المضارع‬The present perfect tense
look

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-Form:
(Had + V3)
-Key words:
after as soon as
before by the time when
till until
-Uses:
‫اٌّبضي‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫اخش‬ ‫دذس‬ ً‫لج‬ ‫ٚلغ‬ ‫دذس‬ ٓ‫ػ‬ ‫ٌٍزؼجيش‬ َ‫اٌزب‬ ‫اٌّبضي‬ َ‫يغزخذ‬
past perfect tense……….. …….past simple tense
-I watched TV after I had finished my homework.
-He had breakfast as soon as he had washed his face.
past simple tense…………….…………past perfect tense
-I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
-When we arrived at the station, the train had left.
past perfect tensedidn't + inf.
.wasn't/weren't + P.P
-He didn't watch TV until he had done his homework.
-The car wasn't sold till he had repaired it.
-Q. and negative :
* Ahmed had finished his homework before he watched TV.
Had Ahmed finished his homework before he watched TV?
Yes, he had. No, he hadn't.
* I watched TV after I had finished my homework.
What did you do after you had finished your homework?
I watched TV.
‫الماضي‬‫التام‬erfect tenset pasThe p
After
As soon as
when
before
by the time
till
until

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.will + inf-(1)-Form:
-Key words:
Tomorrow, next(week, month, year…), in the future
-Uses:
Quick decisions:-1
-I'll turn on the TV.
-I'll close the window.
Prediction:-2
-I think next summer will be very hot.
Requests:-3
-Will you shut the door, please?
Offer:-4
-I will help you with the shopping bag.
Making arrangements:-5
-I will meet you tomorrow at 5 pm.
Threat:-6
-Give me the pen, or I will tell the teacher.
Promise:-7
-If you get the full mark, I will buy you a mobile phone.
Facts in the future:-8
-Next year, I will be 17 years old.
-Q. and negative :
- I will meet you tomorrow at 5 pm.
Will you meet me tomorrow at 5 pm?
-Yes, I will. (I'll) - No, I will not. (won't)
………………………………………………………………………..
(2)- [am/is/are + going to + inf.]
‫االحيو‬ ‫انحاالث‬ َ‫ف‬ ‫يسخخذو‬ *
1-‫شيئ‬ ‫نعًم‬ ‫اننيو‬ ً‫ا‬ ‫انًسبق‬ ‫انخخطيظ‬ ‫عنذ‬
-He is going to spend a week in Alexandria.
-I'm going to visit Ali tomorrow.
2-‫رنك‬ َ‫عه‬ ‫دنيم‬ ‫ًيٌجذ‬ ‫انحذًد‬ َ‫عه‬ ‫أًشكج‬ ‫أشياء‬
-Look at those black clouds! It's going to rain.
-I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick.
‫البسيط‬ ‫المستقبل‬tenseFuture SimpleThe

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f "I"Conditional
,If-1
will + V1( s, es ) He, She, ItV1
‫لبػذح‬ َ‫رغزخذ‬Ifً‫اٌّغزمج‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ً‫اٌفؼ‬ ‫دذٚس‬ ‫إِىبٔيخ‬ ٓ‫ػ‬ ‫ٌٍزؼجيش‬ ٌٝٚ‫األ‬
Ex.
If he works hard at school , he will find a good job. (he'll)
Ahmed will score a goal if he runs faster.
If ,
‫ششط‬ ‫جٛاة‬ ْٛ‫يى‬ifٗ‫ػٍّي‬ ‫دمبئك‬ ٓ‫ػ‬ ‫ٔزذذس‬ ‫ػٕذِب‬ ‫اٌجغيظ‬ ‫اٌّضبسع‬ ٝ‫ف‬
Ex.
If you boil water, it turns into steam.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
,If-2
‫لبػذح‬ َ‫رغزخذ‬If.‫اٌذذٚس‬ ‫ِذزٍّخ‬ ‫غيش‬ ‫األشيبء‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫اٌضبٔيخ‬
Ex.
If Sally finished her homework on time, she would watch the film.
The goalkeeper would stop the ball if he jumped high enough.
If ,
-ُ‫ٌزمذي‬ ‫اٌذبٌخ‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ َ‫رغزخذ‬ٓ‫ٌآلخشي‬ ‫إٌصخ‬
Ex.
If I were you, I wouldn't shout.
If I were you, I would study my lessons.
Present Simple Tense Future Simple tense
notice
Present Simple Tense Present Simple Tense
Past Simple Tense ( V2 ) Would + inf.
I were you would + inf.
notice

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,If-3
had + p.p. would have + p.p.
‫لبػذح‬ َ‫رغزخذ‬if.‫اٌذذٚس‬ ‫ِغزذيٍخ‬ ‫األشيبء‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫اٌضبٌضخ‬
Ex.
If you hadn't been quiet, the enemy would have heard you.
Salah would have been in trouble if he hadn't got help.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
‫دبٌخ‬ َ‫اعزخذا‬ ُ‫يز‬ ً‫اٌّغزمج‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ٓ‫اٌجٍّزي‬ ٜ‫ادذ‬ ‫وبٔذ‬ ‫ارا‬ifٗ‫ِٕفي‬ ‫ٚاٌّضجزخ‬ ‫ِضجزخ‬ ٗ‫إٌّفي‬ ًّ‫اٌج‬ ً‫جؼ‬ ‫ِغ‬ ٌٝٚ‫اال‬
1-He goes to bed early, so he will get up early. ( use if )
If he doesn't go to bed early, he won't get up early
‫دبٌخ‬ َ‫اعزخذا‬ ُ‫يز‬ ‫اٌجغيظ‬ ‫اٌّضبسع‬ ِٓ‫ص‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ‫وبٔذ‬ ‫ارا‬ifٗ‫ِٕفي‬ ‫ٚاٌّضجزخ‬ ‫ِضجزخ‬ ٗ‫إٌّفي‬ ًّ‫اٌج‬ ً‫جؼ‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫ااٌضبٔيخ‬
2-He is lazy, so he fails the exams. ( use if )
If he weren't lazy, he wouldn't fail the exams.
ِٓ‫ص‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ‫وبٔذ‬ ‫ارا‬ٝ‫اٌّبض‬‫دبٌخ‬ َ‫اعزخذا‬ ُ‫يز‬ ‫اٌجغيظ‬ifٌ‫اا‬‫ضبٌض‬ٗ‫ِٕفي‬ ‫ٚاٌّضجزخ‬ ‫ِضجزخ‬ ٗ‫إٌّفي‬ ًّ‫اٌج‬ ً‫جؼ‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫خ‬
3-He didn't have a car as he didn't have much money. ( use if )
If he had had much money, he would have had a car.
4-He studied hard . He got high marks. ( use if )
If he hadn't studied hard, he wouldn't have got high marks.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Read and correct the underlined words:
do exercises every day.willIf I were you , I-1
……….
all her exams.would passIf Hala hadn't been nervous, she-2
……………..
the taps, the bathroom would have flooded.onIf I hadn't turned-3
……
a computer, you'd get better marks.haveIf you-4
……
clever, he would have solved the problem.wereIf he-5
…….
the bus if she got up early.would have caughtShe-6
……………………
clever at school.bewouldIf he studies hard, he-7
Past Perfect Tense would have + p.p.

