2. product life cycle design vezzoli 12 13 (41)

course System Design for Sustainability
subject 2. Introduction to product Life Cycle Design

learning resource 2.1
Introduction to product Life Cycle Design

carlo vezzoli
politecnico di milano . DESIGN dept. . DIS . School of Design . Italy

Learning Network on Sustainability (EU asia-link)
Learning Network on Sustainabile energy systems (EU edulink)

Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy

CONTENTS

. Product environmental effects and requirements
. Life cycle assessment (LCA)
. Life Cycle Design approach: life cycle + functional
. Introduction to Product Life Cycle Design criteria
. Resources minimisation
. Low impact resources selection
. Product life optimisation
. Material life extension
. Design for disassembly

Carlo Vezzoli

(product) LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
(or eco-design, design for the environment, …)
the discipline integrating
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
within the PRODUCT design process

Carlo Vezzoli

[ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
it is to design for minimizing product’s]
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
EACH ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT IS BASED ON A
SUBSTANCE’S EXCHANGE (IMPACT) BETWEEN THE
NATURE/ENVIRONMENT AND A (ANTHROPIC
TRASFORMATION) PROCESS OF A PRODUCTION
AND CONSUMPTION SYSTEM
input: substance extraction from the environment

output: substance emission in the environment

(not all impacts damage with the same entity)

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INPUT AND ITS (DAMAGING) EFFECTS

RESOURCES EXHAUSTION
ALTERATION OF THE ECOSYSTEMS’ BALANCE
(damaging outputs of extractive processes)

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OUTPUT AND ITS (DAMAGING) EFFECTS
global warming (greenhouse effect)
ozone layer depletion
eutrophication
acidification
smog
toxicity
wastes
...

Carlo Vezzoli

ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS IN DESIGN

CAN WE ASSOCIATE THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
TO A PRODUCT?
AND HOW?

APPROACHES:
- PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
- FUNCTIONAL UNIT

EVALUATION METHOD:
- LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

Carlo Vezzoli

PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN: APPROACH

an extended design horizon
from product design
to the design of the product life cycle stages

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LIFE CYCLE

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pr product’s
ing

life cycle
ie v
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res

Carlo Vezzoli


from product design
the design “reference”
from product design
to product’s “function” design

Carlo Vezzoli

FUNCTIONAL APPROACH

IS NOT THE PRODUCT TO BE DESIGNED
(ASSESSED) BUT, THE WHOLE OF THE
PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE
FULFILLMENT OF A GIVEN FUNCTION

Carlo Vezzoli


from product design

the design “reference”
from product design
to product’s “function” design

the environmental design “objective”
minimise the environmental impact of the whole of
the phases in relation to the functional unit

Carlo Vezzoli

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF
PRODUCT

LCA: LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
a quantitative method to assess the environmental
effects of the life cycle of a given product/service in
relation to its functional unit

ISO 14040

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e.g. LCA upholstered seat (8 years life span)

PRE-PROD. DISTRIBUT. USE DISPOSAL
PRODUCTION

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e.g. LCA refrigerator (10 years life span)

PRE-PROD. DISTRIBUT. USE DISPOSAL
PRODUCTION

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PRODUCT LYFE CYCLE DESIGN: DEFINITION

“the design of the product life cycle
stages that, while considering all
requirements, aims at minimising
the environmental impact of the
whole of the life cycle phases in
relation to the functional unit”

(Vezzoli & Manzini, Springer, London, 2008)

Carlo Vezzoli

LCD: ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA

RESOURCES MINIMISATION
LOW IMPACT RESOURCES SELECTION
PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION
MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION
DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

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RESOURCES MINIMISATION
quantitative impact reduction

DESIGN FOR:

MATERAIL USE MINIMISATION
in all life cycle phases (as a whole)

ENERGY USE MINIMISATION

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EX. MATERIALS CONSUMPTION MINIMISATION

Ikea Air sofa,
Ikea

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EX. ENERGIES CONSUMPTION MINIMISATION

FRIA,
refrigerator,
Tischner

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LOW IMPACT RESOURCES SELECTION
qualitative impact reduction

DESIGN FOR:
RESOURCES CONSERVATION/RENEWABILITY

RESOURCES NON TOXICITY AND HARMFULNESS

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EX. TOXICITY AND HARMFULNESS MINIMISATION

rags for cleaning in
micro-fiber (no
need for
detergent)

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EX. ENERGY RENEWABILITY IMPROVEMENT

