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                                                          Ages 12+ years
                    NATIONAL




                                             1v11               s
                             for Coaches - 1
                 A Re source
Contents

                                     Page

                                            3         Introduction

                                            4         Scotland’s National Player Pathway

                                            6         Role of the Coach

                                            8         Coach Development Pathway

                                            9         Positive Coaching

                                          15          Codes of Conduct and Good Practice

                                          18          Matchday Protocol

                                          19          11-a-side Football Match-day Guidelines

                                          20          Practical Content

                                          25          Referee Information

                                          27          Contacts




2   The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
                                                                                                02.12
Introduction

This booklet is designed to help all our volunteers
working with an 11-a-side team.
Supporting the development of young players to play the 11- a-side game
is important to the success of our national game. The National Player
Pathway provides a challenging, progressive system that will stimulate all
young aspiring footballers. You as a coach can educate and inspire young
players to achieve their potential and fulfil their ambitions, whether that’s
to have fun, learn new skills or to reach the top end of the game.

The 11-a-side game is the final step from the 4 and 7-a-side game formats
and will further extend their learning and skills to play the traditional
parent game. At this age and stage it is important to understand that
many young players play the game to have fun, play with their friends and
to improve their skills. A player’s natural desire to compete on the park
should be fostered but winning games shouldn’t become the only focus and
you should continue to provide a positive learning environment with a focus
on long term player development.

You as a coach should encourage the improvement in technique,
decision making, game understanding, individual physical development
and commitment to set goals but more importantly you will have the
opportunity to teach important aspects of life through football, such as
fair play, confidence, teamwork, resilience, dedication and commitment.
Through football you have a tremendous opportunity to instil and reinforce
positive values and be a positive guide in a young person’s journey
through life.

Keep up the fantastic work you are doing and be the kind of coaches who
are remembered in a “difference making” way by young people long after
their playing days are over.

This booklet along with the developing talent section of our website (www.
scottishfa.co.uk/developingtalent) and our coach education courses are
designed to help you deliver an enjoyable, challenging and developmental
experience to your players.




                                                                                3
4
                                                  Scotland’s national Player Pathway

                                                  The Scottish FA has, in partnership with         12 + Years – Developing the player
                                                  the Scottish Youth FA and key football           The driving philosophy of this stage is:
                                                  stakeholders, implemented a National Player
                                                                                                   •	 Learning the game
                                                  Pathway that takes a common sense and            •	 Playing the game
                                                  player centered approach to developing the
                                                  football potential of our young people.




The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
                                                                                                   Objectives

                                                  The national player pathway is progressive,      •	 The focus of training is still on development: players
                                                  coherent and challenging and will allow young       natural desire to win on the park should be fostered
                                                  players to reach their potential wherever they      by the coaches but training should not be focussed
                                                                                                      on preparing a team to win but on developing the
                                                  live in the country.
                                                                                                      individual player
                                                  Following the philosophy that ‘the game grows    •	 As a player’s skill and game competence develops,
                                                  with the player’ the national player pathway        technical and tactical development becomes more
                                                  sets out principles and guidelines on best          emphasised. Focus on core skills and tactical
                                                                                                      application in competitive environments
                                                  practice for teaching players how to enjoy and
                                                  develop as players and citizens through our      •	 Progressively develop strength, power, speed and
                                                  national game.                                      endurance through individual programmes at this
                                                                                                      stage
                                                                                                   •	Encourage players to practice in their own time and
                                                                                                     set homework challenges
The NATIONAL player pathway works as follows



                                                  9-12 years. Learning to Play

                                                             7v7
          6-8 years. Desire to Play
                      4v4

                                                                           13 - 16 years.
                                                                           Developing the player                                  11v11
                                                                                 11-a–side football represents the best game format for
                                                                                 players aged 13+ years of age. It should follow:
                                                                                 •	   Traditional Season
                                                                                 •	   Trophy Football
                                                                                 •	   Normal laws of game apply
                                                                                 •	   Size 4 ball at 13 level, size 5 ball thereafter
           •	   Coaching                                                         •	   2 x 35 minute games at 13 AND 14
           •	   Volunteering                                                     •	   2 X 40 min games at 15 and 16
                                                                                 •	   2 X 45 min games at 17 and above
           •	   Officiating                                                      •	   Rolling subs
           •	   Spectating




                                 Adult Football
                                •	 Professional                          16-21 years. Preparing to                     	
                                •	 Amateur                               	            Compete
                                •	 Recreational                                              11v11




5
Role of the Coach
             The role of the coach within youth football is crucial as this is the stage
             where players will learn to play the traditional 11 v 11 game and develop
             standards and values around playing the game.
             It is your role to help players to learn the game, to maximise on their
             skills and to work as part of a team. It is important not to pressurise
             young people to win early in their development but to teach values of hard
             work, resilience and willingness to learn and make their experience an
             enjoyable one.

             A knowledge of young people and how to teach is often more important
             than a knowledge of the game. It is also important that we understand
             why young people enjoy playing football and importantly how to keep them
             playing football for as long as possible.

             Your role as coach is to ……..
             • 	 Provide enjoyable and challenging activity suitable to the age
                 of the players
             • 	 Provide well organised and planned practices and games
             • 	 Provide stimulating activities that promote skills and
                 movement development
             • 	Communicate appropriately with young people
             • 	 Praise and encourage young players to have the freedom to
                 express themselves
             •	Use teachable moments to educate young people
             • 	 Be a good role model
             • 	 Teach basic ethics of fair play and sportsmanship
             • 	 Be patient with your players during this transition as it may take time
                 for some of them to adapt to the 11 v 11 game

             ……..so that the players will……
             • 	 Be motivated to play the game so it becomes a lifelong habit
             • 	 Develop skills, technique and fitness
             • 	 Be comfortable with the ball
             • 	 Be more confident to try new challenges
             • 	Understand and demonstrate good sportsmanship
             •	 Be hardworking and committed
             •	 Be resilient when handling adversity
             •	 Be motivated to practice more

6   The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
Use the checklist below to help guide you to create the best possible
football experience for your young players:

	 Make it fun 		
	 Make it safe 		
	Use the ball 		
	 Always coach positively
	 Involve all your players
	 Be patient 		
	 Be a good role model



                                                                        7
Coach Development Pathway

        The Scottish FA continues to invest in the development of our coaches
        and volunteers and values the role these people play in the development
        of our game. The game is as good as the coaches who provide the
        opportunities. To ensure quality provision we have worked hard to
        implement a Coach Development Pathway which addresses the needs of
        the coach in relation to the age and stage of their players.

        The following pathway for coaches working in the youth game is available:



                                Level 5 Advanced Youth Licence (23 Days)




                                   Level 4 Basic Youth Award (5 Days)




                                                                                    Physical Preparation Course
                                Level 3 Coaching in the Game (2 Days)




                           Level 2 Coaching Youth Footballers (2 Days)




                                Level 1 Development Activities (1 Day)


      For more information on the Scottish FA coach education pathway visit
      www.scottishfa.co.uk or contact your local football development officer.



