1. 1.0 Executive Summary
This report details the findings, designs, and cost estimate to determine if a Run-of-
River System is feasible in respect to overall material cost and design parameters of a
water diversion structure, turbine/generator station, and sustainable housing development.
Shorts Creek located in Fintry, BC offers a suitable pressure head due to large elevation
differences making this location suitable for this type of project. Components of the
feasibility investigation included:
Collecting hydrology data for Shorts Creek for analysis to determine flow rates
and available energy.
Designing a water diversion structure used to divert a portion of water through the
penstock to the turbine/generator station.
Designing a turbine/generator model and housing including a tailrace design.
Reducing the housing development power consumption.
Designing sustainable homes constructed from reused sea-cans.
Compiling licenses, permits, approvals, regulations, practices and acts to be
employed throughout the design and construction phases.
2. Shorts Creek drains a watershed of 182 km2
and provides an elevation difference of
30m between the diversion site and turbine site. Flow rate averages vary from 1.9m3
/s to
0.504 m3
/s which are sufficient for power generation. The Run-of-River system is
designed to create minimal impact on aquatic life as well as the overall flow of Shorts
Creek by only removing water from where it is not possible for aquatic life to reach and
returning it in a laminar state where they are located.
The diversion structure has factors of safety against sliding and overturning equal to
16.72 and 14.05 respectively. The Coanda Screen, a wire grate that skims the bottom
layers of the water flow into a collection channel, is housed on top of the concrete wall
structure and is capable of diverting and screening a max flow 1.14m3
/s. Excess flow
within the diversion structure channel not entering the 200mm penstock will overflow
through 9-75mm ∅ pipes back into the stream bed.
The Dual Nozzle Turgo XJ30-15SCTF4/6-Z Turbine is capable of operating at 30m
pressure head with a flow rate of 60-70 l/s and has an electricity output of 15kW. This
model was chosen due to its approximate dimensions of 1.26m x 0.93m x 0.98m and its
flow requirements stated above. Upon exiting the turbine, water will flow through a
tailrace section designed to return it back to laminar flow and regulate the temperature
before re-entering Shorts Creek.
Generated hydro-electricity will be stored in 32-7kWh Tesla Power-walls that act as a
buffer for power consumption of the homes. Direct linkages from the homes to the
turbine/generator are not provided as the amount of electricity would need to be greatly
increased in order to meet the direct demand.
3. The housing development is designed using reused sea-cans. Each house has been
designed to be both environmentally and economically friendly, while still providing a
comfortable, modern environment. The housing development as a whole is designed to
have a total consumption equal to 108,209 kWh/yr.
Multiple licenses, permits, and approvals such as Application for Licences under
the Water Act, Government Permits and Approvals, and the BC Hydro Electricity
Purchase Agreement are required as well as regulations, practices, and acts pertaining to
construction within creek beds, etc. that must be followed throughout the life time of this
project.
Adequate flows and elevation differences are evident within the Okanagan
Region allowing for sufficient hydroelectricity to be generated for supplying sustainable
housing developments. The feasibility investigation of a Run-of-River project in the
Okanagan Region proves that yes, if your flows and pressure head are suitable, the cost
of such a project is feasible.
4. I
Table of Contents
1.0 Executive Summary.............................................................................................. I
Table of Contents............................................................................................................ I
2.0 Introduction..........................................................................................................1
3.0 Background ..........................................................................................................2
4.0 Scope....................................................................................................................3
5.0 Hydrology ............................................................................................................4
5.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................4
5.2 Watershed for Shorts Creek...............................................................................4
5.3 Flow Rates (Min, Max, etc...)............................................................................5
Table 1 - Hydrology Data for Shorts Creek......................................................................5
5.4 Flow Duration and Power Generation................................................................6
5.5 In Stream Flow Requirements ...........................................................................7
5.6 Power Generation..............................................................................................9
6.0 Run of River System...........................................................................................10
6.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................10
6.2 Design Criteria................................................................................................11
6.2.1 Diversion Structure ..................................................................................11
5. II
6.2.2 Pipe Network ...........................................................................................11
6.2.3 Turbine/Generator....................................................................................11
6.3 Water Diversion..............................................................................................12
6.3.1 Concrete Structure....................................................................................12
6.3.2 Coanda Screen .........................................................................................12
6.3.3 Factor of Safety & Structural Analysis .....................................................13
6.3.4 Water Collection ......................................................................................13
6.3.5 Low Flow.................................................................................................14
6.3.6 Freezing...................................................................................................14
Table 4 - Fintry, BC Climate Averages..........................................................................14
6.3.7 Prevention of Bed Material Buildup .........................................................16
6.3.8 Debris and Clogging ................................................................................16
6.3.9 Maintenance............................................................................................17
6.3.10 Pipe Network...............................................................................................17
6.4 Turbine/Generator Station ...............................................................................18
6.4.1 Turbine Type ...........................................................................................18
6.4.3 Housing ...................................................................................................18
6.4.4 Tailrace....................................................................................................18
6.4.5 Electrical Transmission ............................................................................19
6. III
6.4.6 Power Storage (Tesla Power-wall) ...........................................................19
6.4.7 How It Works ..........................................................................................19
6.4.8 Demand vs. Excess ..................................................................................20
Table 5 - Home Consumption vs. Generated Power.......................................................20
6.5 Conclusion......................................................................................................21
7.0 Sea-Can Sustainable Houses...............................................................................22
7.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................22
7.2 Background.....................................................................................................22
7.4 Power Consumption Analysis..........................................................................23
7.4.1 Average Consumption..............................................................................23
Figure 5 - Household Electricity Consumption per Country...........................................24
7.4.2 Reducing Consumption............................................................................25
7.5 Home Design ..................................................................................................27
7.5.1 Utilization of Breezeway..........................................................................27
Figure 6 - Breezeway Process........................................................................................27
7.5.2 Class One.................................................................................................28
7.5.3 Class Two ................................................................................................28
7.5.4 Class Three ..............................................................................................28
7.5.5 Overall Energy Requirements...................................................................29
7. IV
7.6 House Construction.........................................................................................29
7.6.1 Sea-Can House vs. Traditional Wood Frame ............................................29
7.6.2 Foundation...............................................................................................30
7.7 Housing Development.....................................................................................31
8.0 Bylaws, Regulations, and Licensing....................................................................32
8.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................32
8.4 Application for Licences under the Water Act .................................................33
8.5 Government Permits and Approvals ................................................................33
8.6 BC Hydro Standing Offer Program .................................................................34
8.7 Requirements for Instream Works ...................................................................34
Figure 7 - Acts Applying to Instream Works .................................................................35
8.8 Insurance.........................................................................................................36
9.0 Project Cost Analysis..........................................................................................37
9.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................37
10.0 Feasibility...........................................................................................................38
10.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................38
10.2 Determination of Feasibility............................................................................38
10.3 Available Flow within Shorts Creek................................................................38
10.4 Terrain (elevations) .........................................................................................39
8. V
10.5 Initial Cost vs. Return......................................................................................39
11.0 Summary............................................................................................................40
12.0 Appendices.........................................................................................................42
12.1 Appendices A (Project Background) ...............................................................43
Appendix A-1 ........................................................................................................44
12.2 Appendices B (Hydrology)..............................................................................45
Appendix B-1.........................................................................................................46
Appendix B-2.........................................................................................................47
Appendix B-3.........................................................................................................48
12.3 Appendices C (Run of River System)..............................................................49
Appendix C-1.........................................................................................................50
Appendix C-2.........................................................................................................51
Appendix C-3.........................................................................................................52
Appendix C-4.........................................................................................................53
Appendix C-5.........................................................................................................54
Appendix C-6.........................................................................................................55
Appendix C-7.........................................................................................................56
Appendix C-8.........................................................................................................57
12.4 Appendices D (Sea-Can Sustainable Houses) ..................................................58
11. 1
2.0 Introduction
With the available streams and mountainous terrain available in the Okanagan region,
there seems to be no reason why run-of-river hydroelectricity is not being used to power
sustainable housing developments. The objective of this project was to determine
whether or not a run-of-river project would be feasible to power a housing development
in the Okanagan. The following key aspects can be found in the report:
Collecting hydrology data for Shorts Creek for analysis to determine flow rates
and available energy.
A design and materials cost estimate of the Run-of-River system including
diversion weir, pipe network, and the turbine/generator station.
Analysis for the power consumption of the housing development.
Design and materials cost for three classes of sea-can homes.
Outline of required federal and provincial licenses, permits, approvals, and
applicable regulations for small hydro projects.
Concluding the report is the feasibility determination by means of comparing
available electricity produced by the run-of-river system to the electricity consumption of
the housing development.
