1. Philippine Hazards, Vulnerabilities &
Risks
BERMEJO, JOHN JULIUS O,
RT3 Pateros Rescue Unit
Municipality of Pateros
National Capital Region

2. Philippine Disasters

3. TYPES OF HAZARDS PRESENT IN THE
COUNTRY:
1. Natural Hazards
 Hydro-meteorological
 Geological
2. Human induced hazards
 Technological
 Environmental
 Socio-Economic, Political, Security Hazards

4. Natural Hazards
Hydro-Meteorological Hazards
 Cyclone
 Typhoon
 Tornado
 Thunderstorm
 Flood
 Storm Surge
 Global Warming
 Extreme Climatic Variabilities
 Drought


5. THUNDERSTORM

6. CUMULONIMBUS CLOUDS
12,000 m
9,000 m
6,000 m
3,000 m

8. Forked Lightning Sheet Lightning Ball Lightning
Crooked lightning Clouds, rain blocks On rare occasions,
bolts discharge from small glowing balls
forked lightning bolt,
cloud to ground or but flash illuminatesloops from the cloud,
cloud to air clouds. but quickly vanish.

14. Sample pictures of hail

16. SOUTHWEST MONSOON (HABAGAT)
N
W E
S

17. NORTHEAST MONSOON (AMIHAN)
Cold air from Siberia
N
W E
S

18. INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE

19. TROPICAL CYCLONE

20. Satellite Picture of Typhoon Feria

21. 5 cyclones
2 cyclones
in 2 yrs
per year
FREQUENCY OF PASSAGE
5 cyclones
in 3 yrs 3 cyclones
OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
in 2 yrs
BY GEOGRAPHICAL ZONES
IN THE PHILIPPINES
1 cyclone
per year
1 cyclone
in 12 yrs

22. CLASSIFICATION OF
TROPICAL CYCLONE
 Tropical Depression
( less than 64 KPH )
 Tropical Storm
( 64 to 117 KPH )
 Typhoon
(greater than 117 KPH )

26. Floods

27. It is an 8-160 km wide dome of water that
sweeps over the coastline during landfall of
a tropical cyclone.
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)

28. Communities with a steeper continental will not see as much
surge inundation
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)

29. A shallow slope off the coast will allow a greater surge to inundate
coastal communities.
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)

31. FREQUENCY OF TROPICAL CYCLONE
(44 YEAR PERIOD)
PROVINCE TD TS TY TOTAL
AGUSAN DEL NORTE 6 6 11 23
AGUSAN DEL SUR 6 4 3 13
ILOCOS NORTE 5 12 28 45
ILOCOS SUR 6 14 31 51
ISABELA 9 16 22 47
LANAO DEL NORTE 0 1 1 2
LANAO DEL SUR 0 1 1 2
LEYTE 8 13 23 44
MAGUINDANAO 0 0 1 1
METRO MANILA 3 24 9 36
MINDORO 3 14 33 50
MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL 1 1 1 3
MISAMIS ORIENTAL 1 2 0 3
NEGRO OCCIDENTAL 6 8 21 35
NEGROS ORIENTAL 6 8 21 35
NORTHERN SAMAR 11 13 36 60

32. Philippine Area of Responsibility

33. NAMES OF TROPICAL CYCLONE IN THE PHILIPPINES
I II III IV
2001 2002 2003 2004
2005 2006 2007 2008
2009 2011 2012
2010
A AURING AGATON AMANG AMBO
B BISING BASYANG BEBENG BUTCHOY
C CRISING CALOY CHEDENG COSME
D DANTE DOMENG DODONG DINDO
E EMONG ESTER EGAY ENTENG
F FERIA FLORITA FALCON FRANK
G GORIO GLENDA GORING GENER
H HUANING HENRY HANNA HELEN
I ISANG INDAY INENG IGME
J JOLINA JUAN JUANING JULIAN
K KIKO KATRING KABAYAN KAREN
L LABUYO LUIS LANDO LAWIN
M MARING MILENYO MINA MARCE
N NANDO NENENG NONOY NINA
O ONDOY OMPONG ONYOK OFEL
P PEPENG PAENG PEDRING PABLO
Q QUEDAN QUEENIE QUIEL QUINTA
R RAMIL REMING RAMON ROLLY
S SANTI SENIANG SENDONG SIONY
T TINO TOMAS TISOY TONYO
U URDUJA USMAN URSULA UNDING
V VINTA VENUS VIRING VIOLETA
W WILMA WALDO WENG WINNIE
Y YOLANDA YAYANG YOYOY YOYONG
Z ZORAIDA ZENY ZIGZAG ZOSIMO