Solar
shuttle,
Kopf Umwelt

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EX. MATERIAL BIO-COMPATIBILITY IMPROVEMENT

gardening
vase in
mater-B,
cornstarch
bio-deg.
polimer by
Novamont

Carlo Vezzoli

RESOURCES RENEWABILITY

DEPENDS ON:
- RE-GROWING SPECIFIC SPEED
- EXTRACTION FREQUENCY

a resource is renewable if:
a context related
anthropic consumption rate < natural re-growing rate

Carlo Vezzoli

MATERIALS’ ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

DEPENDS ON:
- MATERIAL-SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS
- CHARACTERISTICS GIVEN TO PRODUCT

A RANKING FROM THE BEST TO THE WORST IS
(USUALLY) “MISLEADING ”

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DESIGN FOR:
EXTENDING PRODUCT (COMPONENT) LIFE SPAN
INTENSIFYING PRODUCT (COMPONENT) USE

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EX. PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION

CARE, changing top>kids table>writing desk, Stokke

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AVOIDED IMPACTS LIGHTER IMPACTS
SHORT product/component life

PRE-PRODUCTION PRE-PRODUCTION

PRODUCTION PRODUCTION NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND
TECHNIQUES WITH LOWER
DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION USE CONSUMPTION

USE USE

DISPOSAL

same function in time

DISP.

USE USE

DISTRIBUTION DISTRIB.
UPDATING OF THE COMPONENTS
PROD. CAUSING CONSUMPTION
PRODUCTION

PRE-PRODUCTION P-PROD.

EXTENDED product/component life

Carlo Vezzoli

AVOIDED IMPACTS
product/component INTENSE life

PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTR. DISPOS.

A1 B1 C1 B2 A2 C2 B3 A3 C3

LIFE INDIPENDENT FROM LENGHT OF USE
use (function) during time


A1 A2 A3


B1 B2 B3


C1 C2 C3

products/components NOT INTENSE life

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DESIGN FOR:

RECYCLING

ENERGY RECOVERY

COMPOSTING

Carlo Vezzoli

AVOIDED IMPACTS ADDITIONAL IMPACTS

material NON-EXTENDED life

LANDFILL

PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE

PRE- PRE-PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION


RECYCLING
COMBUSTION
COMPOSTING


PRE-
PRODUCTION
material EXTENDED life

Carlo Vezzoli

MATERIALS’ RECYCLABILITY (COMB., COMP.)

DIPENDS ON:

- SPECIFIC MATERIAL’S CHARACTERISTICS
performances recovery (and costs of process)

- PRODUCT’S ARCHITECTURE

- RECYCLING PHASES

Carlo Vezzoli

POST-CONSUMPTION RECYCLING PHASES:
(COMBUSTION, COMPOSTING)
. collection
. transportation
. separation (disassembly a/o crushing)
. identification
. cleaning
. secondary raw material’s production

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EX. MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION

water
bottle for
easy
recycling,
EVIAN

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DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

> of parts/components

> of materials

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EX. DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
Mirra seat,
Herman Miller

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PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN:
METHODS/TOOLS
some have been developed (according to ISO/TR
14062:2002 Environmental management - Integrating environmental
aspects into product design and development)

…
UNEP-TUD (D4S) POLIMI-DIS (MPDS)
Carlo Vezzoli

MPDS: Method for Product Design for Environmental Sustainability

(developed and adopted by DIS-Polimi)
processes/tools PRODUCT DESIGN processes/tools
to orientate PHASES envirnomental assesm.

(brief) LCA on reference
environmental design
priorities identification: product for design:
product
sch. IPSA/radar (ICS) es. SIMAPRO
strategies

sustainability-focused abrdiged LCA check:
ideas generation: es. SIMAPRO
tavole eco-idee (ICS) product qualitative check:
cecklist (ICS)
check of sustainability concept
design priorities:
sch. IPSA/radar (ICS)
abrdiged LCA on
potential impact
most promising product reduction:
concept selection design es. SIMAPRO
qualitative check:
cecklist (ICS)
low environmental
impact
processes selection: LCA of comparisonfor
tools to orientate ingegner. environmental quality
specific environmental communication:
issues es. idemat es. SIMAPRO

Carlo Vezzoli

Eco-idea tables_ICS toolkit
… SOME OF THE MPDS TOOLS
Idea 3
Idea 1

Checklist (guidelies related)_ICS toolkit

Idea 2

Multicriteria Radar_ICS toolkit

free download at
www.lens.polimi.it / tools
Carlo Vezzoli

if you want to know more on:
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
(LECTURER’S BIBLIOGRAPHY)

Carlo Vezzoli

2. product life cycle design vezzoli 12 13 (41)

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