12. 2
3.0 Background
The realization that run-of-river electricity can be generated from smaller streams
without the use of large storage reservoirs has contributed to the increase in small-hydro
and non-storage hydro production in British Columbia. BC Hydro stated, “As of October
1, 2014, BC Hydro has 92 Electricity Purchase Agreements (EPAs) with IPPs whose
projects are currently delivering power to BC Hydro. These projects represent 16,585
gigawatt hours of annual supply and 3,914 megawatts of capacity.” (BC Hydro EPA
List), many of which are non-storage hydro projects, which equates to approximately
38.5% of the total 43,000 gigawatt hours1 1
generated annually by BC Hydro. The next
forward thinking move is to begin supplying sustainable housing developments with
power generated with Run-of-River systems on local streams. Shorts Creek located in
Fintry, British Columbia was selected for our feasibility study due to the terrain and
size/geography of the draining watershed. Please refer to Appendix A-1 for the location
of the Run-of-River system and the housing development within Fintry BC.
1
https://www.bchydro.com/energy-in-bc/our_system/generation.html
13. 3
4.0 Scope
The scope of the report includes the following:
Analysis for the hydrology of Shorts Creek located in Fintry, BC to determine
flow rates and available energy.
A design and materials cost estimate of the Run-of-River system including
diversion weir, pipe network, and the turbine/generator station including housing
and tailrace design.
Analysis and reduction of the power consumption for the housing development to
ensure an efficient consumption rate.
Design and materials cost estimate for three classes of sea-can homes.
Identification of required federal and provincial licenses, permits, approvals, and
applicable regulations for small hydro projects.
Summary of the feasibility determination by means of comparing the generated
electricity to the power consumption of the housing development.
This report will not include a cost summary of any labour, equipment, transportation,
or site mobilization/demobilization costs. Also not included is the cost of acquiring the
land, or the design and cost for the subdivision road or municipal services.
Sections of this report are presented in the order of:
Hydrology – Data analysis of flows and yearly climate history for Shorts
Creek.
Run-of-River Hydropower System – Designs for the water diversion
structure, turbine/generator system and tailrace layout.
Sea-Can Sustainable Homes – Designs and consumption tables showing
what is being included in the housing development to make it more efficient.
Bylaws, Regulations, and Licensing – Information on what type of bylaws,
regulations, and licenses that are required before commencing construction.
Project Cost Analysis – Presents material costs estimates for the Run-of-
River System and the Sustainable Housing Development.
Project Feasibility – Conclusion for the feasibility of a Run-of-River Project
and explanation of why it is feasible or not.
14. 4
5.0 Hydrology
5.1 Introduction
To determine if the Run-of-River system is feasible in the Fintry area, analysis of
the hydrology and watershed of Shorts Creek is essential. Through review of stream flow
information from the Government of Canada, minimum and maximum flows were
obtained over an annual spectrum. Calculations were then made to determine the flow
duration and the power that can be generated from Shorts Creek. This section includes
background of the watershed draining into Shorts Creek followed by an in depth
hydrology analysis of the flow rates to determine flow duration and the available power
to be generated. The following section contains the findings and conclusions from our
hydrology study.
5.2 Watershed for Shorts Creek
The watershed area of Shorts Creek is approximately 182 km2
and with Shorts
Creek flowing directly into Okanagan Lake. Due to the Central Okanagan location of the
watershed, the area is more susceptible to frequent precipitation in comparison to the
drier climate of Kelowna. Being a fairly large watershed with higher precipitation than
typically seen in the Okanagan, flow rates in Shorts Creek vary throughout the seasons
with a minimum mean flow rate of 0.504m3
/s and a maximum mean flow rate of 1.9m3
/s and allow for a Run-of-River design to be calculated in order to determine the
efficiency of generating hydropower.
15. 5
5.3 Flow Rates (Min, Max, etc...)
Hydrology data for Shorts Creek was found from the Government of Canada for
years 1969-1982. For the run of the river design we will be using the mean flow rates,
furthermore; the flow in January starts at 0.089m3
/s rises to a max of 6.52m3
/s in the
month of May then falling back to the minimum in January as seen in Table 1 and figure
1.
Table 1 - Hydrology Data for Shorts Creek
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Mean
Mean 0.089 0.105 0.219 1 6.52 3.13 0.64 0.251 0.197 0.175 0.177 0.126 1.06
Max 0.256 0.358 0.572 2.48 10.5 7.59 1.79 1.72 0.705 0.503 0.651 0.412 1.9
Min 0.025 0.023 0.058 0.207 3.27 0.912 0.103 0.006 0.004 0.015 0.035 0.011 0.504
Hydrology Data For Shorts Creek (m3/s)
16. 6
5.4 Flow Duration and Power Generation
The flow duration curve is used to determine the percentage of time that the flow
within a stream is likely to exceed a certain value. This was used to determine what
percent of the time there would be adequate flow to operate the turbine. As an example,
looking at figure 2, the in-stream flow will be equal to or exceed 2.5m3
/s 10% of the
time.
Figure 2 – Flow Duration Curve
Figure 1 – Hydrology Graph
17. 7
5.5 In Stream Flow Requirements
Shorts Creek located in Fintry, BC has a triad of natural waterfalls leading to
Okanagan Lake. Below the waterfalls, Shorts Creek offers important spawning grounds
for Kokanee and Trout. The elevation change provided by the waterfalls offers a
desirable pressure head for a Run-of-River project.
In stream flow requirements are requirements regarding the amount of water that
can be extracted without negatively affecting the fish or fish habitat. Calculating this
number is a lengthy process that is usually determined in the B.C water license. Two
scenarios were modelled for instream flow requirements. One set at 1m3
/s and another at
0.5m3
/s. These values were chosen as they are representative of the mean minimum and
maximum annual flow rates discussed in section 5.2. The amount of time the turbine can
be operated is shown in a logarithmic scale of the flow duration curve seen in figure 3
below.
18. 8
Analyzing the scenarios with an instream flow requirement of 1m3
/s, the turbine
can only be operated 20% of the time; furthermore, using a requirement of 0.5m3
/s, the
turbine can be operated for approximately 30% of the time. For design and feasibility
purposes, this requirement will be ignored to allow for design standards to be established
for streams with higher flow rates.
Figure 3 - Instream Flow Requirements
19. 9
Table 3 - Available Horse Power from Shorts Creek
Table 3 - Kilowatts of Shorts Creek
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Mean
Mean 72239 177757 811674 811674 5292114 2540539 519471 203730 159900 142043 143666 102271 860374
Max 207789 290579 464278 2012951 8522576 6160605 1452896 1396079 572230 408272 528400 334410 1542180
Min 20292 18669 47077 168017 2654174 740247 83602 4870 3247 12175 28409 8928 409084
kwh/year
5.6 Power Generation
To determine the potential power we can generate the following formulas were used.
Power = Discharge x Specific Weight of Water x Head (P = gQH) (lbf-ft/s or HP
or KW) see table 2
Energy = Power x Time Interval (KW-hr) see table 3
Energy (KW-hr-year) = energy (KW-hr) x 8760 Hrs. see table 4
The amount of power able to be generated was calculated to = 860,347.3 kWh/yr.
Table 2 - Available kwh/year from Shorts Creek
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Mean
Mean 8 10 20 93 604 290 290 59 18 16 16 12 98
Max 24 33 53 230 973 703 166 159 65 47 60 38 176
Min 2 2 5 19 303 85 10 1 0 1 3 1 47
Kilowatts of Shorts Creek
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Mean
Mean 11.1 13.0 27.2 124.2 809.8 388.8 79.5 31.2 24.5 21.7 22.0 15.7 131.7
Max 31.8 44.5 71.0 308.0 1304.2 942.7 222.3 213.6 87.6 62.5 80.9 51.2 236.0
Min 3.1 2.9 7.2 25.7 406.2 113.3 12.8 0.1 0.5 1.9 4.3 1.4 62.6
Horse Power of Shorts Creek
20. 10
6.0 Run of River System
6.1 Introduction
The Run-of-River system design overview outlined below is comprised of three
main sections. The Concrete Structure, the Coanda Screen Structure, and the Pipe
Network System for water transfer. Shorts Creek has a large change in elevation from
where the water diversion structure is located and the turbine location. The water
diversion structure is located where an old diversion structure was constructed in 1912
approximately 150m upstream from Fintry Falls and offers a more even surface to build
on. The 30m change in elevation due to the falls makes for a suitable site to build such a
project. The Coanda Screen is a wedge wire screen that skims the bottom layers of water
flow as it passes over and directs it into the inner flow channel located within the
concrete structure. This section outlines the design criteria and designs of both the water
diversion structure as well as the turbine/generator system.
21. 11
6.2 Design Criteria
Design criteria for the Run of River system is as follows:
6.2.1 Diversion Structure
Diversion structure must span entire width of stream bed to ensure all water
flows over the Coanda Screen.