34. Drought & Fish Kill

36. WHY DO EXTREME WEATHER &
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS DEVELOP
THESE PAST YEARS ? ? ?

37. Earth’s Ozone Layer Depletion

40. What does the climate system consist of?
Schematic view of the components of the climate system, their processes
and interactions
 the climate system
 a complex system (atmosphere1, land 2surface, snow 3and ice,
oceans and4 other bodies of water, and living5 things)

41. A diagram of the natural greenhouse effect A diagram showing how additional
on earth, where the Earth's temperature is greenhouse gases trap more heat in the
kept constant to support life. Earth’s atmosphere and raises the
temperature.

42. Natural Hazards
Geological Phenomena and Hazards
 Earthquake
 Tsunami
 Volcanic Eruption
 Astronomical Hazards

43. Earthquakes occur within the Philippine
Archipelago every now and then mainly
because the country is situated along
twomajor tectonic plates of the world –
the PACIFIC PLATES and
the EURASIAN PLATES.

44. Geological Hazards
July 16, 1990; Intensity 8
1,666 dead – 3,500 injured
P11B cost of damage in
property P1.2B in agriculture

45. The Philippine Archipelago occupies the western ring of the Pacific Ocean (Western
Segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire), a most active part of the earth that is characterized by an
ocean-encircling belt of active volcanoes and earthquake generators (faults).

46. Like floating pieces of a 3D jigsaw puzzle, the
Earth's plates that form the crust of the Earth
are not locked in place. On the contrary, the
plates are always in motion and it is not
always a smooth ride. We may not see the
plates as they move against each other, but
we can sometimes feel the result in the form of
earthquakes.

47. A trench is a type of excavation or
depression in the ground. Trenches are
generally defined by being deeper than they
are wide (as opposed to a wider gully or
ditch), and by being narrow compared to
their length (as opposed to a simple hole)

48. A fault is a planar fracture or
discontinuity in a volume of rock,
across which there has been
significant displacement. Large faults
within the Earth's crust result from the
action oftectonic forces. Energy
release associated with rapid
movement on active faults is the cause
of most earthquakes

49. What is the Valley Fault System?
The Valley Fault System, also known as
the Marikina Valley Fault System, is a group of
dextral strike-slip fault which extends from San
Mateo, Rizal to Taguig City on the south; running
through the cities of Makati, Marikina,
Paranaque, Pasig and Taguig.

53. Earthquake Hazards

56. Sink Hole

57. Liquefaction

58. Japan Nuclear Meltdown

59. Nuclear Radiation Exposed

60. Geological Hazards
(Effect of an Earthquake)
Affects the country’s coastal areas up to four meters above
sea level. The coastal areas of southwest Mindanao are most
vulnerable

62. Tsunami
Moro Gulf Earthquake
1976

63. Geological Hazards
Mt. Pinatubo - The worst volcanic eruption of the century June
1991 800 - dead P10.6B - damage

64. . Barren Island, Andaman Sea
You can find this volcano in the Andaman Sea. This is the only volcano that is still active
in South Asia. Most part of the volcano lies below the ocean and its peak can be seen at a
height of 354 meters. Its first recorded eruption took place as far back as 1787. Since then
it has erupted more than 6 times.

65. Major eruptions alter the Earth's radiative
balance because volcanic aerosol clouds
absorb terrestrial radiation, and scatter a
significant amount of the incoming solar
radiation, an effect known as "radiative
forcing" that can last from two to three
years following a volcanic eruption.