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on the other hand–despite–However–Although–{ But
too }–as well–in addition-also–
ِ‫ىن‬) ‫اٌزٕبلض‬ ٓ‫ػ‬ ‫ٌٍزؼجيش‬ (
ٓ‫اٌّزٕبلضزي‬ ٓ‫اٌجٍّزي‬ ٓ‫ثي‬ َ‫رغزخذ‬
* I was ill. I went to school.
- I was ill, but I went to school.
............................................................................................................
ٍِ ٌ‫باىشغ‬)‫اٌزٕبلض‬ ْ ‫ٌٍزؼجيش‬ ‫ايضب‬ َ‫رغزخذ‬ (
ٓ‫اٌّزٕبلضزي‬ ٓ‫اٌجٍّزي‬ ٓ‫ثي‬ ٚ‫ا‬ َ‫اٌىال‬ ‫ثذايخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ َ‫رغزخذ‬
Although ( s + v+……..)
- Although I was ill, I went to school.
- I went to school although I was ill.
……………………………………………………………………….
‫رىل‬ ‫ٍغ‬–ِ‫وىن‬)‫اٌزٕبلض‬ ٓ‫ػ‬ ‫ايضب‬ ‫رؼجش‬ (
‫ِٕفصٍخ‬ ‫وجٍّخ‬ ‫اٌضبٔيخ‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ‫ثٙب‬ ‫رجذأ‬ ْ‫ا‬ ٓ‫يّى‬ ‫أٙب‬ ‫اال‬ ٓ‫اٌّزٕبلضزي‬ ٓ‫اٌجٍّزي‬ ٓ‫ثي‬ ‫دائّب‬ َ‫رغزخذ‬
However( s + v +…………)
- I was ill, however, I went to school.
- I was ill. However, I went to school.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
ٍِ ٌ‫اىشغ‬ ً‫ػي‬
despite + ( noun / v+ ing )
- He missed the bus despite getting up early.
- Despite studying hard, he got low marks.
but
Although(=though)
However
despite
Conjunctions

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ٜ‫اخش‬ ‫ٔبديخ‬ ِٓ /‫االخش‬ ‫اٌجبٔت‬ ٍٝ‫ػ‬
‫اٌذذيش‬ ِٓ ‫اخش‬ ‫جبٔت‬ ٛ‫ٔذ‬ ‫االٔظبس‬ ‫ٌٍفذ‬ َ‫رغزخذ‬
- Egyptians have been building new roads. On the other hand, traffic in cities
is still slow because the number of cars has been growing.
........................................................................................................................................
‫اَضا‬
1-ً‫اٌفؼ‬ ً‫لج‬ ٝ‫رأر‬
- He also speaks a little French.
2-‫ثؼ‬‫ذ‬verb to '' have/ be ''
- He is also good at English.
3-‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ‫اٚي‬ ٝ‫ف‬
-Also, it was much too expensive.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
‫رىل‬ ً‫اى‬ ‫باالضافة‬
In addition ( s + v +…………)
In addition to ( noun/ v+ ing)
-He works many hours. In addition, he works on Fridays.
-He studied three subjects. In addition, he did all the homework.
-He studied three subjects in addition to doing all his homework.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
‫اَضا‬
‫اىجَية‬ ‫ّهاَة‬ ً‫ف‬ ُ‫َسحخذٍا‬
- I met Hany yesterday. I met Soha as well.(= too)
On the other hand
also
In addition
as well=too

14
Rewrite the following sentences( using the word (s) in brackets)
to give the same meaning :
1- Although he is thin, he always wins the competitions. ( however )
……………………………………………………………..
2-The bag was on the desk. The cat reached it. ( Although )
……………………………………………………………..
3-Although Helen is deaf, she gave lectures. ( but)
………………………………………………………………
4-She speaks Japanese, too. ( also)
……………………………………………………………….
5- He fell off his bike. He wasn't injured. ( Despite)
………………………………………………………………
6-Although the match was interesting, I didn't watch it. ( However)
………………………………………………………………
7-He is polite, kind and cheerful. ( In addition)
……….………………………………………………………
8-I'm not famous. People won't see my picture in the news paper. ( If )
……….………………………………………………………
9-Although Hatem was tired, he didn't go to bed. ( Despite)
……….………………………………………………………
10-They waited for an hour, but he didn't come. (although )
……….………………………………………………………
11- He got up late because he went to bed late. ( If )
……….………………………………………………………
12-Although he tried hard, he failed. ( Despite)
……….………………………………………………………
13-She learned Italian three years ago. ( for )
……….………………………………………………………
14-Although he isn't rich, he is happy. ( but )
……….………………………………………………………
15-You should do exercises every day. ( If I were you…..)
……….………………………………………………………
16-He didn't buy the car because he didn't have enough money. ( If…..)
……….………………………………………………………
17-First, I studied the lesson. Then, I did the homework. ( after )
……….………………………………………………………
18-When the light went off, I was studying. ( while )
……….………………………………………………………