8   The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
Positive Coaching

The Scottish FA and Scottish Youth
FA in partnership with the Winning
Scotland Foundation and Sportscotland
has embraced the Positive Coaching
Scotland Programme (PCS) which
recognises that major challenges exist
in modern day grassroots football
and aims to address these through a
change in culture. The mission of PCS
is simple – to recognise that through
football young people learn valuable
life lessons. It challenges the ‘win at all costs’ mentality and focuses on
learning, respect, responsibility, effort and success.

Disruption on the touchline, disrespect for officials, coaches focused on
win at all costs, young people being parented from a professional sports
perspective .… Scotland faces a number of challenging cultural issues
that are overflowing in youth football.

Together these factors are causing more and more young people to drop
out of football and miss out on the type of valuable life lessons that only
sport delivers. Positive coaching was established to help reverse this
trend.

By involving the whole community, PCS provides the tools and
framework for a positive sporting experience by educating and
encouraging positive attitude and behaviour among coaches, parents,
leaders and players.




                                                                              9
Positive Coaching

             ‘Win at all cost’ coach v Positive coach

             Professional football has elevated a win at all costs mentality to the fore
             with winning being an overriding concern. Research has shown that
             99.5% of young players will never make it to the professional game yet
             we still apply the same mentality to youth football that means far too
             many coaches miss the opportunity to teach or develop young people.
             This often creates a pressurised environment which leads to a negative
             experience and the end result of young players dropping out of the game.

             By focusing on effort, learning and bouncing back from mistakes you as
             coaches can develop an environment where young people see working
             hard to get better rather than focussing simply on winning as the
             motivation to succeed.

             The focus of a positive coach should be on two goals:
             •	 Winning (important) - learning to compete effectively, through
                concerted effort
             •	 Teaching life lessons through football (more important) - such as
                leadership, confidence, resilience, teamwork, persistence, respect
                and compassion


             “Success is no accident. It is hard work,
             perseverance, learning, studying and love of what
             you are learning to do”




10   The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
Positive Coaching

Helping you redefine winner?

Positive Coaching Scotland promotes the use of a number of tools
to help you at training and a match to define that winning is success
through effort.

These include
•	Effort Goals
•	 Mistake rituals
•	 Rewarding unsuccessful effort

Effort Goals
Goal setting can be a powerful tool for coaches to motivate young
players to achieve. A goal gives the young person a focus to work
towards something that they want to achieve.
Effort Goals are achievable if the young person works hard and puts in
appropriate effort to achieve and can easily see when progress has been
made. Outcome goals such as winning games, scoring goals or tackling
an opponent tend to focus on the end result and do not take into account
any of the effort which was made to achieve them.
Outcome goals can provide motivation. However solely focusing on the
result can lead to increased anxiety and lowered self-confidence.
Effort Goals can motivate because players can control their effort
and the success on achieving them is not effected by external factors
including the ability or form of the opposition and decisions the referee
will make.




                                                                            11
When setting goals for your young players make sure they are focussed
                      on effort and not on outcome. Example goals include;


                                                                                                                                   Effort Goals                                                                                                                                                                                  Outcome Goals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Vs
                                                                                                                                      (Control)                                                                                                                                                                                  (Not in Control)

                                               Sprint after all 50-50 balls                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Gain possession of the ball

                                                                                Shoot on sight
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Score a goal
                                                                           Follow up rebounds

                                                                 Play short passes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Keep possession of the ball
                                                              Movement off the ball

                                                     Deliver as many crosses                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Assist a goal from a
                                                                  as you can                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     cross ball


                      Effort Goals set at the correct level will allow players to progress
                      towards their outcome goals.
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12   The Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
Positive Coaching
Mistake rituals

Mistakes are what young players worry about most. Once a player makes
a mistake on the pitch or in training it can have a negative impact on their
confidence and often lead to them giving up easily and not trying again.
Mistakes are inevitable. When we ask our players to give 100% and try to
learn new things they are bound to make mistakes. As a coach you must
be patient and encourage your players to learn from mistakes and more
importantly bounce back and try again. Encourage your players that making
mistakes is ok. The key is to recover quickly so you can make the next play.
A mistake ritual is a gesture and a statement that coaches and players
use to transform the fear of mistakes. A mistake ritual allows players to
quickly ‘reset’ for the next play without beating themselves up for making a
mistake. Using key words or actions you can get your players to respond in
a positive way and keep trying new challenges.

•	 “Stamp it out” – a quick stamp on the ground and move on to next play

•	 “Bounce Up” - anytime a player finds themselves on the ground (tackled,
   tripped etc.) they immediately “bounce up” off the ground as quickly as
   they can. This signals them to get up, move on quickly, and get ready for
   the next play, as opposed to languishing on the ground and lamenting
   the mistake

•	 “Double Clap” - often when players make a mistake they put their head
   in their hands in frustration and/or use expletives. A “double clap” ritual
   punctuated with a “Come on!” helps them keep their head up and focus
   on what’s next


“Remember – it’s not the mistake that
matters, it’s how you respond to it!”
Rewarding unsuccessful effort
All coaches reward players who have performed a good play such as
scoring a goal or making a great pass but to maximise team effort, reward
players who try hard but fail to make the play.




                                                                                 13
As a coach look for moments that the player has not been successful and praise
     the player’s effort. For example a player may dribble past two defenders but shoots
     the ball high over the crossbar and they will instantly be disappointed. You as a
     coach can praise the effort he/she has shown to make the play and the success he/
     she had in getting past the defenders to shoot. This promotes that you as a coach
     notices effort no matter what the outcome and in turn motivating your team to work
     hard and show resilience.

     Fill the emotional tank - Building Confidence

     Coaches who praise and encourage young players to be build confidence will
     encourage them to be optimistic, deal better with adversity and will try any
     challenges that is put their way.

     Coaches who shout and demean players reduce confidence in young players and
     when they are low in confidence they will be pessimistic, give up more easily and
     become defensive when handling adversity.

     By the age of 14, 70% of young people will have dropped out of the sport. At this
     age and stage of a player’s development you as a coach can stop this trend by
     motivating and building confidence in your young players to stay in football and
     learn skills that will help them in life.

     To build confidence it is very important as a coach how you give feedback:

     •	 Truthful and specific praise – give examples where they have shown good effort
        and praise them for it

     •	 Show appreciation – show appreciation to players for how they have helped you
        as a coach and how they have helped the team

     •	 Listening - ask questions of your young people about training practices, matches
        and what they have learned. Consult with young people on goalsetting

     •	 Non-verbal – shaking hands, thumbs up, clapping, nodding all help to build a
        young players confidence

     A coach should always avoid criticism, sarcasm, ignoring and also be very careful of
     your non-verbal body language including head in hands, shaking your head, turning
     away in disgust. These all demotivate young players and drain their confidence.