66. Astronomical Hazards

67. Human Induced Hazards
Human Induced Hazards
 Air & Maritime Disaster
 Fire
 Vehicular Accidents
 Hazardous Material/Chemical Spill
 Red Tide/Food Poisoning
 Socio Political Hazards
 Complex Emergencies

68. Technological Hazards
April 19, 2000
Air Philippines Flight 541 crashed in the mountains of Mindanao. All
120 passengers and crew died

70. Maritime Disaster

71. Vehicular Accident

72. Environmental Hazards
Payatas Dump Site Tragedy
July 10, 2000
224 dead – 38 missing

73. Environmental Hazards
Affects 8 million residents from the coastal areas whose livelihood are
affected
Almost every year, there have been reported cases of deaths due to
paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)

74. Man-Made Hazards
MANOR HOTEL FIRE
TRAGEDY
August 18, 2001
LUNG CENTER BLAZE
May 17, 1998
THE OLD ORPHANAGE
December 3, 1998
THE OZONE DISCO
March 1996

75. Chemical, Biological, Radiological Nuclear
Emergencies

76. Socio-Political/Security Hazards
Political Destabilization

77. Socio-Political/Security Hazards
BASHIR HAMBALI
IMRON DWIKARNA
AMROZI BAFANA
Terrorist Attack by Local / International
Terrorist Groups

78. Socio-Political/Security Hazards

79. Socio-Political/Security Hazards
BOMBING INCIDENTS

80. Socio-Political/Security Hazards
Massive collateral damage to OFWs in or near
conflict areas abroad

81. TOP 10 MOST HAZARDOUS DISEASES OF
THE 21ST CENTURY
1. RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
2. HIV / AIDS
3. MALARIA
4. DIARRHOEA
5. TUBERCULOSIS
6. MEASLES
7. WHOOPING COUGH
8. TETANUS
9. MENINGITIS
10.SYPHILIS

82. NDCC Memo Order No. 4, dtd 04Mar98
 At least 20% of the population are affected & in
need of emergency assistance or those dwelling
units have been destroyed
 A great number or at least 40% of the means
of livelihood such as bancas, fishing boats,
vehicles and the like are destroyed

83. NDCC Memo Order No. 4, dtd 04Mar98
 Major roads and bridges are destroyed and
impassable for at least a week, thus disrupting the
flow of transport and commerce
 Widespread destruction of fishponds, crops,
poultry and livestock, and other agricultural
products, and
 Epidemics

84. Hydro Meteorological Disaster

85. Geological Disaster

86. Why the need for State of
Calamity Area Declaration?
To facilitate relief and rehabilitation
efforts in calamity-affected areas
To control prices and prevent hoarding
of basic commodities
To carry out remedial measures in the
affected areas such as grant of
calamity loans to disaster victims,
moratorium in the payment of taxes
and release of funds from the national
and local governments.

87. Vulnerable Groups

88. Young

89. Poor Families

90. Elderly

91. Persons with Disability

92. Pregnant Women

93. Republic Act No. 10121
“The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010”
(DRRM Act of 2010)
∗Approved May 27, 2011
∗*Implementing Rules and Regulations was approved on
September 17, 2010

94. vulnerability reduced risk assessments,
plans, arrangements,
training & exercises
reduce risk,
vulnerability & hazard
hazard/risk analysis
Mitigation Preparedness
mostly back to
normal
disaster /
emergency
Rehabilitation Response
situation
“ healing”, repair, stabilized
reconstruction & recovery
no longer direct threat to
life/safety and property

100. Our country's geographic location
makes us prone to hazards.
∗ The most effective strategy to minimize
adverse effects of disasters remain to be
mitigation and preparedness.
∗ National Government cannot provide
everything, it must establish disaster
response-force multipliers in LGUs
throughout the country.

101. IN THE EVENT OF MULTIPLE OCCURRENCE OF
DISASTER
∗ Each member of the community must secure
first his/her self/family’s safety
∗ After securing the safety of the family, help
others who needs to be helped
∗ Communities shall rely on their own capability
in addressing the disaster.