15
1-‫ِغبػذ‬ ً‫ثفؼ‬ ‫رجذأ‬ ٍٗ‫اعئ‬Yes, or No, Q.
2-َ‫اعزفٙب‬ ‫ثأداح‬ ‫رجذأ‬ ‫أعئٍخ‬Wh. Question
‫ششح‬ ٍٝ‫ي‬ ‫ٚفيّب‬ ٗ‫االجبث‬ ‫ثذايخ‬ ٍٝ‫ػ‬ ‫اٌغؤاي‬ ٓ‫رىٛي‬ ‫ويفيخ‬ ‫ٚرؼزّذ‬‫االعئٍخ‬ ِٓ ٓ‫إٌٛػي‬
**‫ثـ‬ ٗ‫ثبدئ‬ ٗ‫االجبث‬ ‫وبٔذ‬ ‫ارا‬Yes, or No,‫ِغبػذ‬ ً‫ثفؼ‬ ‫اٌغؤاي‬ ‫يجذأ‬ ْ‫ا‬ ‫فالثذ‬ً‫اٌفبػ‬ ٍٝ‫ػ‬ ‫اٌّغبػذ‬ ً‫اٌفؼ‬ ُ‫رمذي‬ ُ‫ٚيز‬ٍٝ‫ي‬ ُ‫و‬
Yes, Ahmed is a doctor.-
Is Ahmed a doctor?
- yes, they are playing football now.
Are they playing football now?
-No, he is not. Aly is my father.
Is Aly your brother?
ً‫رذٛي‬ ُ‫ٚيز‬myٌٝ‫إ‬ ٗ‫االجبث‬ ٝ‫ف‬your. ‫اٌغؤاي‬ ٓ‫رىٛي‬ ‫ػٕذ‬
ٗ‫االجبث‬ ‫وبٔذ‬ ‫إرا‬‫ٍساػذ‬ ‫فؼو‬ ً‫ػي‬ ‫جححىي‬ ‫ال‬ٗ‫االري‬ ‫اٌخطٛاد‬ ‫إرجبع‬ ‫فيجت‬
‫أوال‬-( ‫اىجَية‬ ٍِ‫ص‬ ‫جحذَذ‬ ٌ‫َح‬esent or pastpr)
‫ثاُّا‬–‫بـ‬ ُ‫اإلجُا‬V to Do‫اىجَية‬ ٍِ‫ص‬ ‫ّفس‬ ً‫ف‬‫رصشيفبد‬ ‫ششح‬ ‫أظش‬ ((V to do)
‫اىَضاسع‬ ٍِ‫ص‬‫اىبسُط‬
1-‫االعب‬ ً‫اٌفؼ‬ ْ‫وب‬ ‫اٚارا‬ ‫ِفشد‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ً‫فبػ‬ ْ‫وب‬ ‫إرا‬‫ع‬ٗ‫اٌي‬ ‫ِضبف‬ ٝs or es‫فأ‬‫ثـ‬ ‫يجذأ‬ ‫اٌغؤاي‬ ْDoes‫دزف‬ ُ‫ٚيز‬s or es
ٍٝ‫ي‬ ‫وّب‬ ‫اٌغؤاي‬ ٓ‫رىٛي‬ ‫ػٕذ‬ ٝ‫االعبع‬ ً‫اٌفؼ‬ ِٓ
Yes, the sun rises in the east.
Does the sun rise in the east?
2-ٍّٗ‫اٌج‬ ً‫فبػ‬ ْ‫وب‬ ‫ارا‬I, We, You, They‫ثـ‬ ‫يجذأ‬ ‫اٌغؤاي‬ ْ‫فأ‬Do
No. I do not. I write my homework.
Do you play games?
ً‫اىَاض‬ ٍِ‫ص‬‫اىبسُط‬
3-‫ة‬ ‫يجذأ‬ ‫عٛف‬ ‫اٌغؤاي‬ ْ‫فب‬ ‫ثبٌجٍّخ‬ ٖ‫ِغبػذ‬ ‫افؼبي‬ ‫يٛجذ‬ ‫ٚال‬ ‫اٌجغيظ‬ ٝ‫اٌّبض‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ً‫فؼ‬ ْ‫وب‬ ‫ارا‬Didُ‫ٚيز‬ ‫اٌضّبئش‬ ‫جّيغ‬ ‫ِغ‬
ُ‫ِٕزظ‬ ٚ‫ا‬ ‫شبر‬ ً‫فؼ‬ ْ‫وب‬ ‫عٛاء‬ ‫االٚي‬ ‫اٌزصشيف‬ ٚ‫ا‬ ‫ِصذسح‬ ٌٝ‫ا‬ ٝ‫االعبع‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ً‫فؼ‬ ‫اسجبع‬
Yes, he travelled to Alexandria last week.
Did he travel to Alexandria last week ?
‫رذٛي‬you…………………….… Iٚare…………………….….am
1- Yes, or No, Question
Question in English

16
-Wh. Words:
What, Where, Why, When, Which, Who, When, Whose,
How, How long…? How much…? How many...? How far…?....etc
:‫وبٌزبٌي‬ ‫اٌطشيمخ‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ‫في‬ ‫اٌغؤاي‬ ٓ‫رىٛي‬ ُ‫يز‬-
1-.ٕٗ‫ػ‬ َ‫االعزفٙب‬ ‫اٌّشاد‬ ‫اٌجضء‬ ‫رذذيذ‬
2-.‫إٌّبعجخ‬ َ‫االعزفٙب‬ ‫أداح‬ ‫رذذيذ‬
3-.‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ‫في‬ ‫ِٛجٛد‬ ْ‫وب‬ ‫إرا‬ َ‫االعزفٙب‬ ‫أداح‬ ‫ثؼذ‬ ً‫اٌفبػ‬ ٍٝ‫ػ‬ ‫اٌّغبػذ‬ ً‫اٌفؼ‬ ُ‫رمذي‬
4-َ‫ػذ‬ ‫دبٌخ‬ ‫في‬‫ِغبػذ‬ ً‫فؼ‬ ‫ٚجٛد‬‫ثبٌجٍّخ‬‫ثــ‬ ْ‫ٚاإلريب‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ِٓ‫ص‬ ‫رذذيذ‬ ُ‫يز‬V to do‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ً‫فؼ‬ ‫دغت‬ ٍٝ‫ٚػ‬ ِٓ‫اٌض‬ ‫ٔفظ‬ ٝ‫ف‬
ً‫اٌفبػ‬ ٚ‫أ‬‫اٌغؤاي‬ ٓ‫ٌزىٛي‬ ٌٝٚ‫األ‬ ‫اٌطشيمخ‬ ‫أظش‬ (Yes, or No, question)
‫رط‬ ُ‫يز‬ٖ‫اٌمبػذ‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ‫جيك‬
Hany.My name is
What is your name?
fine.I am
How are you?
in the east.The sun rises
Where does the sun rise?
last year.I visited Luxor
When did you visit Luxor?
to Salma.two lettersI have sent
How many letters have you sent to Salma?
*‫االسخفياو‬ ‫اداة‬How many‫ع‬ ‫انسؤال‬ ‫انًشاد‬ ‫االسى‬ ‫يباششة‬ ‫بعذىا‬ َ‫يأح‬‫نو‬
21
in 1998.the World CupBrazil won
1-What did Brazil win in 1998?
2-When did Brazil win the World Cup?
َ‫االعزفٙب‬ ‫اداح‬ َ‫اعزخذا‬ ‫*ػٕذ‬Who‫ٚٚضغ‬ ً‫اٌفبػ‬ ‫دزف‬ ُ‫يز‬ ً‫ػبل‬ ً‫فبػ‬ ٓ‫ػ‬ ‫ٌٍغؤاي‬who:ِٕٗ ‫ثذال‬-
traveled to Spain last week.Sara-
-Who traveled to Spain last week?
:َ‫االعزفٙب‬ ‫ادٚاد‬ ‫لبػذح‬ ‫رطجيك‬ ُ‫فيز‬ ً‫ػبل‬ ‫ِفؼٛي‬ ٓ‫ػ‬ ‫ٌٍغؤاي‬ ‫اعزخذِذ‬ ‫ارا‬ ‫اِب‬ *-
yesterday.DaliaI met-
-Who did you meet yesterday?
Be careful
ً2- Wh. Question
‫ٍالحظة‬
( Wh ) + aux. v + S + V +…………….?