     If you support and encourage a developing player over an initial 6 to 12 month
     period with praise and encouragement you will be rewarded with a greatly improved
     player willing to work hard to succeed for many years to come.




14   The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
Codes of Conduct & Good Practice
One of the critical components of our game is the passion that people show for
the team and club that they support. Whilst this passion is usually harnessed
and used to support our game it sometimes can boil over to create negative
situations. We must all work together in the attempt to eliminate this negative
passion. Codes of Conduct are an integral component of footballing activities
and the following codes compliment the good work of the many football bodies
in Scotland.
All members of your club or association must adopt specific codes. The Scottish
FA & the Scottish Youth FA encourages members to be vigilant in enforcing such
codes whether via support for those who constantly abide by the codes and/or
penalties for those who fail to act in accordance with the codes.
Fair Play must be fundamental to the aims and objectives of the club where it
is crucial to ensure that all players, officials and volunteers abide by the rules,
respect everyone and maintain high standards of sportsmanship at all times.
Always Honour the Game!



COACHES’ CODE OF CONDUCT
•	 Allow all players, no matter their level of ability the
   opportunity to play
• 	 Respect the rights, dignity and worth of every player and treat
    everyone equally within the context of football
• 	 Always pursue fair play
•	Ensure you always show respect for officials
• 	 Prohibit use of camcorders and cameras unless parental consent
    has been provided
• 	 Place safety and well-being of the player above the development
    of performance
•	 Be aware of the Scottish FA, SYFA and the Club’s Child &
   Vulnerable Adult Protection Policy and Procedures




                                                                                      15
• 	Ensure that coaching sessions are enjoyable, well-structured and focus on
        developing skills, decision making and a general understanding of the game
     • 	 Develop an appropriate working relationship with players based on mutual
         trust and respect
     • 	Encourage players to accept responsibility for their own behaviour
        and performance
     • 	Ensure that sessions and games are appropriate for the age, maturity,
        experience and ability of the individual player
     • 	 Must consistently display high standards of appearance and behaviour
     • 	 Know where to find appropriate first-aid. Contact Scottish Youth FA
     • 	Hold a current membership list and have a register available at all activities



     PLAYERS’ CODE OF CONDUCT
     • 	 Play by the rules – the rules of your club and the laws of the game
     • 	 Never argue with a referee or other official – respect referees and
         thank them for the game
     • 	Control your temper - verbal abuse of officials and abusing other
        players doesn’t help you enjoy or win any games
     • 	 Be a team player – it’s a team game. Treat it that way
     • 	 Treat all players as you would like to be treated – fairly
     •	Co-operate with your coach the referee and team-mates
     • 	 Play for your own enjoyment and to improve your
         skills through hard work
     • 	 Don’t use ugly remarks based on race, religion,
         gender or ability – you’ll let down your coach,
         team-mates and family if you do – and many such
         comments are actually now illegal




16   The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
Positive Parents: Making parents an asset
                                                                                       Young players bring parents with them so you as a coach must engage with
                                                                                       parents to help build a positive team culture. A good working relationship
                                                                                       between coaches and parents can be a great tool in developing young players.

                                                                                       Parent meeting- a meeting with the parents at the start of the season can be a
                                                                                       great way of developing a positive environment and setting down the standards
                                                                                       that you will be applying for the coming season.
                                                                                       At this meeting you should discuss;
                                                                                       •	 Coaching Philosophy – discuss your philosophy as a coach which may
                                                                                          include respect, effort, learning and set your rules on game time, missing
                                                                                          training, travel etc.
                                                                                       •	 Aims and goals – set down aims and goals for the season including player
                                                                                          and team development
                                                                                       •	 Logistics – training and game information, team contact list and what
                                                                                          equipment the players will need
                                                                                       •	 Parent code of conduct/Parent pledge – clear rules regards match days and
                                                                                          the behaviour expected to best support their child
                                                                                                                                                                                                   Parent Volunteers – Parents can be a fantastic support for your
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Scottish Charity Number
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own!
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                        live up to what you                                                                                                                                                          PCS Parent leaflet – Coaches and PCS touchline champions
oachingscotland.com
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                                                                          helping you become a                                                                                                      behaviour you set and the use of the leaflets is a way of reminding
                                             gscotland.com

land.org.uk/pcs
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              17
Match Day Protocol
        On match days the home team should follow the guidelines below to
        ensure that we create the best possible environment for our young
        players to play in.

        •	Early arrival at venue
        •	Set up pitch – safety check, erect goals, set out spectator area on
          one side of pitch 1 metre back from touchline. (Please refer to www.
          scottishfa.co.uk for Play it Safe leaflet)
        •	 Meet and greet own players
        •	 Meet and greet away team. Club official to show opposition to team
           dressing room
        •	 Meet and greet referee and introduce to home and away team. Carry out
           a safety check and remind players of the standard of behaviour required
        •	 Pre match preparations – warm up, game information, goal setting
        •	Champions league handshakes- home team, away team, coaches
          and referees
        •	 PCS Touchline Champion to support the positive ethos of the game by
           distributing Positive Coaching parent leaflets and supervising positive
           touchline behaviour
        •	End of game handshakes to congratulate referee, opposition and all
          others involved
        •	 Post-match – cool down, review effort goals, effort and fair play. Use
           teachable moments to reinforce high standards of behaviour
        •	 Information to team regards training, next game
        •	 A first aider must be in attendance at all club events and all injuries should
           be recorded with a note of action taken in relation to each one. Never play
           injured players




18   The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
11-a-side Football Match Guidelines
11-a-side (age groups thirteen to twenty-one years)




All matches to be played in accordance
with the Playing Rules of the Scottish
Youth FA and the Laws of the Game.
Normal laws of game apply (Laws of Game
document)
•	Size 4 ball at 13 level, size 5 ball
  thereafter                                                               Laws o
                                                                 1
                                                            2010/201




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                                                                            the Ga
                                         FA.com
                                                      Game




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                                                                             011



•	 2 x 35 minute games at 13 and 14
                                                  Laws




•	 2 X 40 min games at 15 and 16
•	 2 X 45 min games at 17 and above                   www.scottishfa.co.uk/
                                                      football_document_libraries.
•	 Rolling subs. 5 from 5 up to and
                                                      cfm?page=719
   including age 17. 19’s and 21’s 5 from 5




                                                                                        19
Practical content
                                                       C
     11’s – Defenders
     DRILL - Set Up:                        D
     Passing rotation with 2 balls working. Balls start in
     opposite corners. Players follow pass in rotation.
     Instructions:
     Starting players roll the ball out from their feet to start
     rotation. This triggers movement from the next player.
     Players pass round the rotation and follow pass.
     Part 1 – 	Pass from full back to striker.
               	Pass from full back to wide player.
               	Pass from full back to centre mid.
     Part 2 Progression – Add players to allow centre back involvement – Play into centre half
     and then forward to striker.
     Coaching Points:
     •	 Movement to receive pass
     •	Open up body
     •	 Good first touch
     •	 Quality of pass