102. HOW CAN WE HELP ?
 Limiting the use of pollutants
Reduce Reuse and Recycle
 Plant Trees
 Be prepared
 Share your knowledge and skills in disaster
preparedness
 Be an advocate of Disaster Risk Reduction &
Management
 ORGANIZE A DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM IN
YOUR OWN COMMUNITY
 TRAIN & ACTIVATE BRGY. EMERGENCY RESPONSE
TEAMS

103. BUILDING THE RESILIENCE OF NATIONS AND
COMMUNITIES TO DISASTERS
∗ The Hyogo Framework of Action is a 10-year plan to
make the world safer from natural hazards.
∗ Adopted by 168 Member States of the United Nations
in 2005 at the World Disaster Reduction Conference.
∗ HFA is the first plan to explain, describe and detail the
work that is required from all different sectors and
actors to reduce disaster losses. It was developed and
agreed on with the many partners needed to reduce
disaster risk - governments, international agencies,
disaster experts and many others.

104. Hyogo Framework of Action
Priority Action
∗ Priority Action 1: Ensure that disaster risk
reduction is a national and a local priority with a
strong institutional basis for implementation.
∗ Priority Action 2: Identify, assess and monitor
disaster risks and enhance early warning.
∗ Priority Action 3: Use knowledge, innovation and
education to build a culture of safety and
resilience at all levels.

105. Hyogo Framework of Action
Priority Action
∗ Priority Action 4: Reduce the underlying risk
factors.
∗ Priority Action 5: Strengthen disaster
preparedness for effective response at all
levels.

106. "Disaster risk reduction is an
obligation for all -- donors,
governments and the private
sector. We cannot wait for more
disasters to happen to
understand the benefits of
Disaster Risk Reduction
policies.“
-- Toni Frisch, Swiss Humanitarian Aid Department

107. The Paradigm Shift
∗ Disaster is an abnormal situation
∗ The citizenry looked up at government for
support where most of the resources are
present
∗ Local government are the victims, at times
are confused and don’t know what to do
∗ Our bureaucracy and other rules and
regulations are for normal times

108. The Paradigm Shift (cont.)
∗ Decisions during the first five minutes will affect the
management for the next five days
∗ You cannot quantify lives; every victim has the right
to be rescued, to be treated, and to be supported to
be able to go back to his normal life ; every dead has
the right to be identified, to be buried with dignity

109. Things to remember;
∗ Plan ahead. It wasn’t raining when Noah built
the Ark.
∗ Stay fit, as this maybe required when time
comes.
∗ Remember, the Ark was built by amateurs,
the Titanic was made by professionals.
∗ No matter what the storm, when you are
ready and your with GOD, there’s always a
rainbow waiting.

110. “WE PREVENT DISASTERS
IF
WE MANAGE
EMERGENCIES”

113. Thank You for SLEEPING!
Always Stay SAFE!
Source: National Geographic
DOST, PHIVOLCS
PAG-ASA
Hyogo Framework

114. BANDAGING
1.) WOUND AT THE BACK OF THE HEAD
2.) CHEST BANDAGE
3.) BACK OF CHEST
4.) ARM SLING
5.) UNDERARM SLING
6.) HAND BANDAGE
7.) FOREHEAD BANDAGE
8.) CHEEK, EAR, AND JAW BANDAGE
9.) FOREARM BANDAGE
10.) PALM BANDAGE (VERTICAL AND
HORIZONTAL)
11.) ELBOW AND KNEE BANDAGE
12.) SPRAINED ANKLE (SHOE ON AND SHOE OFF)

115. RESCUE TRANSFER
AND CARRIES

116. ASSIST TO WALK

117. PIGGY BACK CARRY

118. FIREMAN’S DRAG

119. BLANKET DRAG

120. SHOULDER DRAG

121. CHAIR AS A LITTER

122. FOUR-HAND SEAT

123. BEARERS ALONG SIDE
(FOR NARROW ALLEYS)
HAMMOCK CARRY

124. BLANKET CARRY