Diversion structure must not store a large volume of water to ensure the
classification of this project remains Run-of-River.
Diversion structure must be able to withstand a Q200 storm as the Coanda
Screen is designed to withstand this level of storm. Determination of a Q200
storm was determined by using the yearly flows of Shorts Creek.
Diversion structure must have an overflow bypass to relieve excess flow from
screens to prevent backflow back through the screen.
Coanda Screen must not allow debris to enter system.
Inner flow trough must have an overflow to prevent backflow through
screens.
6.2.2 Pipe Network
Pipe must be safe for aquatic life.
Pipe must be able to withstand freezing temperatures.
Pipe must be able to flex and bend to natural ground contours.
Pipe must require low maintenance.
Pipe must be able to withstand UV radiation.
6.2.3 Turbine/Generator
Turbine must operate in low flow rates.
Turbine must generate a minimum of 108, 209 kwh/year as calculated in section
7.5.5.
Turbine tailrace must return water to stream with laminar flow and neutralized
temperature to eliminate disruption of existing creek bed and habitat.
22. 12
6.3 Water Diversion
6.3.1 Concrete Structure
The water diversion structure is a 1.486m tall concrete weir spanning 5m
across Shorts Creek canyon. A total concrete volume of ≈7m3
(6.9322m3
)
including a 10% waste factor will comprise the seating structure for the Coanda
Screen Intake. Please refer to Appendix C-1, C-2, C-3 for drawing & design
details. The structure design has been calculated to withstand recorded yearly
heavy flows of 14.5m3
/s (Water Office Canada) due to spring run-off and excess
rainfall by ensuring the overturning moment resistances are greater than that of
the overturning moments imposed by the force of the water.
6.3.2 Coanda Screen
The Coanda Screen Intake Structure is made up of three main sections, the
acceleration plate, wedge wire screen, and outfall. See Appendix C-2 for section,
front elevation and isometric views. The acceleration plate increases the water
velocity before it crosses the wedge wire screen that in turn removes the bottom
layer of water flow in incremental stages as it passes over. The outfall assembly
provides the water with direction back into the natural stream bed reducing any
erosion.
The Coanda Screen design ensures ≈95% of the soils, silts, and sands that
are less than 1mm in diameter will flow past the screen, with ≈5% falling through
to the penstock intake. Refer to Appendix C-4 (Wedge Wire Detail). The Coanda
Screen provided by Cook Legacy Water & Energy is designed to withstand a 200
year storm event.
23. 13
6.3.3 Factor of Safety & Structural Analysis
Sliding of the structure along the foundation bed will occur if the
horizontal force due to water pressure is greater that the friction force applied by
the foundation bed. Overturning of the structure about the toe point will occur if
the righting moment of the dam is less than the overturning moment due to
horizontal water pressure. The ratio of each factor shall be no less than 3. In order
to ensure a stable structure able to withstand these applied forces, confirmation
for the factors of safety were calculated.
The factor of safety against sliding, with mechanical attachment to the
stream bed, was calculated to be 16.72. 35-15M deformed bars for mechanical
attachment are staggered in two rows along the length of the structure, please
refer to Appendix C-1, C-2. 13 bars will be bored vertically 0.5m into un-
weathered bedrock to create shear resistance to sliding, and 12 bars will be bored
in at a 45° angle to create tensile resistance against sliding, again 0.5m into un-
weathered bedrock. The factor of safety against overturning was calculated to be
14.05.
6.3.4 Water Collection
Upon passing the intake screen, collected water will flow into a 0.15m
deep x 0.2m wide inner channel directing it to the 200mm HDPE penstock intake,
please refer to Appendix C-2. The inner channel is designed like this to allow for
the air bubbles to escape and for the flow to be equalized before entering the
penstock ensuring a full flowing pipe. Water that does not enter the penstock
overflows through 9-76mm ∅ pipes back into the creek.
24. 14
6.3.5 Low Flow
Warmer months of the year as well as winter months result in lower flow
rates within streams. The 1.486m tall structure will always have a small reservoir
standing behind it. Although flows may be minimal, water will always be flowing
over the Coanda Screen. Records show that Shorts Creek has not dried completely
but if it were to freeze or dry out, precautionary measures have been included in
the designs which include backup electricity to be provided by BC Hydro. During
low flow times, water intake will be reduced to prevent total stream flow intake
into the penstock by means of reducing the flow flowing through the turbine.
6.3.6 Freezing
The location of Fintry has a moderate climate in reference to negative
temperatures that would create ice. Below is a table showing the variance in
temperature on a monthly basis.
Table 4 - Fintry, BC Climate Averages
Months Normal Warmest Coldest
January -4.5°C -0.7°C -8.4°C
February -1.7°C 2.8°C -6.3°C
March 3.4°C 9.4°C -2.7°C
April 7.9°C 15.2°C 0.5°C
May 12.4°C 20.0°C 4.7°C
June 16.4°C 24.3°C 8.4°C
July 18.8°C 27.6°C 10.0°C
August 18.5°C 27.2°C 9.7°C
September 13.1°C 20.9°C 5.3°C
October 7.0°C 13.5°C 0.5°C
November 1.3°C 5.4°C -2.9°C
December -3.3°C 0.2°C -6.9°C
Fintry, BC Climate History
http://www.yr.no/place/Canada/British_Columbia/Fintry/statistics.html
25. 15
During the winter months (December – February) sub-zero temperatures
reach -8.4°C with normal temperatures maintaining approximately -3.3°C.
Although this does not show flow rates, it does show which months would create
the most ice.Constant water flow over the diversion structure will ensure
minimum to non-existent freezing with the possibility of minor freeze areas
caused by frazil ice. Frazil ice is a collection of loose, randomly oriented needle-
shaped ice crystals in water. It resembles slush and has the appearance of being
slightly oily when seen on the surface of water. Frazil ice is the type of ice that
will form in a flowing stream and slowly build up along structures until it
solidifies.
There are little precautionary designs to prevent ice that can be
incorporated other than ensuring the water velocity is kept at a constant as it flows
over the acceleration plate. By maintaining a constant flow over the screen, Cook
Legacy Water & Energy claim that they have never had a problem with water
freezing within the structure.
26. 16
6.3.7 Prevention of Bed Material Buildup
Naturally, streams transfer a multitude of soils, silts, sands, gravels, and
boulders downstream, over the course of the year. The prevent the build-up of
sands, silts and organics against the water diversion structure, a 1.0m tall concrete
triangular block with a 45° upward slope will act as a ramp during high flows.
High flow rates in the stream create higher turbidity levels with many suspended
solids in the water. Implementing a 45° ramp allows for the natural process of
mineral transportation to still take place instead of a 90° wall that will create an
area of no velocity resulting in a large buildup of particles.
6.3.8 Debris and Clogging
Coanda Screen designs allow for excess water flows containing large
amounts of debris to flow over with little to no clogging of the wire openings.
Below is a picture showing a large log that rolled over a Coanda Screen structure
resulting in minimal damage (minor wire indents). If clogging occurs on the
screen, manual removal is required.
Figure 4 - Coanda Screen Debris
27. 17
6.3.9 Maintenance
Coanda Screens are designed to lower or nearly eliminate the need for
regular maintenance. Screens are ASTM Type 304/304L stainless steel, please
refer to Appendix C-4; therefore, corrosion and rust will not be of concern.
Maintenance on the water diversion structure as a whole will mainly be
inspections of the different assemblies. Any debris build up present on the screens
will be removed and any silt build up present in the inner water channel removed
as well.
6.3.10 Pipe Network
HDPE pipe will transfer water from the diversion site down to the turbine
generator site located 30m vertically below and approximately 385m horizontally.
HDPE hydraulic characteristics include low roughness coefficient, zero need for
joints as it is fused, and lastly it is capable of contouring to the original ground
surface without cracking or breaking.
28. 18
6.4 Turbine/Generator Station
6.4.1 Turbine Type
The type of turbine selected to generate electricity to charge the Tesla
Power-walls is a Turgo style Turbine. The Dual Nozzle Turgo XJ30-15SCTF4/6-
Z Turbine is capable of operating at 30m pressure head with a flow rate of 60-70
l/s and has an electricity output of 15kW. This model was chosen due to its
approximate dimensions of 1.26m x 0.93m x 0.98m and its flow requirements
stated above. The turbines inner nozzle is angled at 22.5° to the inner runner
rotation surface and it converts water coming from the penstock to a high speed
jet that causes the runner to rotate. Turgo turbines are simple structures that are
reliable, and easy to maintain and manage. Refer to Appendix C-5 for
manufacturer specifications for the Turbine/Generator System.