     GAME-RELATED PRACTICE - Set Up:
     Pitch set up with 3 zones. Two balls working at the
     same time. Back 4 set up with 2 strikers. Floating
     midfielders are involved with both teams.
     Instructions:
     Goalkeeper in each goal start with a ball and throw to
     same side full back (left). Full backs open up body and
     play pass into striker. Floating midfielders can go and
     support to end with a finish from strikers or midfield.
     Play can start using any of the back 4 but must be the
     same on both sides.
     Progression - Goalkeeper can through ball to any player in the back 4. Ball can also be
     played into midfield with defender supporting. Always finish with a shot at goals.
     Coaching Points:
      •	 Movement to receive the ball from goalkeeper
      •	 Awareness and body position
      •	 Good first touch
      •	 Quality of pass
      •	 Decision making
      •	Supporting play


20   The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
CONDITIONED GAME - Set Up:
Pitch set up with 3 zones. One ball in play. Back 4
set up with 2 strikers. Floating midfielders play with
team in possession.
Instructions:
Goalkeeper starts with ball and plays to one of the
back four. Opposing strikers can apply pressure.
Ball must be played up to striker with one floating
midfielder supporting.
Two opposing full backs go off the side of the pitch
when defending to allow overload for a finish.
When play stops defenders come back on pitch and start attack through goalkeeper.
Players must defend goal side
Progression – play through midfield with defender supporting to play pass into striker.
Finally remove the zones to allow free play.
Coaching Points:
•	 Movement to receive the ball from goalkeeper
•	 Awareness and body position
•	 Good first touch
•	 Quality of pass
•	 Decision making
•	Supporting play



11’s – Midfield
DRILL - Set Up:
Set up as defenders, midfielders and forwards
Two groups of players working at same time.
Instructions:
Defender 1 plays pass to midfield 2 who has “come
short” to receive. Pass is then played to midfield
player 3 who has made blindside run, player
3 receives and passes out to forward player 4.
Players follow their pass other than player 4 who
dribbles across to opposite group. Two balls going at same time.
Progression 1 – Sequence now player 1 to 3 to 2 to 4.
Progression 2 – Two defenders at 1 inter-pass prior to playing angled pass into midfield.
Coaching Points:
•	 Weight, angle and timing of passes
•	 Timing and angle of runs to receive
•	 Decisions

                                                                                            21
GAME-RELATED PRACTICE - Set Up:
     3v1 in the end zones with 4v4 in middle area.
     Instructions:
     Defenders look to build by playing ball into midfield
     players – the other midfield defend.
     Attacking midfield, look to create, with the objective
     being to complete a successful pass into the target
     player.
     Play commences this time from opposite defenders
     building and looking to play through midfield into
     forwards.
     Progression 1 - when pass is played into the forward a further pass must be completed to a
     supporting midfield player who has supported into the final 3rd.
     Progression 2 - passes can be played from defenders into forwards (after set up by midfield
     then direct for midfield to support).
     Coaching Points:
     •	 Angle and timing of support
     •	 Decisions - when to retain possession and when to penetrate


     CONDITIONED GAME - Set Up:
     Three-Zone Conditioned Game 2 - 4 - 1 system
     with GK’s
     Instructions:
     Play commences with GK and 2 defenders building
     from the back.
     Play must initially go though the midfield who looks to
     play off the forward in the final 3rd and support. Only
     2 midfield players can support and create a 3 v 2 in
     the end zone.
     Midfield players are numbered 1 to 4 and respond to
     coach commands e.g. player 1 and 3 shape towards
     the ball whilst 2 and 4 seek to get in behind opposing midfield.
     Progression 1 - midfield players can drive into final 3rd.
     Progression 2 - play can be from back to front with midfield support.
     Eventually lift the conditions and play normal game.
     Coaching Points:
     •	 Timing and angle of support
     •	 Decision making - when to retain possession and when to penetrate




22   The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
11’s – STRIKERS
DRILL - Set Up:
Balls start at each corner and players move up a
station anti clockwise. Different movements can be
done as follows:
 1 	Ball is passed to 2nd striker and laid back to 1st
    striker who passes to top player. They then pass
    to opposite starting group. Players progress up
    a station.
 2 	As above although 1-2 is played with 1st striker
    before playing up to 2nd striker. 2nd striker spins
    and receives 1-2 around defender (mannequin/pole or cone).
 3 	As above. First striker then makes across face run.
 4 	Across face run as per no 3 but use 1st striker as a decoy run and 2nd striker spins with ball.
 5- 1st striker spins inside to receive ball from 2nd striker.
Coaching Points:
•	 Movement of strikers
•	 Awareness of offside, timing of runs
•	 Weight of pass, safe side pass


GAME-RELATED PRACTICE - Set Up:
Instructions:
Ball starts in central midfield and is played out to
wide midfield and back into central. On central
midfielders 1st touch, forward nearest striker
comes short.
Previous striker movement can then be applied:
A – 1-2 with 2nd striker spinning off defender.
B – Across face run etc
Rotation: rotation is the players moving from
position 1 to 2 to 3 on the same side. The strikers
remain for a period of 5 minutes and then can change.
Progression - Remove mannequins/poles to introduce 1 defender then 2 defenders
Coaching Points:
•	 Awareness
•	First touch,
•	 Awareness of offside
•	 Body shape to receive ball, timing of runs
•	 Angle and weight of passes
•	 Decision making, anticipation


                                                                                                 23
CONDITIONED GAME - Set Up:
     Pitch 60 x 40 yds. 14-16 Players, 2v2 in midfield
     zone, each end zone has GK and 3 defenders against
     2 attackers.
     Instructions:
     GK passes to either defender (opposition strikers
     are passive until first touch). Ball is played into each
     zone with 1 player allowed to support into each zone
     to create an overload. Midfield can’t track back into
     defensive zone initially. As the ball is moving across
     the pitch the strikers are moving in relation to the
     ball. Previous movements encouraged.
     Progressions:
     (a)Defender can pass straight to striker.
     (b) Attackers can come deeper into midfield zone to create space for balls in behind.
     (c) 3v3 in midfield.
     (d) Remove conditions and play game.
     Coaching Points:
     •	 1st touch
     •	 Awareness of offside
     •	 Body shape to receive ball, timing of runs
     •	 Angle and weight of passes
     •	 Decision making, anticipation




24   The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
Coaches & Refereeing
•	   Players, coaches, and referees are all part of the game
•	   Understanding each other’s roles is important to the future of the
     game and building better relationships
•	   Every participant in football must recognise they have a
     contribution to make
•	   Referees can contribute to your knowledge and understanding of
     the Laws of the Game
•	   The conduct of coaches impacts on the behaviour of the players/
     spectators/parents and the temperature of the match
•	   You are a role model for the players
•	   The focus should be on coaching your players
•	   Law 5 enables the referee to apply the Laws of the Game
•	   You must accept the decisions of the referee during the course of
     the game
•	   Laws of the Game Awareness Courses are available at your local
     referee association
•	   Let’s all “focus on football”.