17
-e:Exercis
-using the words in brackets:Write questions
1-King Ramses built lots of temples.
What………………………………………….…………………………..?
2-He took the box to the other side of the river.
Where…………………………………………………………………….?
3-Ayman has washed the glasses.
Who………………………….……………………………………………?
4-I have sent two letters to Salma.
How maney……………………………………..…………….………..?
5-Sedney is in Astralia.
Where………………………………………..…………………………..?
6-She didn't do her homework because she was tired.
Why…………………………………………………………………………?
7-Ali looked after the sheep for three months.
How long……………………………………………………..………….?
8-Yesterday, I visited my uncle.
Who……………………………………………………………..…………?
9-I go to school by bus.
How……………………………………………………………..…………?
10-Yes, I'm ready to help you.
Are…………………………………………………………….………..…?
11-Yes, I have been to Paris.
Have……………………………………………………………….………?
12-No, I don't. I like fish.
Do…………………………………………………………………………..?
13-No, I don't like meat.
Do………………………………………………………………..…………?
14-No, she doesn't like fish.
Does…………………………………………………………..……………?
15-A baker makes bread.
Who…………………………………………………………..……………?
16-He is eleven years old.
How old……………………………………………………….…………..?
17-Ali goes to school to learn.
Why………………………………………………………………….……..?
18-She was born in 1980.
When……………………………………………………………………….?
19-My favourite sport is football.
What………………………………………………………………………..?
20-It's ten o'clock.
What…………………………………………………………………………?

18
ٍَٛ‫ٌٍّؼ‬ ٕٝ‫اٌّج‬ ‫جٍّخ‬ِٓ ْٛ‫رزى‬ ‫ػبديخ‬ ‫جٍّخ‬
.+ ‫فؼو‬ + ‫ٍفؼىه‬‫فاػو‬
Subject + Verb + Object.
‫اآلريخ‬ ‫اٌخطٛاد‬ ‫ثئرجبع‬ ‫ٌٍّجٙٛي‬ ٕٝ‫ِج‬ ٌٝ‫إ‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ً‫رذٛي‬ ُ‫يز‬:-
1-ٌٚ‫األ‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ‫ِفؼٛي‬‫يصجخ‬ ٝ.‫اٌضبٔيخ‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ً‫فبػ‬
2-‫ٚضغ‬ ُ‫يز‬V to beِٗ‫اعزخذا‬ ‫ويفيخ‬ ‫رٛضيخ‬ ُ‫يز‬ ‫عٛف‬ ( ٌٝٚ‫األ‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ِٓ‫ص‬ ‫ٔفظ‬ ‫في‬‫األصِٕخ‬ ‫جّيغ‬ ‫في‬)
3-. ٝ‫االعبع‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ً‫فؼ‬ ِٓ ‫اٌضبٌش‬ ‫ثبٌزصشيف‬ ‫ٔأري‬pp) ٗ‫ششد‬ ‫عجك‬ (
4-‫وٍّخ‬ ‫ٚضغ‬ ُ‫يز‬byُ‫ص‬‫ا‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ً‫فبػ‬ ‫ٚضغ‬ ُ‫يز‬‫أل‬ٚ‫أ‬ ٗ‫خٍف‬ ٌٝٚ‫اٌّفؼٛي‬ ‫ضّيش‬)‫اٌضّبئش‬ ‫ششح‬ ‫(أظش‬
ٚ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ً‫رذٛي‬ ‫ٌىيفيخ‬ ً‫ِفص‬ ‫ششح‬ ‫يٍي‬ ‫فيّب‬:-
ActiveS V O
PassiveO V3 S
is , are
Ahmed studies English…………
Or by himAhmed.byedstudiisEnglish
Farmers sells crops to other people.
Crops are sold to other people(by farmers).
was , were
Ahmed studied English……………
imOr by hAhmed.byedstudiwasEnglish
They built a new canal .
A new canal was built. (by them)
The Present Simple Tense
be by
be
The Past Simple Tense
be
Active and Passive voice

19
Being
Ahmed is studying English…………… present continuous
imOr by hAhmed.byedstudibeingisEnglish
Farmers are planting wheat.
Wheat is being planted. ( by farmers )
Ahmed was studying English…………….. past continuous
imOr by hAhmed.byedistudbeingEnglish was
been
Ahmed has studied English……………. present perfect.
imOr by hAhmed.byedstudibeenEnglish has
The government has spent about 5 billion pounds on desert land.
About 5 billion pounds have been spent on desert land.
Ahmed had studied English…………... past perfect
imOr by hAhmed.byedstudibeenEnglish had
The Present and the Past Continuous Tense
The Present and The Past Perfect Tense
be
be

21
been
The government has been developing the Toshka Valley.
The Toshka Valley has been developed by the government.
be
Ahmed will study English……………..
imOr by hAhmed.byedstudibeEnglish will
By 2020, the government will build houses there.
By 2020,houses will be built there.
She can sell the old books.
The old books can be sold.
She is going to see the film.
The film is going to be seen.
The Future simple Tense
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
be
be

21
I was born………( not ' I am born…..)
* I was born In Egypt.
givemple,have two objects. For exa** Some verbs can
21
)We gave the information to the police..=(the informationthe policeWe gave
So it is possible to make two passive sentences:-
were given the information.The police-1
was given the police.The information-2
Other verbs which can have two objects are
ِٓ ٌٝ‫إ‬ ‫رذٛيٍٙب‬ ٓ‫يّى‬ ‫ال‬ ًّ‫ج‬ ‫يٛجذ‬activeٌٝ‫إ‬passive
1-‫ِجبشش‬ ‫ِفؼٛي‬ ‫ثٙب‬ ‫يٛجذ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اٌزي‬ ًّ‫اٌج‬
- Birds fly high.
2-) ‫جش‬ ‫ثذشف‬ ‫ِغجٛق‬ ( ‫ِجبشش‬ ‫غيش‬ ‫ثٙب‬ ‫اٌّفؼٛي‬ ْٛ‫يى‬ ٝ‫اٌز‬ ًّ‫اٌج‬
- I go to school every day.
Notice
be careful
ask offer pay show teach tell

