1. Exploring the Order of Precedence when Using Contextual Dimensions for Mobile Information Delivery Laura Crane Dr. Phil Benachour Dr. Paul Coulton LMLG Crossing Boundaries Conference Bremen 21st March 2011 l.crane@lancaster.ac.uk

2. Background Delivering VLE information onto mobile platforms using RSS and Twitter. Positive results, but time of updates became a key discussion. Frequency of updates not imperative for students.

3. Background – Spatial vs Temporal Using RSS and GPS technology to deliver information based on time or location. Two groups of users spanning two semesters. Study ending within the next two weeks.

4. Preliminary Background Results

5. Defining Context Schilit, Adams & Want (1994) Zimmerman, Lorenz & Opperman (2007) Dey (2001) Barwise (1980) Schmidt, Beigl,& Gellersen (1999) Lonsdale, Vavoula & Sharples (2004)

6. Dimensions of Context Zimmermann, A., Lorenz, A.,& Oppermann, R. (2007). An operational definition of context. In B. Kokinov (ed.),Sixth International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modelling and Using Context .pp. 558-571.

7. Dimensions of Context

8. Rationale for Study “..We cannot enumerate which aspects of all situations are important, as this will change from situation to situation” Dey 2001. Students perspective on their own contexts. Useful for further work & studies for delivering information to mobile devices. Dey, A. K. (2001). Understanding and using context. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Special issue on Situated Interaction and Ubiquitous Computing 5 (1).

10. Weekday Morning

11. Designated Study area on campus

12. Lunchtime

13. Student Residences

14. EveningResults of Survey 1 Results of Survey 2 Results of Survey 3

15. Results - Study 1

16. Results – Study 2

17. Results – Study 3

18. Aggregated Results

19. Overall Order of Precedence for Study

20. Points for Further Work Investigation of ‘levels’ of dimensions. Investigation & development of mobile applications for other dimensions. Precedence of dimensions in situ, rather than in hypothetical situation.

21. References Barwise, J.(1987). Situations and small worlds. In The Situation in Logic, CSLI Lecture Notes, pp. 79-92. Crane, L., Benachour, P., and Coulton, P., “Dissemination of Learning Services: Using RSS for m-learning”, in Proceeding of the IADIS International Conference for Mobile Learning 2010, Porto, Portugal, March 2010 Dey, A. K. (2001). Understanding and using context. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Special issue on Situated Interaction and Ubiquitous Computing 5 (1). Falk J.H & Dierking L.D. (2002). Lessons without Limits: How free-choice learning is transforming education. Institute for Learning Innovation. Sharples, M., M. Milrad, I. Arnedillo Sánchez and Vavoula, G. (2009).Mobile Learning:Small devices, Big Issues. In: Technology Enhanced Learning: Principles and Products. Heidelberg, Springer. pp 233-249. Syvänen, A., Beale, R., Sharples, M., Ahonen, M. and Lonsdale, P. (2005). Supporting Pervasive Learning Environments: Adaptability and Context Awareness in Mobile Learning. International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education, pp. 251-253. Zimmermann, A., Lorenz, A.,& Oppermann, R. (2007). An operational definition of context. In B. Kokinov (ed.),Sixth International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modelling and Using Context .pp. 558-571.