For information on becoming a referee click on the link below
www.scottishfa.co.uk/refereecareers




                                                                          25
SECRETARIES OF REFEREES’ ASSOCIATIONS
     You may wish to contact one of the following Association Secretaries:

     Aberdeen and District (Incorporating              Lanarkshire
     Orkney and Shetland)                              Jim McCunnie, 23 The Fairways,
     Neil Palmer, 41 Clashfarquhar Crescent,           Bothwell, G71 8PB.
     Portlethen, Aberdeen, AB12 4TN.                   Telephone: 01698 854091 (h)
     Telephone: 01224 782119 (h)                       e-mail: jmccunnie@bissettprinters.co.uk
     e-mail: neil.palmer@cnrinternational.com          www.sfar-lanarkshire.org.uk
     www.aberdeenanddistrictreferees.co.uk
                                                       Moray and Banff
     Angus and Perthshire                              Douglas Ross, 2 Upper Spynie Steading,
     Brian Connelly, 77 Strachan Avenue,               Calcots, By Elgin, IV30 5PG.
     Broughty Ferry, Dundee, DD5 1RF.                  Telephone: 01343 550048 (h)
     Telephone: 01382 736271 (h)                       e-mail:
     e-mail: bconnelly@blueyonder.co.uk                Douglas.ross@scottish.parliament.uk
     www.aprefs.co.uk	                                 www.mbreferees.co.uk

     Ayrshire                                          North of Scotland
     Tom Loy, 16 Gordon Street, Catrine,               Eric Robertson, “Rogie”, 1a Wellside Road,
     Mauchline, KA5 6PQ.                               Balloch, Inverness, IV2 7GS.
     Telephone: 01290 551697 (h)                       Telephone: 01463 798488 (h)
     e-mail: tomloy@ayrshirerefs.fsnet.co.uk           e-mail: er.robertson@btinternet.com
                                                       www.nosref.org.uk
     Edinburgh and District
     Graeme Leslie, 68 Baird’s Way,                    Renfrewshire
     Bonnyrigg, EH19 3NT.                              Stephen Martin, 4 Gallacher Avenue,
     Telephone: 0131 660 4079 (h)                      Paisley, PA2 9HE.
     e-mail: g.leslie@mccurrach.co.uk                  Telephone: 01505 810238 (h)
     www.edinburghrefs.com                             e-mail:
                                                       stephen.martin@sppowersystems.co.uk
     Fife
     David McGeachie, 9 Scotstarvit View,              South of Scotland
     Cupar, KY15 5DX.                                  Rod Williamson, “Carronvale”, 9 Minden
     Telephone: 07743 113076 (m)                       Drive, Dumfries, DG1 4DZ.
     e-mail: mcgeachie.david@gmail.com                 Telephone: 01387 251876 (h)
     www.fifereferees.co.uk                            e-mail: rsw@carsontrotter.co.uk

     Glasgow                                           Stirlingshire
     Gerry Durning, 30 Kilmore Crescent,               Wes Boulstridge, “Dunottar”, 3 Paris
     Glasgow, G15 8AP.                                 Avenue, Denny, FK6 5AB.
     Telephone: 0141 944 6362 (h)                      Telephone: 01324 823190 (h)
     e-mail: durning1@sky.com                          e-mail:
     www. glasgowreferees.co.uk                        wes.boulstridge@centralscotlandfire.gov.uk
                                                       www.sfar-stirlingshire.co.uk




26   The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
Contacts
Scottish Youth FA                         Scottish FA Regions

Scottish Youth FA (SYFA)                  ScottishFA North Region
Chief Executive David Little              Regional Manager Graeme Sutherland
Hampden Park, Glasgow G42 9BF             Office Details:
0141 620 4590                             Elgin Community Centre, Elgin
e-mail: syfa@scottish-football.com        e-mail: north@scottishfa.co.uk
www.scottishyouthfa.co.uk                 Telephone: 01343 540101

SYFA Central Region                       ScottishFA West Region
Secretary Jim Dolan                       Regional Manager Paul McNeill
Telephone: 01698 400920 (h)               Office Details: KGV Centre, Renfrew
07887 774082 (m)                          e-mail: westregion@scottishfa.co.uk
e-mail: jd009a2705@blueyonder.co.uk       Telephone: 0141 886 7366

SYFA East Region                          ScottishFA South West Region
Secretary Hugh McGregor                   Regional Manager John Brown
Telephone: 01383 734002 (h)               Office Details:
07971 296579 (m)                          Magnum Leisure Centre, Irvine
e-mail: h5503@hotmail.co.uk               e-mail: southwest@scottishfa.co.uk
                                          Telephone: 01294 317430
SYFA North Region
Secretary Neil Paterson                   ScottishFA East Region
Telephone: 01224 897897 (h)               Regional Manager Ian Lowe
07792 768657 (m)                          Office Details:
e-mail: secretary@northernsyfa.co.uk      Lynch Sports Centre, Dundee
                                          e-mail: east@scottishfa.co.uk
SYFA South East Region                    Telephone: 01382 431829
Secretary Allan Archibald
Telephone: 0131 334 0135                  ScottishFA Central Region
e-mail: allanarchibald@blueyonder.co.uk   Regional Manager Andrew Gilchrist
                                          Office Details: University of Stirling
SYFA South West Region                    e-mail: central@scottishfa.co.uk
Secretary Lynn McBride                    Telephone: 01786 467165
Telephone: 01292 479768
e-mail: lynnmcbride.pwk@btinternet.com    ScottishFA South East Region
                                          Regional Manager David Drummond
SYFA West Region                          Office Details:
Secretary Jim Smith                       University of Edinburgh,
Telephone: 0141 764 3663 (h)              McArthur Pavilion, Peffermill Road
07891 373222 (m)                          e-mail: southeast@scottishfa.co.uk
e-mail: syfawest@onetel.com               Telephone: 0131 667 8245




                                                                                   27
R                  COMMUNITY PARTNER




    Is YOUR club
    interested in...
    •	 Becoming more successful on and off the park?
    •	 Raising its profile at local and national level?
    •	 Resources to increase Coach Education and First Aid?
    •	Visits by Scottish FA coaches and staff to develop your
      young players and volunteers?
    If the answer to any of the above questions is ‘YES’ then join the growing
    number of clubs who are committed to partnership working with the Scottish FA
    and are now reaping the rewards of the SCOTTISH FA QUALITY MARK AWARD,
    supported by McDonald’s
    For further information please contact your
    Regional Manager. See previous page for details.
    Or visit our website.




    www.scottishfa.co.uk
now                   Check out the new
        e                     downloadable coaching
  lin

                      resource from the Scottish FA...
on



                           FOR EVERY COACH • FOR EVERY PLAYER
        A NEW resource for all football coaches. Activities that will enable you
        to guide all players, irrespective of age or ability, with quality sessions
          at the click of a mouse. Go to our website and select the appropriate
                              stage to find relevant material for your age range.


                  www.scottishfa.co.uk/developingtalent




                                          THE SCOTTISH FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION
Developed from the original programme created by
                                             Positive Coaching Alliance.