6.4.2 Housing
The housing for the Turbine/Generator System will be a 10’ x 8’ sea-can.
The foundation will consist of a 6” concrete slab on grade, which will provide a
stable surface to secure the sea-can to and prevent movement due to the thrust of
water entering the turbine. Refer to Appendix C-6.
6.4.3 Tailrace
Tailrace is a channel of water flowing below a dam or watermill. The
tailrace for the water outfall has been designed to neutralize the water temperature
and return the flow to laminar conditions before re-entering Shorts Creek. This is
done to ensure minimal erosion and impact on the aquatic habitat. Refer to
Appendix C-6.
29. 19
6.4.4 Electrical Transmission
The type of cable used for electrical transmission will be a single phase,
underground wire. A single phase underground wire will be capable of
transmitting 400V of electricity from the turbine/generator station to the housing
development.
6.4.5 Power Storage (Tesla Power-wall)
The use of Tesla battery packs is an efficient way to store power from the
turbine with an esthetically pleasing look. This concept allows for power to be
completely off grid with a 7kWh model for daily cycle applications. These
models can be bundled to provide more power for bigger home or an entire
housing development.
6.4.6 How It Works
Tesla Power-walls supply stored electricity to the housing development,
charged by the Turgo turbine throughout the day. The inverter converts direct
current electricity into an alternating current using a DC-DC converter, this
controls power flow allowing use of outlets and appliances throughout the houses.
30. 20
6.4.7 Demand vs. Excess
Demand for power occurs when the total power consumption of multiple
homes is greater than the total charge time of the Tesla Power-walls supplying
each. Demand will be at a maximum during the evening hours; therefore, the
Turgo Turbine will be operating at its optimum rpm for the requirement during
the late evening hours until dusk. Operating at full capacity during the night hours
allows for maximum water intake but still not removing all water from Shorts
Creek.
Excess generated power will occur when all Tesla Power-walls are fully
charged. Generating electricity with nowhere to store it will burn the generator
out and cause damage; therefore, 1 of 2 different scenarios will occur.
Scenario 1: The Turgo Turbine dual water nozzle can be
reduced down to a single nozzle; therefore, matching the
consumption of the homes based on the hourly
consumption rate shown in Appendix D-4. The flow can
also be shut off stopping any water flowing down the
penstock to the turbine. Stopping the flow of water allows
for any required maintenance on the turbine or generator to
be completed.
To prevent flooding and back flow through the Coanda
Screen, 9 -75mm conduit pipes angled 30° below
horizontal will drain any flow not being consumed by the
penstock intake.
Table 5 - Home Consumption vs. Generated Power
Per year Per Day Per Hour
House Consumption 110375.8 302.4 12.6
Turbine Power
Generation Capabilities
131400 360 15
Batery Storage Capacity n/a 224 n/a
kwh
31. 21
Scenario 2: The Turgo Turbine continues operating at
peak optimum rpm’s and generated electricity is sold back
to BC Hydro. If stream flow in Shorts Creek is high,
scenario 2 is optimal as there is a smaller percentage of
total water flow being removed whilst still producing
maximum hydro-electricity.
6.5 Conclusion
In conclusion, the Run-of-River System has been designed to create minimal
impact on aquatic life as well as the overall flow of Shorts Creek. Every aspect of this
system has been reviewed to ensure the most efficient design for this application.
Minimal maintenance requirements are an important component due to the diversion
structures location within Shorts Creek. The selection of HDPE pipe was made due to its
resistance to stresses, UV exposure, corrosion, and its ability to be fused.
The simplistic design of the Turbine/Generator System and its housing allows for
ease of construction and installation. The Turbine/Generator System is located close to
the bank of Shorts Creek to allow for a shorter tailrace distance.
32. 22
7.0 Sea-Can Sustainable Houses
7.1 Introduction
Sea-Can containers have been utilized in the design to lower power consumption
with high efficiency, sustainable homes that have a low construction cost and a longer
than average service life. Sea-Cans were used for their lower price and ease of retrofitting
in respects to cutting walls, windows and doors, and linking multiple units together. The
purchaser will be able to choose between three different class sizes, all three are designed
to be environmentally and economically friendly, while still providing a comfortable and
modern living space. By analyzing the typical power consumption of an average
Canadian home, the designed power consumption has been reduced so that the power
stored in the Tesla Power-walls is greater than the power usage of the combined homes.
7.2 Background
There are 25 million unused shipping containers sitting in junkyards all around
Canada, which can be used for endless applications. The idea of Sea-can home
construction is expanding its popularity worldwide. Sea-Can home design has been used
for multiple demands worldwide such as student housing in Amsterdam, affordable
housing shortage in England and continues to grow as a residential opportunity that is
appealing to many who look to lessen their impact on the environment.
This section covers the power consumption analysis, home designs, home
material costs and housing development layout plan. A design configuration for each
class of home is presented along with corresponding cost analyses.
33. 23
7.3 Power Consumption Analysis
The following section summarizes the average consumption of a typical home in
Canada in comparison to the designed consumption of each Sea-Can home model. The
average consumption section outlines what an average Canadian home uses for
electricity. The reduced consumption section will detail each power consuming amenity
that will be included in the home design.
7.3.1 Average Consumption
The average energy consumption of a Canadian home is 11890kWh/yr,
according to World Energy Council (2010) (figure 6). This is due to the
appliances, heating, cooling, lighting and various other power consuming
amenities; many of which can be reduced through the choice of lower
consumption appliances and alternative options for heating and cooling systems.
34. 24
Figure 5 - Household Electricity Consumption per Country
35. 25
7.3.2 Reducing Consumption
Many considerations in the design have been made to ensure the energy
consumption of the homes are substantially lower than the average home in
Canada. All included appliances are Energy Star Certified and the lighting system
will consist of 10W dimmable LED lights along with Solar-tubes to be used
during the day. These homes have not been designed with an air conditioning
system, alternatively there will be a breezeway system integrated into each home,
allowing for controllable air circulation throughout the home. The following list
shows in detail all items that contribute to the electricity consumption per home.
7.3.2.1 Lighting
LED 10W lights
LED Compatible dimmers
Skylight tubing
Solatube 8” dia
Annual Consumption = 0W
7.3.2.2 Outlets
120V AC Outlet
Available Watt usage / outlet = 2400W
240V AC Outlet
Available Watt usage / outlet = 4800W
7.3.2.3 Heating
Hot Water Tank
GE - GeoSpring : GEH50DEEJSC
Energy Star Certified
Annual Consumption = 1295 KWh/yr
Ceramic Heater
Hunter - HPQ15C-EA
Annual Consumption = 1642 KWh/yr
36. 26
7.3.2.4 Cooling
Air ventilation breezeway system
Refer to section 7.5.1
Annual Consumption = 0
7.3.2.5 Appliances
Fridge
Summit - FF1085SS
Energy Star Certified
Annual Consumption = 296KWh/yr
Washer / Dryer Combo
LG - WM3997HWA
Energy Star Certified
Annual Consumption = 125KWh/yr
Stove
GE - PHS920SFSS
Energy Star Certified
Annual Consumption = 1642 KWh/yr
7.3.2.6 Electronics
Television
Samsung – 40” LED Curved Smart J6300 Series 6
Annual Consumption = 110 KWh/yr
37. 27
7.4 Home Design
The design of these homes was made to attract people who are looking to live
sustainably, enabling the individual to contribute to helping the environment in a positive
way. The design of these three models is based on environmentally and economically
friendly approaches. Three class sizes of homes were designed, and although these are
green homes, they still provide comfort to the homeowner.
7.4.1 Utilization of Breezeway
In order to provide sufficient air ventilation, a breezeway has been
incorporated into the design of all three models. This concept has been used
previously in sea-can home designs to eliminate the need for an air-conditioning
system.
This system allows fresh air to enter into the home through open side
windows, exiting through an open breezeway in the center of the homes roof.
Refer to figure 6 for an illustration of the breezeway air circulation process.
Figure 6 - Breezeway Process
38. 28
7.4.2 Class One
This home is the smaller model of the sustainable housing development at
780ft2
and will appeal to a small family or single person. A total of 8 class-one
homes have been incorporated into the developments layout.
7.4.3 Class Two
This home is the medium sized model with a larger master bedroom with a
walk in closet and ensuite. The layout has been changed to allow for a larger
eating area as well as a secondary bedroom by the entrance. The main contributor
to an increase in annual power consumption from the class-one home is the use of
a second heater. Having a total area of 920ft2
this home will appeal to a larger
family than the class one home. A total of 5 class-two homes have been
incorporated into the developments layout.