22
‫وزٌه‬ ‫أٌيظ‬ ٕٝ‫ثّؼ‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ‫ٔٙبيخ‬ ‫في‬ ‫لصيش‬ ‫عؤاي‬ ٛ٘
ً‫فبػ‬ ‫ضّيش‬ + َ‫اعزفٙب‬ ِٓ ْٛ‫يزى‬
ً‫اٌفبػ‬ ‫ثضّيش‬ ‫ِزجٛػب‬ ‫األعبعيخ‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ‫في‬ ‫اٌّٛجٛد‬ ‫اٌّغبػذ‬ ً‫اٌفؼ‬ ِٓ ْٛ‫(يزى‬
)‫ٚاٌؼىظ‬ ٝ‫ِٕف‬ ً‫اٌّضي‬ ‫اٌغؤاي‬ ْٛ‫يى‬ ‫ِضجذ‬ ‫اٌّغبػذ‬ ً‫اٌفؼ‬ ْ‫وب‬ ‫إرا‬ ٗٔ‫ا‬ ‫ِالدظخ‬ ‫ِغ‬
Ex:-
Tom is American, isn't he?
Mona will travel to Luxor tomorrow, won't she?
He hasn't finished his work , has he ?
Youssef and Mina haven't finished , have they ?
We are happy , aren't we ?
Samia wasn't at home , was she ?
They'll visit us , won't they ?
He can run fast , can't he ?
‫ِؼٙب‬ َ‫ٔغزخذ‬ ‫ِغبػذ‬ ً‫فؼ‬ ٍٝ‫ػ‬ ٜٛ‫رذز‬ ‫ال‬ ٝ‫اٌز‬ ًّ‫اٌج‬ **
1- ………………………..……………….do, don't?
I, They, We, You ً‫اٌفبػ‬ ْ‫ٚوب‬ ‫اٌجغيظ‬ ‫اٌّضبسع‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ‫وبٔذ‬ ‫ارا‬
I sleep well ,don't I ?
I don't speak French , do I ?
2- ………………….………..…….does, doesn't?
He, She, It ‫وبٔذ‬ ‫ارا‬ً‫اٌفبػ‬ ْ‫ٚوب‬ ‫اٌجغيظ‬ ‫اٌّضبسع‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬
Ali helps his mother , doesn't he ?
She doesn't watch TV, does she ?
3-……………………..……….………did, didn't?
‫اٌجغيظ‬ ٝ‫اٌّبض‬ ِٓ‫ص‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ‬ ‫وبٔذ‬ ‫ارا‬
He drew a picture , didn't he ?
He didn't come , did he ?
Question Tag

23
‫االٍشَة‬ ‫اىجَو‬
Open the door , won't you ?
Don't waste your time , will you ?
Have/ has / had + ‫ٍَحيل‬ ٌ‫اس‬
....)‫ِغبػذ‬ ‫ٌٚيظ‬ ٝ‫االعبع‬ ً‫اٌفؼ‬ ( ‫ٌذيخ‬ ٚ‫ا‬ ‫يٍّه‬ ٕٝ‫ثّؼ‬ ‫ٕ٘ب‬
I have a car , don't I ?
She has a villa , doesn't she ?
We had a house , didn't we ?
I'm ………………………………………..………..……Aren't I ?
I'm not …………………………………………………..…..Am I ?
I'm sleepy , Aren't I ?
I'm not hungry , Am I ?
There is ………………………………………..…..isn't there ?
There are …………………………………….…..aren't there ?
There was ………………………………….……wasn't there ?
There isn't any tea left , is there ?
This …… ‫فاعم‬ ‫ضًيش‬ ‫..……نسخخذو‬ it
That …… ‫فاعم‬ ‫ضًيش‬ ‫..……نسخخذو‬ it
This isn't my pen, is it ?
These …… ‫فاعم‬ ‫ضًيش‬ ‫..……نسخخذو‬ they
Those …… ‫فاعم‬ ‫ضًيش‬ ‫..……نسخخذو‬they
These are our books, aren't they ?
Someone / somebody / anyone / anybody …………..……..they ?
Someone came , didn't they ?
Something / anything / nothing ……………………………………..it ?
Something has happened , hasn't it ?

24
: ‫ٍثبحا‬ ‫اىَزَو‬ ‫اىسؤاه‬ ُ‫َنى‬ ‫ٍْفُة‬ ‫اىجَية‬
He walks to school , doesn't he ?
ً‫ىيْف‬ ‫اخشي‬ ‫اشناه‬ ‫هْاك‬ ُ‫ا‬ ‫الحظ‬ ِ‫وىن‬
He never visits us , does he ?
They hardly‫ٔبدسا‬work hard , do they ?
There is no water at all , is there ?
: ً‫االوى‬ ‫اىجَية‬ ‫حسب‬ ً‫واىْف‬ ‫االثبات‬ ُ‫َنى‬ ‫اىَزَو‬ ‫اىسؤاه‬ ً‫ػي‬ ‫ىيشد‬
Ali : He hasn't finished his work , has he ?
Samy : No, he hasn't .
Ali : he drew a picture , didn't he ?
Mona : Yes, he did

25
‫ششح‬ ‫ٔزٕبٚي‬ ‫عٛف‬Reported Speech: ‫في‬-
1-‫اٌخجشيخ‬ ًّ‫اٌج‬Statement
2-‫االِشيخ‬ ًّ‫اٌج‬‫ٚاٌطٍجبد‬Instructions and requests
3-‫اٌغؤاي‬(No question-question * Yes-Wh)
ٚ‫ر‬‫وال‬ ِٓ ً‫اٌزذٛي‬ ‫إصٕبء‬ ‫اٌغبثمخ‬ ‫أٔٛاع‬ ‫اٌضالس‬ ٍٝ‫ػ‬ ‫ػبِخ‬ ٖ‫لبػذ‬ ‫طجك‬ٝ٘ٚ ‫ِجبشش‬ ‫غيش‬ َ‫وال‬ ٌٝ‫إ‬ ‫ِجبشش‬ َ
‫أٚال‬‫ِٕٙب‬ ‫اٌّبضي‬ ‫صيغ‬ ٌٝ‫إ‬ ‫فيٙب‬ ‫اٌّٛجٛدح‬ ‫اٌصيغ‬ ِٓ ‫األصِٕخ‬ ً‫رذٛي‬ ُ‫يز‬ ***ًّ‫اٌج‬ ‫اٌزذٛيالد‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ِٓ ٕٝ‫ٚيغزض‬
)‫اٌّصذس‬ ‫في‬ ٝ‫يجم‬ ً‫اٌزذٛي‬ ‫ٚثؼذ‬ ‫اٌّصذس‬ ‫في‬ ً‫اٌفؼ‬ (‫ٚاٌطٍجبد‬ ‫االِشيخ‬‫اٌزبٌي‬ ٛ‫إٌذ‬ ٍٝ‫ػ‬
‫ٍباشش‬ ‫غُش‬Indirect‫اىَباشش‬Direct
‫اٌجغيظ‬ ‫اٌّبضي‬ ِٓ‫ص‬played‫اٌجغيظ‬ ‫اٌّضبسع‬ ِٓ‫ص‬play- plays
‫اٌّغزّش‬ ‫اٌّبضي‬ ِٓ‫ص‬was. were + v-ing‫اٌّغزّش‬ ‫اٌّضبسع‬ ِٓ‫ص‬am, is, are + v-ing
‫اٌّبضي‬ ِٓ‫ص‬َ‫اٌزب‬had playedَ‫اٌزب‬ ‫اٌّضبسع‬ ِٓ‫ص‬has, have + played
َ‫اٌزب‬ ‫اٌّبضي‬ ِٓ‫ص‬had played‫ص‬‫اٌجغيظ‬ ‫اٌّبضي‬ ِٓplayed
Would, could, should, might, had to + infWill, can, shall, may, must + inf
‫صبٔيب‬ٍٝ‫ي‬ ‫وّب‬ ‫اٌّبضي‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫ٌززٕبعت‬ ْ‫ٚاٌّىب‬ ْ‫اٌضِب‬ ‫ظشٚف‬ ‫ثؼض‬ ‫رغييش‬ ُ‫يز‬ ***
‫ٍباشش‬ ‫غُش‬Indirect‫اىَباشش‬Direct
thennow
that daytoday
that nighttonight
the next day/the following daytomorrow
the day beforeyesterday
the following weeknext week
the year beforelast year
beforeago
thatthis
thosethese
therehere
sothus
Reported Speech