Positive Coaching Scotland
CREATING A
POSITIVE YOUTH
FOOTBALL CULTURE
BETTER PLAYERS BETTER PEOPLE
www.scottishfa.co.uk/positivecoaching
         @ScottishFA_PCS
PROUD TO SUPPORT THE
PROUD TO SUPPORT
NATIONAL PLAYER PATHWAY
THE PLAYER PATHWAY
McDonald’s is proud to support The Scottish FA Player Pathway and play our
part in helping Scotland’s young players reach their full potential. By 2014 we
will have trained 10,000 new coaches vital to the delivery of this exciting new
programme. Through our support of over 600 local Quality Mark Clubs we are
committed to providing a better football experience for all. Just some of the
good stuff that helps to make the game happen.

Find out more at McDonalds.co.uk/football

McDONALD’S. MORE FOOTBALL FOR ALL.
                                                         COMMUNITY PARTNER   COMMUNITY PARTNER
© 2011 McDonald’s.
COMMUNITY PARTNER   COMMUNITY PARTNER




          NATIONAL




         The Scottish FA
  Hampden Park Glasgow G42 9AY
T: 0141 616 6000 • F: 0141 616 6001
        www.scottishfa.co.uk

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Scottish FA Player Pathway 11v11s

  • 1. COMMUNITY PARTNER COMMUNITY PARTNER COMPOSITE LOGO STRAPLINE LOGO MARK Ages 12+ years NATIONAL 1v11 s for Coaches - 1 A Re source
  • 2. Contents Page 3 Introduction 4 Scotland’s National Player Pathway 6 Role of the Coach 8 Coach Development Pathway 9 Positive Coaching 15 Codes of Conduct and Good Practice 18 Matchday Protocol 19 11-a-side Football Match-day Guidelines 20 Practical Content 25 Referee Information 27 Contacts 2 The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16. 02.12
  • 3. Introduction This booklet is designed to help all our volunteers working with an 11-a-side team. Supporting the development of young players to play the 11- a-side game is important to the success of our national game. The National Player Pathway provides a challenging, progressive system that will stimulate all young aspiring footballers. You as a coach can educate and inspire young players to achieve their potential and fulfil their ambitions, whether that’s to have fun, learn new skills or to reach the top end of the game. The 11-a-side game is the final step from the 4 and 7-a-side game formats and will further extend their learning and skills to play the traditional parent game. At this age and stage it is important to understand that many young players play the game to have fun, play with their friends and to improve their skills. A player’s natural desire to compete on the park should be fostered but winning games shouldn’t become the only focus and you should continue to provide a positive learning environment with a focus on long term player development. You as a coach should encourage the improvement in technique, decision making, game understanding, individual physical development and commitment to set goals but more importantly you will have the opportunity to teach important aspects of life through football, such as fair play, confidence, teamwork, resilience, dedication and commitment. Through football you have a tremendous opportunity to instil and reinforce positive values and be a positive guide in a young person’s journey through life. Keep up the fantastic work you are doing and be the kind of coaches who are remembered in a “difference making” way by young people long after their playing days are over. This booklet along with the developing talent section of our website (www. scottishfa.co.uk/developingtalent) and our coach education courses are designed to help you deliver an enjoyable, challenging and developmental experience to your players. 3
  • 4. 4 Scotland’s national Player Pathway The Scottish FA has, in partnership with 12 + Years – Developing the player the Scottish Youth FA and key football The driving philosophy of this stage is: stakeholders, implemented a National Player • Learning the game Pathway that takes a common sense and • Playing the game player centered approach to developing the football potential of our young people. The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16. Objectives The national player pathway is progressive, • The focus of training is still on development: players coherent and challenging and will allow young natural desire to win on the park should be fostered players to reach their potential wherever they by the coaches but training should not be focussed on preparing a team to win but on developing the live in the country. individual player Following the philosophy that ‘the game grows • As a player’s skill and game competence develops, with the player’ the national player pathway technical and tactical development becomes more sets out principles and guidelines on best emphasised. Focus on core skills and tactical application in competitive environments practice for teaching players how to enjoy and develop as players and citizens through our • Progressively develop strength, power, speed and national game. endurance through individual programmes at this stage • Encourage players to practice in their own time and set homework challenges
  • 5. The NATIONAL player pathway works as follows 9-12 years. Learning to Play 7v7 6-8 years. Desire to Play 4v4 13 - 16 years. Developing the player 11v11 11-a–side football represents the best game format for players aged 13+ years of age. It should follow: • Traditional Season • Trophy Football • Normal laws of game apply • Size 4 ball at 13 level, size 5 ball thereafter • Coaching • 2 x 35 minute games at 13 AND 14 • Volunteering • 2 X 40 min games at 15 and 16 • 2 X 45 min games at 17 and above • Officiating • Rolling subs • Spectating Adult Football • Professional 16-21 years. Preparing to • Amateur Compete • Recreational 11v11 5
  • 6. Role of the Coach The role of the coach within youth football is crucial as this is the stage where players will learn to play the traditional 11 v 11 game and develop standards and values around playing the game. It is your role to help players to learn the game, to maximise on their skills and to work as part of a team. It is important not to pressurise young people to win early in their development but to teach values of hard work, resilience and willingness to learn and make their experience an enjoyable one. A knowledge of young people and how to teach is often more important than a knowledge of the game. It is also important that we understand why young people enjoy playing football and importantly how to keep them playing football for as long as possible. Your role as coach is to …….. • Provide enjoyable and challenging activity suitable to the age of the players • Provide well organised and planned practices and games • Provide stimulating activities that promote skills and movement development • Communicate appropriately with young people • Praise and encourage young players to have the freedom to express themselves • Use teachable moments to educate young people • Be a good role model • Teach basic ethics of fair play and sportsmanship • Be patient with your players during this transition as it may take time for some of them to adapt to the 11 v 11 game ……..so that the players will…… • Be motivated to play the game so it becomes a lifelong habit • Develop skills, technique and fitness • Be comfortable with the ball • Be more confident to try new challenges • Understand and demonstrate good sportsmanship • Be hardworking and committed • Be resilient when handling adversity • Be motivated to practice more 6 The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
  • 7. Use the checklist below to help guide you to create the best possible football experience for your young players: Make it fun Make it safe Use the ball Always coach positively Involve all your players Be patient Be a good role model 7
  • 8. Coach Development Pathway The Scottish FA continues to invest in the development of our coaches and volunteers and values the role these people play in the development of our game. The game is as good as the coaches who provide the opportunities. To ensure quality provision we have worked hard to implement a Coach Development Pathway which addresses the needs of the coach in relation to the age and stage of their players. The following pathway for coaches working in the youth game is available: Level 5 Advanced Youth Licence (23 Days) Level 4 Basic Youth Award (5 Days) Physical Preparation Course Level 3 Coaching in the Game (2 Days) Level 2 Coaching Youth Footballers (2 Days) Level 1 Development Activities (1 Day) For more information on the Scottish FA coach education pathway visit www.scottishfa.co.uk or contact your local football development officer. 8 The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