7.4.4 Class Three
This home is based on the class-two model with an addition of two 20’ x
8’ Sea-can containers used for a garage and additional storage. The garage will
be placed off of foundation piles, directly adjacent to the home. The double
garage does not require additional heating meaning there is only a minimal
increase in power consumption caused by the additional lighting. With a total area
of 1240ft2
, this home will appeal to a larger family than the class one home
design. A total of 3 class-three homes have been incorporated into the
developments layout.
39. 29
7.4.5 Overall Energy Requirements
Overall energy consumption for the housing development is shown in
table 7. Refer to Appendix D-4 for a detailed consumption outline in regards to
each of the 3 classes.
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Total
Quantity 8 5 3 16
V/Type 4080 4440 4680 68880
KWh/yr/Type 5943.66 7527.76 7673.76 108209.36
Table 6 - House Class Consumption Breakdown
7.5 House Construction
7.5.1 Sea-Can House vs. Traditional Wood Frame
The amount of waste from this project is minimized by reusing materials
cut away during construction. For example, any cut walls will be re-used as
interior walls as well as for the roof over the breezeway. The use of sea-can
containers will eliminate waste associated with wood framing and any other
framing material as these homes will for the most part be pre-fabricated frames.
Ceramic heaters will be installed in each home with the two upper classes of
homes having 2 heaters each. Spray foam insulation will be layered between the
steel walls of the Sea-Cans and the interior dry-wall.
40. 30
7.5.2 Foundation
7.5.2.1 Piles vs. Concrete
By using round HSS (4” x 0.65” x 6’) piles, the cost of concrete is
eliminated and a large percentage of the labour is minimized.
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Piles Foundation Piles Foundation Piles Foundation
Size
4”x6’
deep
1/3’x4’
deep
4”x6’
deep
1/3’x4’
deep
4”x6’
deep
1/3’x4’
deep
Total Size 12 piles 130’ 15 piles 170’ 16 piles 210’
Ft3
173.3 226.6 280
Price / Pile $105 $105 $105
Price/ft3
$26 $26 $26
Cost/Home $1260 $4506 $1575 $5892 $1680 $7280
Cost
Development
$10080 $36048 $7875 $29460 $5040 $21840
Table 7 - Pile vs. Foundation Cost Comparison
41. 31
7.6 Housing Development
The location of this housing development will be situated East of the
Turbine/Generator System and North West of Shorts Road. Please refer to appendix A-1
for a map showing the location. This sustainable housing development consists of 16
homes that are powered by energy produced by the Run-of-River system. These homes
are categorized in different classes.
The basic layout of the housing development has been designed in accordance to
R1 Zoning through the Regional District of the Central Okanagan. The area of the
development as a whole is equal to approximately 3.89 acres, while each lot is equal to
0.18 acres. Please refer to Appendix D-5 for the building envelope drawing.
The municipal services for the housing development will be provided by the
Regional District of the Central Okanagan. Municipal services will include water and
back-up electricity. The housing development will be connected to the BC Hydro power-
grid as part of the EPA, this will allow for use of the grid electricity should any
maintenance or shut downs of the Run-of-River System occur.
42. 32
8.0 Bylaws, Regulations, and Licensing
8.1 Introduction
The combination of land use, resource use, and the transmitting of electricity that
is involved in a project of this type means the involvement of multiple authorities. This is
shown through the requirement of licenses, permits, and following regulations and
bylaws in place by the corresponding authorities. Ensuring that all required
documentation is obtained and that the project would meet all regulations is a major
factor in determining the feasibility of a Run-of-River project in the Okanagan Region.
Currently within our province there is a growing number of micro-hydro projects being
developed; therefore, there are major developments in the licenses, permits, and
regulations required for these projects. Two major developments are the application for a
water license being streamlined, and BC Hydro combining multiple applications into one
program. This section includes an outline of the licenses that are required for constructing
a Run-of-River project within a stream and the offices that the licenses must be submitted
through, without going into detail of the application processes. Federal and Provincial
permits and approvals required are also included. How the BC Hydro Excess Power
Agreement would be utilized for a project of this type is explained, also without detailing
the process of creating the agreement.
43. 33
8.2 Application for Licences under the Water Act
For a small hydro project in BC, the first step is to acquire a license through the
Water Act for the right to divert water and use it for power generation. The process,
which was originally outlined in the LWBC Guide for Waterpower Projects, has since
been dispersed to the different government agencies; however, the steps still remain the
same. Today, the application is submitted to FrontCounter BC who then handles the
application from start to finish including communications with the different government
agencies. The steps of applying for a license through FrontCounter BC can be seen in
Appendix E-1.
8.3 Government Permits and Approvals
Permits and approvals are required from both the federal and provincial
government authorities for different government acts. Not all permits and approvals will
apply to every project, as well as some projects will have more specific permits required.
A breakdown of the required permits and approvals from Acts can be seen in Appendix
E-2 showing the corresponding act and whether it is federal or provincial.
44. 34
8.4 BC Hydro Standing Offer Program
Any power generated by the Run-of-River system that is in excess of what the
battery packs require, is legally required to be sold to BC Hydro. The BC Hydro Standing
Offer Program was developed to streamline the process of selling electricity to BC
Hydro, which packages the Electricity Purchase Agreement with a Transmission
Interconnection Agreement. Along with the two agreements, the application also reviews
the projects permits and licenses to ensure it meets federal and provincial regulations for
small hydro. The application process for the Standing Offer Program can be seen in
Appendix E-3.
8.5 Requirements for Instream Works
To protect the fish and wildlife species, habitats, water quality, and water
quantity, there are legal requirements in place regarding instream works. Many
requirements cross over with the required permits and approvals for small hydro projects,
however with a more detailed look at monitoring the physical instream works. Please
refer to figure 7 for a chart showing the numerous acts applying to instream works.
45. 35
Figure 7 - Acts Applying to Instream Works
Due to the instream work having the potential to result in a harmful alteration,
disruption or destruction of fish habitat, it requires a review by the DFO where they
determine if an authorization under Subsection (35)2 of the Fisheries Act may be issued.
A flowchart of the application process through the DFO can be seen in Appendix E-4.
With the installation of a concrete structure within the stream being required for the
project, the operational best practices for instream concrete works must be followed
closely. The section of Standards and Best Practices for Instream Works provided by the
government of British Columbia regarding concrete works can be seen in Appendix E-5.
46. 36
8.6 Insurance
To meet the requirements for BC Hydro’s Standing Offer Program, the project must
obtain the following insurance:
a) “Policies of commercial general liability insurance with a per occurrence limit of
liability not less than $2,000,000 applicable to the project separate from all other
projects and operations of the seller.”
b) “Property insurance and construction insurance with limits of liability and
deductibles consistent with those a prudent owner of a facility similar to the
seller’s plant would maintain and those the facility lender requires.” (BC Hydro
Standing Offer Program)
47. 37
9.0 Project Cost Analysis
9.1 Introduction
A project cost analysis has been devised for both the Run-of-River System and
the Housing Development. This allows for an understanding of the material costs
incurred during the construction phases. Refer to Appendix F-1 for a detailed material
cost analysis of the Run-of-River system showing concrete cost and screen structure
costs. Refer to Appendix F-2 for a detailed material cost analysis of the housing
development that presents a breakdown of all amenities and fixtures designed to lower
consumption.
The overall material costs incurred during the construction phases is equal to
$770,979.00. Labour costs and equipment costs have not been included in the cost
analysis as they can have a wide variance in price.
48. 38
10.0 Feasibility
10.1 Introduction
The purpose of this Run-of-River project was to determine whether or not this
type of system would be feasible in the Central Okanagan Region. This section will show
how Volterix was able to determine whether or not it will be feasible based on the design
parameters we outlined at the beginning of the project. In doing so, we were able to
design a Run-of-River System that will follow all of these parameters while supplying an
adequate amount of power to the housing development.
10.2 Determination of Feasibility
Based on calculations and design drawings, Volterix has determined this Run-of-
River Project to be feasible within the Central Okanagan Region. This determination is
based on the available power produced by the turbine versus the total power consumption
of the housing development as a whole. By incorporating Tesla battery packs, it was
determined that the charge will successfully be maintained on the battery packs with the
power produced from the turbine, which provides the required power source for the
housing development.
10.3 Available Flow within Shorts Creek
Through analysing the hydrology of Shorts Creek, and comparing the results to
the inflow requirements for a Turgo dual nozzle turbine, it was determined that the Turgo
turbine can operate efficiently within the available flow range of Shorts Creek.
49. 39
10.4 Terrain (elevations)
For this type of Run-of-River project to be feasible, a minimum a 30 meters of
elevation head is required for flow rates comparable to Shorts Creek. A stream with
higher flow rates will result in a lower required elevation head. The mountainous terrain
characteristics of the Okanagan Region offer locations where the elevation variance is
large within a short distance, providing adequate elevation head for a Run-of-River
project.