26
‫اىخبشَة‬ ‫اىجَو‬ ‫اوال‬Statements
‫ا‬ َ‫اٌىال‬ ِٓ ‫اٌخجشيخ‬ ًّ‫اٌج‬ ً‫رذٛي‬ ُ‫يز‬: ٝ‫وبالر‬ ‫اٌّجبشش‬ ‫غيش‬ َ‫اٌىال‬ ٌٝ‫ا‬ ‫ٌّجبشش‬-
1-ٌٝ‫ا‬ ‫رذٛي‬ٝ٘ ‫وّب‬ ٝ‫رجم‬
Said said said to told
2-‫ٚرٛضغ‬ ‫االلٛاط‬ ‫رذزف‬''that''‫دزفٙب‬ ٓ‫ٚيّى‬
3-‫ٚاٌّخبطت‬ ٍُ‫اٌّزى‬ ‫دغت‬ ‫اٌضّبئش‬ ‫رزغيش‬
4-‫اٌغبثك‬ ‫اٌجذٚي‬ ‫دغت‬ ‫االصِٕخ‬ ‫رغييش‬ ُ‫يز‬
5-‫اٌغبثك‬ ‫اٌجذٚي‬ ‫دغت‬ ‫اٌظشٚف‬ ‫رغييش‬ ُ‫يز‬
6-*** ِٗ‫٘بااااااا‬ ‫***ٍِذٛظخ‬
‫فؼو‬ ُ‫ما‬ ‫ارا‬‫اىَضاسع‬ ٍِ‫ص‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫اىقىه‬say‫او‬tell‫حزفها‬ ‫بؼذ‬ ‫االقىاس‬ ‫داخو‬ ‫االصٍْه‬ ‫جغُُش‬ ٌ‫َح‬ ‫وال‬ ‫هى‬ ‫مَا‬ ً‫َبق‬ ‫اىححىَو‬ ‫ػْذ‬
He says, " I feel hungry.''
He says that he feels hungry.
Hesham said, '' I'm coming home at six.''
Hesham said that he was coming home at six.
Salma said to soha, ''I'm very tied.''
Salma told Soha that she was very tired.
‫حح‬ ‫يخى‬ ‫ال‬ ‫انحقائق‬ ٌ‫ا‬ ‫الحظ‬‫يعيا‬ ‫االصينت‬ ‫ٌيم‬
He said to me ,''The sn rises in the east.''
He told me that the sun rises in the eat.
****************************************************************
‫وانطهبات‬ ‫االيشية‬ ‫انجًم‬Instruction and requests
‫يهى‬ ‫كًا‬ ‫انقىل‬ ‫فعم‬ ‫جحىيم‬ ‫يحى‬ ‫االيشية‬ ‫انجًم‬ ‫فى‬
َ‫ان‬ ‫ححٌل‬
said, said to told, advised, ordered + object
‫ححزف‬‫بـــ‬ ‫ًنشبظ‬ ‫االقٌاس‬to + inf‫يثبج‬ ‫االيش‬ ٌ‫كا‬ ‫ارا‬
not to + infَ‫ينف‬ ‫االيش‬ ٌ‫كا‬ ‫ارا‬
‫يهى‬ ‫كًا‬ ‫جحىيم‬ ‫يحى‬ ‫انطهب‬ ‫جًم‬ ‫فى‬ ‫ايا‬
Said, said to asked
‫ا‬ ‫ححزف‬‫بـــ‬ ‫ًنشبظ‬ ‫القٌاس‬to + inf‫يثبج‬ ‫االيش‬ ٌ‫كا‬ ‫ارا‬
not to + infَ‫ينف‬ ‫االيش‬ ٌ‫كا‬ ‫ارا‬
) ‫االصيُة‬ ٍ‫ي‬ ‫انًاضى‬ ‫انى‬ ‫انححىيم‬ ‫يحى‬ ‫ال‬ (‫انجًم‬ ٍ‫ي‬ ‫انُىع‬ ‫هزا‬ ‫فى‬ ٍ‫انضي‬ ‫جحىيم‬ ‫يحى‬ ‫ال‬
:‫يهحىظة‬-‫كهًة‬ ‫حزف‬ ‫يحى‬asepleِ‫يىجىد‬ ‫كاَث‬ ‫ارا‬
Ahmed said to the mechanic,'' Pump up the tyres.''
Ahmed told the mechanic to pump up the tyres.
Adel said to his son, '' Don't play with matches.''
Adel told his son not to play with matches.
''Pass me the sugar ,please, Omar.'' said Hany.
Hany asked Omar to pass him the sugar.