  • 9. Positive Coaching The Scottish FA and Scottish Youth FA in partnership with the Winning Scotland Foundation and Sportscotland has embraced the Positive Coaching Scotland Programme (PCS) which recognises that major challenges exist in modern day grassroots football and aims to address these through a change in culture. The mission of PCS is simple – to recognise that through football young people learn valuable life lessons. It challenges the ‘win at all costs’ mentality and focuses on learning, respect, responsibility, effort and success. Disruption on the touchline, disrespect for officials, coaches focused on win at all costs, young people being parented from a professional sports perspective .… Scotland faces a number of challenging cultural issues that are overflowing in youth football. Together these factors are causing more and more young people to drop out of football and miss out on the type of valuable life lessons that only sport delivers. Positive coaching was established to help reverse this trend. By involving the whole community, PCS provides the tools and framework for a positive sporting experience by educating and encouraging positive attitude and behaviour among coaches, parents, leaders and players. 9
  • 10. Positive Coaching ‘Win at all cost’ coach v Positive coach Professional football has elevated a win at all costs mentality to the fore with winning being an overriding concern. Research has shown that 99.5% of young players will never make it to the professional game yet we still apply the same mentality to youth football that means far too many coaches miss the opportunity to teach or develop young people. This often creates a pressurised environment which leads to a negative experience and the end result of young players dropping out of the game. By focusing on effort, learning and bouncing back from mistakes you as coaches can develop an environment where young people see working hard to get better rather than focussing simply on winning as the motivation to succeed. The focus of a positive coach should be on two goals: • Winning (important) - learning to compete effectively, through concerted effort • Teaching life lessons through football (more important) - such as leadership, confidence, resilience, teamwork, persistence, respect and compassion “Success is no accident. It is hard work, perseverance, learning, studying and love of what you are learning to do” 10 The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
  • 11. Positive Coaching Helping you redefine winner? Positive Coaching Scotland promotes the use of a number of tools to help you at training and a match to define that winning is success through effort. These include • Effort Goals • Mistake rituals • Rewarding unsuccessful effort Effort Goals Goal setting can be a powerful tool for coaches to motivate young players to achieve. A goal gives the young person a focus to work towards something that they want to achieve. Effort Goals are achievable if the young person works hard and puts in appropriate effort to achieve and can easily see when progress has been made. Outcome goals such as winning games, scoring goals or tackling an opponent tend to focus on the end result and do not take into account any of the effort which was made to achieve them. Outcome goals can provide motivation. However solely focusing on the result can lead to increased anxiety and lowered self-confidence. Effort Goals can motivate because players can control their effort and the success on achieving them is not effected by external factors including the ability or form of the opposition and decisions the referee will make. 11
  • 12. When setting goals for your young players make sure they are focussed on effort and not on outcome. Example goals include; Effort Goals Outcome Goals Vs (Control) (Not in Control) Sprint after all 50-50 balls Gain possession of the ball Shoot on sight Score a goal Follow up rebounds Play short passes Keep possession of the ball Movement off the ball Deliver as many crosses Assist a goal from a as you can cross ball Effort Goals set at the correct level will allow players to progress towards their outcome goals. Fair P la Please y Cards Fr note on these t visu als ar e low resolu t tion an al prin d not itable for fin suitab le for d not su final n an print solutio Supp orted by: s Fron t w re are lo ay Card ese visuals by: Fair Pl orted Supp note th Please by: orted Supp Positive otland Coach Coaching Sc Positiveing Scotlan d Scotland Coaching Positive Honour our Gam nour our Game! e! Ho Positive Coach by me created l program ce. the origina ing Scotland ed from ing Allian Develop ve Coach Positi r Game! Honour ou by me created l program Develo the origina ce. ped from ed from ing Allian Posit the origina ve Coach honour our gam Develop Positi ive Coac l progra mme hing create Alliance. d by e! Transforming youth sport soScottish transform youthsport can Developed from the original programme Positive Coachin created by g Alliance. 12 The Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
  • 13. Positive Coaching Mistake rituals Mistakes are what young players worry about most. Once a player makes a mistake on the pitch or in training it can have a negative impact on their confidence and often lead to them giving up easily and not trying again. Mistakes are inevitable. When we ask our players to give 100% and try to learn new things they are bound to make mistakes. As a coach you must be patient and encourage your players to learn from mistakes and more importantly bounce back and try again. Encourage your players that making mistakes is ok. The key is to recover quickly so you can make the next play. A mistake ritual is a gesture and a statement that coaches and players use to transform the fear of mistakes. A mistake ritual allows players to quickly ‘reset’ for the next play without beating themselves up for making a mistake. Using key words or actions you can get your players to respond in a positive way and keep trying new challenges. • “Stamp it out” – a quick stamp on the ground and move on to next play • “Bounce Up” - anytime a player finds themselves on the ground (tackled, tripped etc.) they immediately “bounce up” off the ground as quickly as they can. This signals them to get up, move on quickly, and get ready for the next play, as opposed to languishing on the ground and lamenting the mistake • “Double Clap” - often when players make a mistake they put their head in their hands in frustration and/or use expletives. A “double clap” ritual punctuated with a “Come on!” helps them keep their head up and focus on what’s next “Remember – it’s not the mistake that matters, it’s how you respond to it!” Rewarding unsuccessful effort All coaches reward players who have performed a good play such as scoring a goal or making a great pass but to maximise team effort, reward players who try hard but fail to make the play. 13
  • 14. As a coach look for moments that the player has not been successful and praise the player’s effort. For example a player may dribble past two defenders but shoots the ball high over the crossbar and they will instantly be disappointed. You as a coach can praise the effort he/she has shown to make the play and the success he/ she had in getting past the defenders to shoot. This promotes that you as a coach notices effort no matter what the outcome and in turn motivating your team to work hard and show resilience. Fill the emotional tank - Building Confidence Coaches who praise and encourage young players to be build confidence will encourage them to be optimistic, deal better with adversity and will try any challenges that is put their way. Coaches who shout and demean players reduce confidence in young players and when they are low in confidence they will be pessimistic, give up more easily and become defensive when handling adversity. By the age of 14, 70% of young people will have dropped out of the sport. At this age and stage of a player’s development you as a coach can stop this trend by motivating and building confidence in your young players to stay in football and learn skills that will help them in life. To build confidence it is very important as a coach how you give feedback: • Truthful and specific praise – give examples where they have shown good effort and praise them for it • Show appreciation – show appreciation to players for how they have helped you as a coach and how they have helped the team • Listening - ask questions of your young people about training practices, matches and what they have learned. Consult with young people on goalsetting • Non-verbal – shaking hands, thumbs up, clapping, nodding all help to build a young players confidence A coach should always avoid criticism, sarcasm, ignoring and also be very careful of your non-verbal body language including head in hands, shaking your head, turning away in disgust. These all demotivate young players and drain their confidence. If you support and encourage a developing player over an initial 6 to 12 month period with praise and encouragement you will be rewarded with a greatly improved player willing to work hard to succeed for many years to come. 14 The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