10.5 Initial Cost vs. Return
To overcome the initial construction cost of the project, the cost of the Run-of-
River system is divided between the houses based on the percentage of total power the
house consumes. Added to that price is the home construction cost as well as an even
proportion of the land purchase fee and development expenses. Any power produced in
excess of the developments consumption will be sold to BC Hydro through an Electricity
Purchase Agreement, generating funds for maintenance of the system.
50. 40
11.0 Summary
The purpose of this project was to determine whether or not a Run-of-River
System would be feasible within the Okanagan Region. Run-of-River hydroelectric
systems are not un-common in British Columbia; however, our objective was to prove
the feasibility of constructing this system in the Okanagan region while being able to
generate sufficient power to supply the demand of a sustainable housing development.
This included evaluating the hydrology of a local stream, designing a system with the
incorporation of a diversion weir and turbine station, creating home designs with lower
energy consumptions than the average Canadian home, and lastly reviewing the required
permits, licenses, and regulations for British Columbia. Having successfully completed
these processes, the outcome is that a project of this type would be feasible in the
Okanagan Region, largely due to the suitable terrain and streams found in the area. This
outcome was determined by comparing the consumption of the designed homes with the
power which was able to be generated from Shorts Creek. This Run-of-River design
would be feasible in the Okanagan Region using sites with similar characteristics to that
of Shorts Creek in Fintry, British Columbia.
51. 41
Key design findings for this system starting at the diversion structure and working
towards the housing development include:
The water diversion structure must not create a large reservoir within the creek
banks. The top water level reaches a maximum of 1.59m behind the structure with
constant water flow over the structure.
The turbine must require less flow than that flowing in the creek. For this system,
Shorts Creek has a recorded minimum flow of 0.089m3
/s and the turbine requires
0.06m3
/s.
The electricity produced per year must be higher than that of the housing
developments consumption per year. The turbine generates approximately
131,400kWh/yr while the housing development consumes approximately
108,000kWh/yr.
Licensing and permits must make it possible to construct such a project. All
appropriate Licenses and permits were identified as well as the Standing Offer
Program through BC Hydro which states that all excess generated power must be
sold back to them.
The cost must be feasible and not be an endless debt that never gets paid off.
Through determining the material cost estimate and estimating a quadrupled value
of this to include labor, etc. the overall cost is allocated to each home based on the
calculated consumption for that class of home.
Limitations to a Run-of-River System in regards to location and feasibility would
be the actual location of constructing a water diversion structure and whether or not
access is restricted or dangerous due to geographical characteristics. Other limitations
include stream flow requirements for fish bearing streams. All streams that are fish
bearing require a percentage of water to be left within the original flow as to not
destroy habitat and kill aquatic life. Lastly, land costs are of major concern depending
on the location of the system. Projects may not be feasible if land costs are extremely
high which in turn make the homes extremely expensive.
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Appendix D-4
Class 1 Type
Volt outlet
(V)
Quantity
Wattage
(W)
Hours
/Day
Annual
Consumtion
(KWh/yr)
Area 780ft
Lighting LED 120 16 10 8 467.2
120v Outlet AC 1920 16 2400 0
240v Outlet AC 960 4 4800 0
Stove Energy Star 240 1 1500 3 1642.5
Fridge Energy Star 120 1 296
Washer/Dryer Energy Star 240 1 440 2 321.2
Hot Water Tank Energy Star 240 1 1500 3 1642.5
Television 32" LED 120 1 46 4 67.16
Heater Ceramic 120 1 1500 3 1642.5
Total 4080 6079.06
Class 2 Type
Volt outlet
(V)
Quantity
Wattage
(W)
Hours
/Day
Annual
Consumtion
(KWh/yr)
Area 920ft
Lighting LED 120 14 10 8 408.8
120v Outlet AC 2280 19 2400 0
240v Outlet AC 960 4 4800 0
Stove Energy Star 240 1 1500 3 1642.5
Fridge Energy Star 120 1 296
Washer/Dryer Energy Star 240 1 440 2 321.2
Hot Water Tank Energy Star 240 1 1500 3 1642.5
Television 32" LED 120 1 46 4 67.16
Heater 120 2 1500 3 3285
Total 4440 7663.16
Class 3 Type
Volt outlet
(V)
Quantity
Wattage
(W)
Hours
/Day
Annual
Consumtion
(KWh/yr)
Area 1240
Lighting LED 120 19 10 8 554.8
120v Outlet AC 2520 21 2400 0
240v Outlet AC 960 4 4800 0
Stove Energy Star 240 1 1500 3 1642.5
Fridge Energy Star 120 1 296
Washer/Dryer Energy Star 240 1 440 2 321.2
Hot Water Tank Energy Star 240 1 1500 3 1642.5
Television 32" LED 120 1 46 4 67.16
Heater 120 2 1500 3 3285
Total 4680 7809.16
Power Consumption Spreadsheet
75. 65
Appendix E-1
Steps 1 through 7 relate to the requirements for the submission, review and adjudication
of an application. Steps 8 through 10 relate to the requirements for construction,
operation and monitoring of the project.
Step 1: Submission of Application
Applications for waterpower projects are submitted to FrontCounterBC.
FrontCounterBC is responsible for ensuring that applications provide enough information
for the review process to begin. While there is no set timeline for processing a
waterpower application, a quick turn-around time is adhered to for advising a proponent
of whether the application is sufficiently complete to proceed to the next stage.
Incomplete applications are returned to proponents with deficiencies identified for
correction and re-submission.
If an application is not anticipated to have extensive impacts on the environment,
a proponent may move directly to Step 3, prepare a Development Plan and submit it in
place of the preliminary project definition required in this step. FrontCounterBC may also
proceed at this time to provide information to affected First Nations and other interested
parties in the area of the project, thereby commencing the aboriginal rights and title
consultation and assessment as prescribed by the Provincial Policy for Consultation with
First Nations.
Step 2: Review of Application
Once FrontCounterBC has determined that a complete application is submitted,
the application is divided, with the Crown land tenure application going to ILMB and the
water license application going to the MOE. If the project is complex, a Project Review
Team (PRT) made up of representatives from each of the various government agencies
that have an interest in the project may be established. ILMB will complete a detailed
land status review to ensure that all areas covered by an application are lands available to
be tenured to the proponent under the Land Act.
Step 3: Preparation of Development Plan
A development plan sets out a full description of the project and identifies the
impacts of construction and operation of the project. A single plan is submitted
incorporating both the land and water elements as necessary. An integral element of the
plan is identification of the interested/affected parties that should be consulted in relation
to the proposed project.
The ILMB, in conjunction with the proponents, will identify the parties that are to
be consulted. Interested/affected parties may include government agencies, non-
governmental organizations, First Nations, private landowners, existing Crown tenure
76. 66
holders, the general public and any other persons whose interests may be affected by the
proposed project. The Guide prescribes when certain parties should be contacted, and
who is to be contacted.
At this stage, the interested/affected parties are provided with a copy of the tenure
and/or water license applications, together with a feedback form. All direct discussions
between interested/affected parties and the proponent are to be documented as the ILMB
requires information about all consultation discussions. Given that development plans
may be extensive and complicated, these plans may be submitted to ILMB in draft form
to ensure that all necessary issues are addressed prior to submission of a final
development plan.
Step 4: Review of Development Plan
This step entails a review of the development plan by ILMB to determine if the
proponent has submitted all of the necessary information. This is not a decision about the
granting of the application. The key to this step is ensuring that the best information is
available for all parties who will be asked to provide input under the next step.
Step 5: Project Review
At this stage, all identified interested/affected agencies and parties have an
opportunity to comment on the proposed project. Specifically, the ILMB and MOE seek
to determine the impacts of the project and what measures can be put in place to mitigate
or compensate for these impacts. It is a fundamental part of the review to look for the
potential infringement of aboriginal rights or title over land and water resources.
Submissions by interested/affected parties may be written or oral (or some
combination of the two), and may be submitted to either ILMB or the project proponent
directly. Consultation approaches by ILMB include general meetings, working
committees focused on specific issues, direct discussions between the proponent and a
particular party, public consultations and formal inquiries. Where a proponent has
initiated direct consultation with parties in advance of the ILMB’s involvement the
process may be completed faster than if the ILMB is left to complete all consultations.
Step 6: Preparation of Summary Report
All of the feedback collected during the step 5 consultation process is then
incorporated into a summary report prepared by the proponent. The report must lay out
the conclusions of the impact assessments from the project review process, and the
proposed mitigation and compensation measures submitted by each party. The proponent
must also provide whether an agreement was reached between the proponent and each of
the interested/affected parties in respect of mitigation or compensation measures. All
77. 67
submissions must be reflected in the report, whether the proponent agrees with them or
not.
