Learner: Components of Effective Teaching

MODULE 2
COMPONENTS OF EFFECTIVE TEACHING
Lesson 2: The Learner

KIMPEE I. BLAHING
BSEd Biology – 3rd Yr.
1st Semester 2013

MODULE 2:
COMPONENTS OF EFFECTIVE TEACHING
Lesson 2:
The Learner

A.Definition and theories of learning
B.Student’s Learning Style
C.Theory of Multiple Intelligences

The Learner
is a subject of the schooling process. Without
him, the educational system will not exist. The
learner is a person who is receiving instruction or
lessons from a particular teacher.
To make Teaching effective and learning
productive, the teacher must now the nature of
the child
Acero, Victoria, et.al. (2000). Principles and Strategies of Teaching. Rex Bookstore
Publishing. Manila, Philippines

To understand the child
teacher must know:
•The child is a biological organism with
needs, abilities, and goals;
•The
social
and
psychological
environment; and
•The cultural forces of which he is part.


Definition and theories of learning

Helps explain how people learn,
and therefore serves as a guide for
classroom teachers

Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex
Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.


Behaviorism
•Behaviorism also is called traditional
learning theory.
•Holds that learning is what changes
behaviour and thus causes development.
•Behaviourists believed that human beings
of all ages learn about the world in the same
way that other animals do. By reacting to the
features of their environments that they
find pleasing, painful and threatening


Behaviorists

Ivan Pavlov – Classical
Conditioning
a kind of learning to which a person or
animal learns a response to a stimulus
that did not originally elicit that response;
after the stimulus is repeatedly associated
with another stimulus that does ordinarily
evoke the response


Behaviorism

B.F. Skinner – Operant
Conditioning
is a kind of learning in which a person
or animal continues to make a response
because the response has been reinforced
(strengthened) or stops making the
response because it has been punished



Behaviorism

John B. Watson
was the first behaviorist to apply
stimulus-response theories to the study of
child development.



Behaviorism

Edward Thorndike –
Connectionism
Learning is explained by bond of
connections that are formed between the
stimulus and response or s-r bond.
All mental processes consist of the
acquisition of connections between stimuli
and response.


Humanism
Humanistic

perspective views
people as able to
take charge of
their lives and
foster their own
development.


Humanism

•Emphasizes
people’s potential for
positive,
healthy
development
through exercise of
the
distinctively
human capacities for
choice,
creativity
and self-realization.



Humanism
Proponent of Humanism:

Carl Rogers
according to him, all
humans are born with
drive to achieve their full
capacity and to behave in
ways that are consistent
with their true selves


Humanism
Proponent of Humanism:

Abraham Maslow
believed that people
strive for self actualization,
the ultimate state of personal
fulfilment.


Maslow
theorized that
all people are
motivated to
fulfil the
hierarchy of
needs


Cognitive Approach

Cognitive Learning Theories include:
1. Gestalt Psychology – Insight Theory
Advocated the learning by insight.
In problem solving and learning
situations, a sudden solution is characterized
by high understanding, good retention and
high transfer

Cognitive Approach

In psychotherapy, insightful learning is
the illumination or bringing to awareness of
motives, relationships, feelings, impulses, etc.
Which previously had been poorly understood
or of which the subject was totally unaware.

Cognitive Approach

In normal individual, insightful
learning means the self-understanding
and awareness of one’s major
motivations, desires and feelings.


Cognitive Approach

2. Edward Chase Tolman Purposive Behaviorism
•Blending of Gestalt and behaviorism
•The chief characteristic of molar behavior
(large, intact, meaningful behavior patterns is
that it is purposive, it is always directed toward
the some goal.

Cognitive Approach

2. Albert Bandura –
Observational Learning
•Also called social learning theory, occurs when an
observer’s behavior changes after viewing the behavior of
a model.
•Holds that learner in particular, learn by observing and
imitating models (like their parents, teachers, and other
influential persons

Cognitive Approach

4. Jean Piaget –
Theory of Cognitive Development
•Assimilation and accommodation
Children must do to learn
Conflict must occur for learning to occur
•Stages of development - sensory motor, pre-operational,
concrete operational and formal operational

Student’s Learning Style
What is a “learning style”?

• “The way that he or she
concentrates on,
processes, internalizes,
and remembers new and
difficult information or
skills”.
–Dr. Rita Dunn, St. John’s
University
Source:
http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1

What is a “learning style”?

• “Characteristic cognitive,
affective, and physiological
behaviors that serve as
relatively stable indicators of
how learners perceive,
interact with, and respond to
the learning environment”.
–James W. Keefe
Source:


Learning Style - In Simple
Terms
• Children learn
through a
combination of
these elements:
– Physiological
– Cognitive
– Affective

Conceptual
Understanding

Source:

Physiological Elements

Conceptual
Understanding

• Physiological elements are
primarily biologically-based and
vary depending on the learner’s
reaction to the physical
environment.
– Environmental Elements
– Emotional Elements
– Sociological Elements
– Physical Elements.
Source:

Cognitive Elements
•
•
•
•
•
•

Conceptual
Understanding

Brain Dominance
Conceptual Tempo
Mind styles
Psychological Differentiation
Modality
Multiple Intelligences

Source:

Brain
Dominance
What is the way
in which the
brain analyzes
information?

•Analytical
•Global
•Integrated

Conceptual
Tempo
•Impulsive
•Reflexive

Mindstyles
•Concrete Sequential
•Abstrate Random

Source:

Psychological
Differentiation
•Field Dependence
•Field Independence

Modality
•Visual
•Auditory
•Tactile
•Kinesthetic

Multiple
Intelligences
Source:

Affective Elements

Conceptual
Understanding

• Affective elements are the
motivational forces within
a learner typically viewed
as stimulating and
guiding behavior.
–Conceptual Level
–Psychological Types
Source:

• High

Conceptual Level

– These students are more
independent. They enjoy
individual projects, problem
solving, and a choice of
assignments.

• Low
– These see environment as fixed
and rigid. They are not able to
look at alternative solutions to
problems.

Source:

Psychological Types

• Thinker

– These learners are more objective and
reason logically their decisions.

• Sensor
– These learners relate best to the real
world and concrete experiences.

• Feeler
– These learners make decisions based
more on their emotions and insight than
reason.

• Intuitor
– These learners relate to the world through
intuition. They are more global and more
apt to dislike detailed work.
Source:

The Theory of
Multiple Intelligences
For Gardner, intelligence is:
the ability to create an effective product or offer a
service that is valued in a culture;
a set of skills that make it possible for a person to
solve problems in life;

the potential for finding or creating solutions for
problems, which involves gathering new knowledge
Source:
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/education/ed_mi_overview.html

Multiple
Intelligences

http://www.slideshare.net/verovera78/multiple-intelligneces-final?from_search=7

REFERENCES:

.

childrensministry Learning Styles. Retrieved on Saturday 21June 2013 at

Howard Gardners’s Multipple Intelligence. Retrieved last June 30, 2013 Sunday from
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/education/ed_mi_overview.html
Keesee, Gayla. Learning Theories & the Net Generation. Retrieved on Sat 22
June 2013 at
http://www.slideshare.net/gskeesee/learning-theories-341414?from_search=1
Salandanan, Gloria G.(2009). Methods of Teaching. Lorimar Publishing,Inc., Metro
Manila, Philippines
Vera, Veronica. Multiple intelligences. Retrieved last Saturday June 22, 2013 at

Learner: Components of Effective Teaching

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