27
‫انسؤال‬(No question-* Yesquestion-Wh)
: ٝ‫وبالر‬ ‫إٌٛع‬ ‫٘زا‬ ً‫رذٛي‬ ُ‫يز‬-
ٌٝ‫ا‬ ‫رذٛي‬
Said, said to asked, wanted to know -1
2-ٍّٗ‫اٌج‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ٖ‫اٌّٛجٛد‬ َ‫االعزفٙب‬ ‫وٍّخ‬ ‫ثٕفظ‬ ‫ٚٔشثظ‬ ‫االلٛاط‬ ‫رذزف‬
3-( َ‫االعزفٙب‬ ‫وٍّخ‬ ‫ثؼذ‬ ٍّٗ‫اٌج‬ ‫رشريت‬ ُ‫يز‬+ً‫فبػ‬)........ً‫فؼ‬
Wh + subject + verb……………
4-‫اٌضّب‬ ً‫رذٛي‬ ُ‫يز‬ٗ‫اٌي‬ ٍُ‫ٚاٌّزى‬ ٍُ‫اٌّزى‬ ‫ضّيش‬ ‫دغت‬ ٍٝ‫ػ‬ ‫االلٛاط‬ ً‫داخ‬ ‫ئش‬
5-‫االصِٕخ‬ ً‫رذٛي‬ ُ‫يز‬‫ششدٙب‬ ‫عجك‬ ‫وّب‬
''Where did you spend your summer holiday ,Ali?'' said Soha.
Soha asked Ali where he had spent his summer holiday.
Noha said to Reem,'' How much are you going to pay for anew car?''
Noha asked Reem how much she was going to pay for anew car.
****************************************************************
: ٝ‫وبالر‬ ‫إٌٛع‬ ‫٘زا‬ ً‫رذٛي‬ ُ‫يز‬-
ٌٝ‫ا‬ ‫رذٛي‬
Said, said to asked, wanted to know -1
2-‫ٚٔشثظ‬ ‫االلٛاط‬ ‫رذزف‬if / whetherٌٛ / ‫ارا‬ ٕٝ‫ثّؼ‬
3-‫وٍّخ‬ ‫ثؼذ‬ ٍّٗ‫اٌج‬ ‫رشريت‬ ُ‫يز‬if / whether)........ً‫فؼ‬ +ً‫فبػ‬ (
if / whether + sub + verb……………
4-‫اٌضّبئش‬ ً‫رذٛي‬ ُ‫يز‬ٗ‫اٌي‬ ٍُ‫ٚاٌّزى‬ ٍُ‫اٌّزى‬ ‫ضّيش‬ ‫دغت‬ ٍٝ‫ػ‬ ‫االلٛاط‬ ً‫داخ‬
5-‫االصِٕخ‬ ً‫رذٛي‬ ُ‫يز‬‫ششدٙب‬ ‫عجك‬ ‫وّب‬
''Have you ever been to Paris , Maha?'', said Nora.
Nora asked Maha if she had ever been to Paris.
'' Are you going to visit your uncle tomorrow, Adel?'', said Tamer.
Tamer asked Adel if he was going to visit his uncle the following day.
'' Can you speak French, Manal?'', asked Mona.
Mona asked Manal if she could speak French.
1- Wh – question
2 - Yes- No question

28
-Exercise:
-ose the correct answer:cho-1
1- The teacher ………me if I had done my homework.
( said – told - asked - advised )
2-My father told me…………….play in the street.
( don't - can't - didn't - not to )
3- I asked him where ………
( did he go - he had gone - had he gone - he has gone )
4-Ashraf asked Ali if he ……..his notebook at school the day before.
( leaves - has left - had left - leaving )
5-My teacher asked me ………talk in class.
( don't - can't - won't - not to )
6-The policeman asked the boy if he……………..anything.
(have lost - had lost - losing - lose )
7-The doctor ……….the patient, ''Come back to see me next week.''
(said to - told - asked - bsgged )
8-He asked where………….yesterday.
(I went - did I go - had I gone - was I )
9-I said to my brother,''…………….make noise.''
(Not - Don't - Not to - To )
10-Tom asked Ahmed,''……………………………………………..?''
( who is Snefru - Who Snefru was-Who Snefru is-Which is Snefru
11-She told me…………………swim in the canal again.
( not to - don't - to - if )
12-He asked me,'' …………………speak English?''
( You could – Would you - Can you - You can )
13-I asked Ali ……………….he would leave for school early.
( to - if - that - not to)

29
in brackets)to give the)s(write the following ( using the wordRe-2
-same meaning:
1-''Draw pictures of some animals.''
The teacher asked us……………………………………………………………………
2-''Have you ever been to Paris/''
Ali asked Maged……………………………………………………………………………
3-''What does your father do, Tom?''
Hesham asked………………………………………………………………………………
4- ''Don't be noisy,'' Hesham said to Dina.
Hisham told Dina……………………………………………………………………………
5-''What did your father bring you on your birthday, Sally?''
Noura asked …………………………………………………………………………………
6-''Where is Ahmed sitting?''
Hany asked………………………………………………………………………………
7-Salma said to her father ,''Take me to the zoo.''
Salma asked…………………………………………………………………………….
8-''Don't make much noise ,Salma'', Nadia said.
Nadia told ………………………………………………………………………………
9-Tom asked Ahmed if he could tell him the best place to shop in Cairo. ( said to )
………………………………………………………………………………………………
10-Usaaaama told Zaki to help his poor relatives.
Usama said……………………………………………………………………………..
11-Tom asked Ahmed if there was somewhere to relax. ( said to)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
12-''What did you do last week, Mona?''
Hala asked………………………………………………………………………………
13-''Are you going to visit Alexandria during this trip,Tom?''
Ahmed asked Tom…………………………………………………………………..
14-''Which film did you watch yesterday?''
My father asked me …………………………………………………………………

31
ً‫اٌفبػ‬ ً‫ِذ‬ ً‫رذ‬ ‫ضّبئش‬ ‫يٛجذ‬subject‫اٌّفؼٛي‬ ً‫ِذ‬ ً‫رذ‬ ٜ‫ٚاخش‬objectٜ‫ٚاخش‬
‫ِٕؼىغخ‬reflexiveٗ‫ٍِىي‬ ‫ضّبئش‬ ‫ايضب‬ ‫ٚيٛجذ‬possessive
Subjective
Pro.
Objective
Pro.
Possessive
adj.
Possessive
Pro.
Reflexive
Pro.
‫انا‬ I me my mine myself
‫هو‬ He him his his himself
‫هى‬ She her her hers herself
‫العاقل‬ ‫لغير‬ ‫هى‬ ‫او‬ ‫هو‬ It it its its itself
‫هم‬ They them their theirs themselves
‫نحن‬ We us our ours ourselves
‫انت‬ You you your yours yourself
‫انتم‬ You you your yours yourselves
.myself* I haven't hurt
in the mirror.herself* Soha couldn't see
ourselvessee* We couldn't
last Sundayhim* Ali is a taxi driver. I met
.mine*This pen is
new hatmy*This is
.are good at EnglishThey*
.theirs*This house is
uniform is dirty.Your*
garden is beautiful.Our*
1- I have got two uncles. I visited………..on Friday.
( him – they – them – their )
2-This is ………….book. Give it to her.
(herself-her-his-she)
3-They visit ……….aunt every Friday.
(them- their-they- themselves)
4-He will hurt………..if he is not careful.
(he – himself- him – his )
‫اٌضّبئش‬The Pronouns
Choose the correct answer:-