Step 7: Decision on Application
All information relating to the project is reviewed by ILMB and MOE, and a
decision is made to either grant or deny the Crown land tenure and/or water license.
Potential aboriginal right and title infringement is specifically considered. The Crown
land tenure and water licenses granted will be subject to any construction, operation and
environmental obligations imposed in order to mitigate the impacts of the project. While
there is only one form of water license available, there are several forms of Crown land
tenure available depending on the status of the project:
1. Investigative Permit
An Investigative Permit is a short-term form of tenure used to facilitate
inspections, surveys and investigations by the proponent of an area in which it is
interested in developing a water power project. This 2-year permit is renewable at the
discretion of ILMB, but does not allow for buildings to be erected on the land. Time
extensions are often granted if an environmental assessment is underway.
2. License of Occupation
A License of Occupation grants a proponent more rights than an investigation
permit but does not grant the rights to Crown land that would generally be seen in a
standard landlord tenant lease agreement. Specifically, a license of occupation does
not grant exclusive use of the land, except where the licensee’s rights are affected.
The license may also allow for development (such as the erection of a building)
under certain circumstances. Various types of licenses of occupation exist, including
general area licenses, transmission line licenses, communications site licenses,
powerhouse site licenses, right-of-way licenses (for transmission lines) and road
licenses. The term of a license may vary from 3 years to indefinite with an “interim”
3-year license of occupation being first applied for and then a 20-year license of
occupation. The applications for investigative permits and a license of occupation
should be made concurrently, or within 6 months of the issuance of the investigative
permit.
3. Works Permit
A Works Permit is needed for the construction stages of building a road, airstrip,
bridge or trail over Crown land, which will generally be used during construction of
a project. The maximum term of the works permit is 2 years and it does not grant
exclusive use of the road, airstrip, bridge or trail to the proponent.
4. Crown Lease
Leases are generally only available at the later stages of a project, for example
once a powerhouse is being constructed for the project. Long-term tenure is needed
for such a project given that substantial improvements are being made and definite
78. 68
boundaries are needed to ensure that no conflicts arise with neighboring licensees. A
lease grants exclusive use of the area and is a registrable interest in land.
When the land tenure(s) and water license are accepted, the proponent is required
to pay the full amount of annual rent and fees for each approval. The annual water
rental fees for hydro projects will depend on the use of the power (residential,
commercial or general), the capacity of the plant and the actual annual output of the
plant. For commercial use projects, the annual fee is $1.726/kW of installed capacity,
plus $1.036 for each MW/hour of electricity produced. For general use projects, the
annual fee is $3.45/kW of installed capacity, plus $1.036 for each MW/hour of
electricity produced. The rents imposed for land tenure are dependent on the location
of the land and the type of use proposed.
Once a decision is made by the ILMB to issue Crown land tenure to the
proponent, there is no right of appeal in respect of that decision. The Water Act does
grant a right of appeal in respect of water license decisions to proponents,
landowners physically affected by the project and riparian landowners. Appeals must
be filed with the Environmental Appeal Board within 30 days of the decision being
issued by the MOE.
Step 8: Construction of Project
The proponent must submit criteria for the design of the project and plans for its
construction (including an environmental management plan) before construction begins,
to ensure that all terms and conditions of the approvals issued are complied with.
Proponents may be required to retain professionals independent from the proponent,
including engineers and/or environmental monitors.
Step 9: Operation of Project
Before commencing operations, the proponent (now the licensee) is required to
submit a report to the Regional Water Manager to outline the parameters and procedures
of the project in accordance with the terms and conditions of approval. Written
permission must be obtained by the licensee for commencement of the project.
Step 10: Monitoring of Project
The licensee is responsible for carrying out a monitoring program to track specific
impacts of the project, including the amount of electricity generated and compliance with
conditions for mitigating impacts. Monitoring may also involve implementation of an
environmental monitoring program for a specified period of time. For example, the
license may require the licensee to monitor the impact on fish in the water source being
used for the project.
88. 78
Appendices G-1 Cook Legacy
RE: Cook Legacy Inquiry
From: Aj Johns (Aj.Johns@elginindustries.com)
Sent: November-16-15 7:23:06 AM
To: Kyler (kyler.lucas@hotmail.com)
Hi Kyler:
Hope all is well. We have not seen problems with freezing or frazil ice in coanda
screen applications with 45-55 degrees of inclination.
Thanks!
A.J. Johns
VP of Business Development
Cook Legacy Water & Energy
21 W. Columbus St.
Pickerington, OH 43147
614.524.4588
Aj.johns@elginindustries.com
www.elginwatersolutions.com
89. 79
From: Kyler [mailto:kyler.lucas@hotmail.com]
Sent: Saturday, November 14, 2015 2:53 PM
To: Aj Johns
Subject: RE: Cook Legacy Inquiry
Hi AJ,
I have another question in regards to the screens. How do you deal with freezing in the
colder months? As this seems like it would cause problems with blocking intake and
overall efficiency of the intake process.
Thanks
Kyler
From: Aj.Johns@elginindustries.com
To: kyler.lucas@hotmail.com
Subject: RE: Cook Legacy Inquiry
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2015 13:03:11 +0000
We typically do not design the concrete structure. However, we do ensure a few design
principles:
The top water elevation used in your power production should be set 100 mm below
the toe of the Coanda Screen.
We have typically seen a velocity of approximately 1.5 m/s within the collection
chamber associated with the Q10 flow volume. This velocity can be used to scale the
appropriate cross section area of the collection chamber.
Thanks!
AJ
90. 80
From: Kyler [mailto:kyler.lucas@hotmail.com]
Sent: Monday, November 09, 2015 9:31 PM
To: Aj Johns
Subject: RE: Cook Legacy Inquiry
Hi AJ,
I have one more question for you. Does your company also design the concrete structure
that houses the Coanda Screen? If not, that is fine I have no problem doing that. But if it
is possible, do you have any recommendations on the best design? Certain things to
include for the screen to fit properly? We need to create detailed drawings of the
structures so I just want to make sure that I do it correctly.
Thanks again!
Cheers
Kyler
From: Aj.Johns@elginindustries.com
To: kyler.lucas@hotmail.com
Subject: Cook Legacy Inquiry
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2015 13:27:34 +0000
Hi Kyler:
I’ve attached a design drawing, quote, and example specification per your request.
What kind of project are you working on? We’ve helped students out in the past with
Coanda projects. I’d love to hear more about it and if we can offer any additional
support!
Thank you,
A.J. Johns
Sales Manager
Cook Legacy Water & Energy
91. 81
Appendix G-2 EnTec (HDPE)
From: Bertus Vos <Bertus@entecinc.com>
Sent: November 20, 2015 2:48 PM
To: Alissa Hodson
Subject: RE: Alissa from the City of GP
Hello Alissa,
Good to hear from you. Hope your studies are going well.
IPEX is one of the HDPE suppliers in Canada. We use them occasionally. They have a lot
of information available, including some calculations if you need as well.
Here is a link to their HDPE
section: http://www.ipexinc.com/Content/Products/Product.aspx?ProductId=76&S
ubMarketId=0&MarketSegmentId=0&LanguageCode=en-CA
I'm assuming you're asking just for the cost per unit of the pipe itself, not installed? This
will vary quite a bit depending on the construction method. Prices for the pipe will also
vary depending on wall thickness and total length. If you have all the design info and
you want current market numbers, you can call IPEX sales center and say "you need a
budget quote for X amount of 200m HDPE", they will ask for your length, pressure, and
SDR rating of the pipe. Once they have that, they can give you a quote on the phone. I
think the guy is in Edmonton that manufactures it.
Here is their BC office sales line:
IPEX Vancouver
20460 Duncan Way
Langley, British Columbia
V3A 7A3
Tel. (604) 534-8631
Fax (604) 534-7616
If you're ok with just a prelim budget estimate for your project: For 200mm SDR 7.3 , I
typically use $46 per metre, for about 1000m in central British Columbia. That is for the
material only, not installed. If it's a big city project you can reduce it a little, if it's really
remote with lots of trucking, add a bit (+/- 10%).
Hope that helps. Good luck!
Bertus Vos, MBA, P.Eng., CAPM
TRENCHLESS PROJECT MANAGER /
CORPORATE DEVELOPMENT
e bertus@entecinc.com
92. 82
-----Original Message-----
From: Alissa Hodson [mailto:alissa-th@live.com]
Sent: Friday, November 20, 2015 3:17 PM
To: Bertus Vos <Bertus@entecinc.com>
Subject: Alissa from the City of GP
Good afternoon Bertus!
This is Alissa Hodson, the student from the city who was in contact with you during the
summer regarding the trenchless pipe.
Right now I'm back in school in BC and one of our classes is a project class where we had
to come up with a concept, do a proposal and presentation, and then now we are
preparing our final report and presentation. My group decided on doing a Run-of-River
hydroelectric project supplying power to a sustainable housing development. Part of
that is the piping system that takes the water from the diversion weir to the turbine
station. We decided on using HDPE pipe for our project, and are now just trying to get
final prices for everything. I was wondering if you had any idea of the approximate cost
per unit length of HDPE? Our pipe will only be a 200mm diameter.
If you can help in any way with the approximate cost for the pipe then that would be
extremely helpful! We are getting pretty close to our deadline for the report now!
Hope to hear from you soon!
Thanks,
Alissa Hodson
94. 84
Appendix H-1
Run of River Feasibility Project Progress Meeting
DATE: OCT 14/2015 OKANAGAN COLLEGE – B129
MEETING CALLED BY Rob Scherer
TYPE OF MEETING Progress Meeting
FACILITATOR Volterix Environmental Energy
NOTE TAKER Kyler Lucas
TIME OF MEETING 11:00am
ATTENDEES Kyler L., Alissa H., Riley P., Taylor M.
Previous Action Items
First Official Meeting
New Issues
- Find Turbine Supplier
- Find Sea-Can Supplier
- Research Background
New Action Items
TOPIC: RUN OF RIVER DESIGN
DISCUSSION Have yet to determine a turbine model
CONCLUSIONS Kyler needs to contact companies and find an appropriate model
ACTION ITEMS PERSON RESPONSIBLE DEADLINE
Determine turbine model Kyler Lucas November 4th
95. 85
TOPIC: HYDROLOGY
DISCUSSION Start doing Hydrology Analysis to determine the available energy from Shorts Creek.
CONCLUSIONS Taylor needs to start the analysis and have the majority complete by November 4
th
meeting
ACTION ITEMS PERSON RESPONSIBLE DEADLINE
Start hydrology Analysis Taylor Milsom November 4th
TOPIC: HOUSING DEVELOPMENT
DISCUSSION Electricity consumption for each home needs to be determined, and AutoCAD designs started.
CONCLUSIONS
Will need to begin research on consumptions of average homes in Canada and work on lowering them
to make them more economical.
ACTION ITEMS PERSON RESPONSIBLE DEADLINE
Begin consumption research Riley Petersen N/A
Everyone contribute to how to lower total consumption All November 4th
96. 86
Appendix H-2
Run of River Feasibility Project Progress Meeting
NOVEMBER 4, 2015 OKANAGAN COLLEGE – B129
MEETING CALLED BY Rob Scherer
TYPE OF MEETING Progress Meeting
FACILITATOR Volterix Environmental Energy
NOTE TAKER Alissa Hodson
TIME OF MEETING 8:35 AM
ATTENDEES Alissa H, Kyler L, Taylor M, Riley P, Rob S
Previous Action Items
- Hydrology analysis of Shorts Creek not yet completed
- Contact with alternate turbine company not yet completed
- AutoCAD drawings of proposed house designs are in progress
New Issues
- Turbine Company still hasn’t replied, need to make contact with another
company.
New Action Items
HYDROLOGY
DISCUSSION Haven’t completed the full analysis yet, waiting on results from the full analysis to begin the rest of the
design
CONCLUSIONS Need to have Taylor complete the analysis by the end of the week.
ACTION ITEMS PERSON RESPONSIBLE DEADLINE
Complete the final hydrology analysis Taylor Milsom
November
11th
97. 87
RUN OF RIVER DESIGN
DISCUSSION Attempt was made to make contact with the initial turbine company from China with no success.
Tried out the program for designing a Coanda weir, program was not satisfactory.
CONCLUSIONS Will need to contact another turbine company.
Look into available material regarding the design of a diversion weir, check library at school.
ACTION ITEMS PERSON RESPONSIBLE DEADLINE
Look for available material regarding the design of the weir system Kyler Lucas
November
11th
HOUSING DEVELOPMENT
DISCUSSION Riley has completed the AutoCAD drawing for one of the house design options which is ready for an
estimate now.
Continuing working on the AutoCAD drawings for the other two options.
Riley would like to have a sit down meeting with everyone to look over/finalize options for the houses.
CONCLUSIONS Will need to arrange a meeting to look over the house designs as of now.
ACTION ITEMS PERSON RESPONSIBLE DEADLINE
Continue working on the drawings for the house options Riley Petersen N/A
Review and finalize all options for the houses All
November
11th
BACKGROUND RESEARCH
DISCUSSION
Still ahead of deliverable dates for having the research completed, working on
finishing research by the end of this week
CONCLUSIONS Need to have the research completed as soon as possible
ACTION ITEMS PERSON RESPONSIBLE DEADLINE
Complete all background research Riley P, Kyler L, Alissa H November 11th
98. 88
Appendix H-3
Run of River Feasibility Project Progress Meeting
DATE: NOVEMBER 18 2015 OKANAGAN COLLEGE – B129
MEETING CALLED BY Rob Scherer
TYPE OF MEETING Progress Meeting
FACILITATOR Volterix Environmental Energy
NOTE TAKER ALISSA HODSON
TIME OF MEETING 9:00 AM
ATTENDEES ALISSA H, KYLER L, TAYLOR M, RILEY P, ROB S
Previous Action Items
- Turbine company – Kyler was to contact new company
- Taylor was to have hydrology completed
- Riley to have home designs completed on AutoCAD
- Background research to be completed New Issues
- No available local bylaws for instream construction
- House cost vs. Construction Cost
- Appendices for license and permits
- Ways to improve sliding factor of safety for weir
- Intro/background/scope for each section
- Draft report outline
New Action Items
99. 89
TOPIC: OUTLINE
DISCUSSION - Is a scope required for each section, should they have them?
CONCLUSIONS - No individual scopes required
- Background, can also be “design criteria” for appropriate sections
TOPIC: BYLAWS
DISCUSSION - Nothing available for local bylaws regarding instream construction
CONCLUSIONS - Don’t involve local bylaws
- Only provincial and federal acts and how FrontCounter BC goes to city council for approval
TOPIC: APPENDICES FOR PERMITS
DISCUSSION - Don’t include the actual application forms
CONCLUSIONS - Have a summary table for all federal and provincial applications that need to be submitted
100. 90
13.0 References
Instream flow requirements
http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/documents/bmp/phase2_instreamflow_thresholds_guideli
nes.pdf
Page 1
Fish habitat in shorts creek
http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/planning/mgmtplns/fintry/fintry.pdf
Page 28
Tesla battery packs
http://www.teslamotors.com/en_CA/POWERWALL
Flow rates and hydrology information
https://wateroffice.ec.gc.ca/search/searchResult_e.html
Flow Duration Curve and power generation
http://streamflow.engr.oregonstate.edu/index.htm
http://energyusecalculator.com/index.htm
https://www.homedepot.ca/en/home.html
102. 92
Canada Marine Act
http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-6.7/
Indian Act
http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/i-5/
BC Water Act
http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wsd/water_rights/licence_application/
Heritage Conservation Act
http://www.bclaws.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/96187_01
Agricultural Land Commission Act
http://www.bclaws.ca/Recon/document/ID/freeside/00_02036_01
Wildlife Act
http://www.bclaws.ca/Recon/document/ID/freeside/00_96488_01
Park Act
http://www.bclaws.ca/Recon/document/ID/freeside/00_96344_01
British Columbia Environmental Assessment Act
http://www.bclaws.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/02043_01
BC Land Act
http://www.bclaws.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/96245_01
BC Forest Act
http://www.bclaws.ca/Recon/document/ID/freeside/96157_00
BC Transportation Act
http://www.bclaws.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/04044_01
103. 93
BC Hydro Standing Offer Program
https://www.bchydro.com/energy-in-
bc/acquiring_power/current_offerings/standing_offer_program/documents.html
Standards and Best Practices for Instream Works
http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/documents/bmp/iswstdsbpsmarch2004.pdf
Steps for Front Counter BC Application (page 6-11)
http://www.lawsonlundell.com/media/news/113_PermittingIssues.pdf
Energy Generated by BC Hydro Generation System
https://www.bchydro.com/energy-in-bc/our_system/generation.html
List of BC Hydro EPA Projects
https://www.bchydro.com/content/dam/BCHydro/customer-
portal/documents/corporate/independent-power-producers-calls-for-
power/independent-power-producers/independent-power-producers-currently-
supplying-power-to-bc-hydro.pdf
Regional District of the Central Okanagan Zoning Bylaw #871
https://www.regionaldistrict.com/media/27155/consolidated_zoning_bylaw_no._8
71.pdf
Regional District of the Central Okanagan Orthographic Images
https://www.regionaldistrict.com/your-services/mapping-gis/data-files-for-
download/orthophotos.aspx