31
‫اٌّصذس‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ً‫اٌفؼ‬ ‫ثؼذ٘ب‬ ٝ‫ٚيأر‬ ْ‫اال‬ ‫رذذس‬ ‫ٚال‬ ٝ‫اٌّبض‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫رذذس‬ ‫وبٔذ‬ ٖ‫ػبد‬ ٓ‫ػ‬ ‫اٌزؼجيش‬ ‫رفيذ‬
"1"used to + v
* When I was young , I used to play in the street.
Now I play in the club.
Negative
Used to didn't use to
* He didn't use to smoke much .
* She didn't use to go to the cinema.
Question
did …..use toUsed to
* What did he use to do when he was young?
He used to play in the street.
Did …..use toUsed to
Did he use to play in the street when he was young ?
Yes, he did.
No he didn't.
ُ‫ا‬ ‫اػحاد‬"Used to"

32
Relative Clauses
Who
) َ‫انخ‬ / ٍ‫انز‬ ( ‫عاقم‬ ‫ًصف‬ ً‫ا‬ ‫نخعشيف‬ ‫حسخخذو‬
Ex.
A pilot is a person who flies a plane.
A diver is a person who who goes down under water.
Which
‫اشياء‬ ( ‫عاقم‬ ‫غيش‬ ‫ًصف‬ ً‫ا‬ ‫نخعشيف‬ ‫حسخخذو‬–‫طيٌس‬–)...... ‫حيٌاناث‬
Ex.
A nightingale is a bird which sings beautifully.
A cow is an animal which gives us milk.
‫اسحخذاو‬ ٍ‫يًك‬that‫يحم‬ ‫نححم‬ ‫وصم‬ ‫كضًيش‬hichwho or w
That
‫انعاقم‬ ‫ًغيش‬ ‫نهعاقم‬ َ‫انخ‬ ً‫ا‬ ٍ‫انز‬
Ex.
A scientist is a person that does experiments.
This is the book that I bought yesterday.
Where
ٌ‫يكا‬ ‫حعشيف‬ ً‫ا‬ ‫نٌصف‬ ‫حسخخذو‬
Ex.
sick people go.whereis a placeA hospital
ood.we cook our fwhereis a placeA kitchen
scored a wonderful goal.whichThis is the footballer-1
was giant.whereHe saw the cat-2
was flat.whoHesham is pumping up the tyre-3
I met yesterday.whereThis is the girl-4
she saw the High Dam.whenswanAAmal visited-5
lives near her school.whereLaila saw the woman-6
I was born.thatThis is the house-7
who
which
where
that
Read and correct the underlined words:

33
1-‫بحشف‬ ‫انسؤال‬ ً‫ا‬ ‫انجًهت‬ ‫حبذأ‬capital
2-‫انضًيش‬Iٌٌ‫يك‬ ٌ‫ًا‬ ‫البذ‬ ‫انجًهو‬ َ‫ف‬ ٌ‫يكا‬ ٍ‫ا‬ َ‫ف‬ ‫ًجٌده‬capital
3-‫بحشف‬ ‫حبذأ‬ ‫االحيو‬ ‫األسًاء‬capital
‫اإلعالو‬ ‫أسًاء‬
(‫األ‬‫خشخا‬Ahmed, Mona, Mohammed, Reda, Osama………)
‫األسبىع‬ ‫أياو‬
(Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday)
‫خشهىس‬‫انسُة‬
(January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September,
October, November, December)
‫انهغات‬
(Arabic, English, French, Turkish, Japanese………..)
‫وانشىاسع‬ ‫وانجُسيات‬ ‫وانعىاصى‬ ٌ‫وانًذ‬ ‫انبالد‬ ‫و‬ ‫انقاسات‬ ‫أسًاء‬‫واالَهاس‬
( Egypt, England, Cairo, Egyptian, Turkey,……………..)
4-‫بــــ‬ ‫حنخيي‬ ‫انجًهت‬.full stop
5-‫بــ‬ ‫ينخيي‬ ‫انسؤال‬‫ـ‬question mark ?
6-‫ح‬‫ٌضع‬apostrophe '‫االحيو‬ ‫االخخصاساث‬ َ‫ف‬
(I'm/ He's/ They're/ we're/ I've/ We've/ I'll/ They'll……………)
(Ahmed's car……O'clock….the butcher's……..the baker's)
7-‫حٌضع‬comma ,َ‫يه‬ ‫كًا‬ ‫ًعباساث‬ ‫كهًاث‬ ‫بعذ‬
ur wheat and mendedharvest o,built a road,we plant some trees,ast yearL-
.the water pump
,No,Yes
.ridayFairo lastCelal inHader andN,hmedA,onaMmetI-
-What's his father's name?
-Is Egypt in the north east of Africa?
8-) ‫انًباشش‬ ‫انكالو‬ ( ‫انخنصيص‬ ‫عالياث‬''…………………….''Speech marks
- ahmed said, i have finished my homework
.''have finished my homeworkI''hmed said,A-
-soha asked her father , can i go to the shops
?''go to the shopsIan''Coha asked her father ,S-
‫انخشقيى‬ ‫عالياث‬Punctuation Marks

34
Irregular verbs
‫الفعل‬V1 V2 V3 / pp ‫الفعل‬V1 V2 V3 / pp
be was/were been lay laid laid
become became become leave left left
begin began begun lend lent lent
bend bent bent let let let
bite bit bitten lie lay lain
blow blew blown light lit lit
break broke broken lose lost lost
bring brought brought make made made
build built built mean ment ment
buy bought bought meet met met
catch caught caught pay paid paid
choose chose chosen put put put
come came come read read(red) read(red)
cost cost cost ride rode ridden
cut cut cut ring rang rung
dig dug dug rise rose risen
do did done run ran run
draw drew drawn say said said
drink drank drunk see saw seen
drive drove driven sell sold sold
eat ate eaten send sent sent
fall fell fallen set set set
feed fed fed shake shook shaken
feel felt felt shoot shot shot
find found found shut shut shut
fly flew flown sing sang sung
forbid forbade forbidden sit sat sat
forget forgot forgotten sleep slept slept
forgive forgave forgiven speak spoke spoken
freeze froze frozen spend spent spent
get got got stand stood stood
give gave given sweep swept swept
go went gone swim swam swum
grow grew grown take took taken
hang hung hung teach taught taught
have had had think thought thought

35
hear heard heard tell told told
hit hit hit throw threw thrown
hold held held understand understood understood
hide hid hidden wake woke woken
hurt hurt hurt win won won
keep kept kept write wrote written
know knew knew

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