  • 15. Codes of Conduct & Good Practice One of the critical components of our game is the passion that people show for the team and club that they support. Whilst this passion is usually harnessed and used to support our game it sometimes can boil over to create negative situations. We must all work together in the attempt to eliminate this negative passion. Codes of Conduct are an integral component of footballing activities and the following codes compliment the good work of the many football bodies in Scotland. All members of your club or association must adopt specific codes. The Scottish FA & the Scottish Youth FA encourages members to be vigilant in enforcing such codes whether via support for those who constantly abide by the codes and/or penalties for those who fail to act in accordance with the codes. Fair Play must be fundamental to the aims and objectives of the club where it is crucial to ensure that all players, officials and volunteers abide by the rules, respect everyone and maintain high standards of sportsmanship at all times. Always Honour the Game! COACHES’ CODE OF CONDUCT • Allow all players, no matter their level of ability the opportunity to play • Respect the rights, dignity and worth of every player and treat everyone equally within the context of football • Always pursue fair play • Ensure you always show respect for officials • Prohibit use of camcorders and cameras unless parental consent has been provided • Place safety and well-being of the player above the development of performance • Be aware of the Scottish FA, SYFA and the Club’s Child & Vulnerable Adult Protection Policy and Procedures 15
  • 16. • Ensure that coaching sessions are enjoyable, well-structured and focus on developing skills, decision making and a general understanding of the game • Develop an appropriate working relationship with players based on mutual trust and respect • Encourage players to accept responsibility for their own behaviour and performance • Ensure that sessions and games are appropriate for the age, maturity, experience and ability of the individual player • Must consistently display high standards of appearance and behaviour • Know where to find appropriate first-aid. Contact Scottish Youth FA • Hold a current membership list and have a register available at all activities PLAYERS’ CODE OF CONDUCT • Play by the rules – the rules of your club and the laws of the game • Never argue with a referee or other official – respect referees and thank them for the game • Control your temper - verbal abuse of officials and abusing other players doesn’t help you enjoy or win any games • Be a team player – it’s a team game. Treat it that way • Treat all players as you would like to be treated – fairly • Co-operate with your coach the referee and team-mates • Play for your own enjoyment and to improve your skills through hard work • Don’t use ugly remarks based on race, religion, gender or ability – you’ll let down your coach, team-mates and family if you do – and many such comments are actually now illegal 16 The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
  • 17. Positive Parents: Making parents an asset Young players bring parents with them so you as a coach must engage with parents to help build a positive team culture. A good working relationship between coaches and parents can be a great tool in developing young players. Parent meeting- a meeting with the parents at the start of the season can be a great way of developing a positive environment and setting down the standards that you will be applying for the coming season. At this meeting you should discuss; • Coaching Philosophy – discuss your philosophy as a coach which may include respect, effort, learning and set your rules on game time, missing training, travel etc. • Aims and goals – set down aims and goals for the season including player and team development • Logistics – training and game information, team contact list and what equipment the players will need • Parent code of conduct/Parent pledge – clear rules regards match days and the behaviour expected to best support their child Parent Volunteers – Parents can be a fantastic support for your g our game Supported by: positive coaching scotla team and your club and you should encourage them to take on d sport” by teaching them me and by setting a good footBall parents nd duties which may include kit washing, refreshments or other club away with it, roles. It is good to discuss support needed with parents as many he best you can in the st to win, because you want parents will have specific skills that will be able to support your club. ey have given up their time to be fair, they are not his does not however give Involving parents will also help develop a family friendly environment tions or lack of effort. learn to work together by and a positive experience for all. her on and off the pitch. hers, live up to what you PCS Touchline champions – Appoint PCS touchline champions on land.com ivecoachingscotland. match days to help honour the game. A PCS touchline champion’s helping you become a com pcs of honouring our game positive footballing parent role is to promote the honour our game message of respect and Supported by: onouring our game and orting parent! positive coaching scotla honour our game! footBall parents nd earn to be a “good sport” by teaching them by setting a good to communicate with all parents to support the coach and the he rules to win. s, even if you get away ame. with it, players in a positive way. PCS Touchline champions will uphold the messages of respect for the rules, officials, opponents, Scottish Charity Number SC036451. onents by doing the best developed from the original you can in the programme created by Positive Coaching Alliance. ay. try your hardest to win, because you want be. ls at all times. they have in sport. they try to be make mistakes. this does given up their time fair, they are not teammates and self and will work with parents to let the players play, coaches coach, referees make decisions. not however give o abuse them. down by your actions or lack of effort. up should be fun. learn to work together by pporting each other on and off the pitch. own! and actions of others, nour our game. live up to what you PCS Parent leaflet – Coaches and PCS touchline champions oachingscotland.com mail: info@positivecoachin can use the PCS parent leaflets to reinforce the standards of helping you become a behaviour you set and the use of the leaflets is a way of reminding gscotland.com land.org.uk/pcs and.org.uk positive footballing parent spectators that they are role models and play a key role in the .co.uk ng funder honour our game! any Limited by Guarantee. development of their child. Scottish Charity Number tion 2008 SC036451. developed from the original programme created by Positive Coaching Alliance. 17
  • 18. Match Day Protocol On match days the home team should follow the guidelines below to ensure that we create the best possible environment for our young players to play in. • Early arrival at venue • Set up pitch – safety check, erect goals, set out spectator area on one side of pitch 1 metre back from touchline. (Please refer to www. scottishfa.co.uk for Play it Safe leaflet) • Meet and greet own players • Meet and greet away team. Club official to show opposition to team dressing room • Meet and greet referee and introduce to home and away team. Carry out a safety check and remind players of the standard of behaviour required • Pre match preparations – warm up, game information, goal setting • Champions league handshakes- home team, away team, coaches and referees • PCS Touchline Champion to support the positive ethos of the game by distributing Positive Coaching parent leaflets and supervising positive touchline behaviour • End of game handshakes to congratulate referee, opposition and all others involved • Post-match – cool down, review effort goals, effort and fair play. Use teachable moments to reinforce high standards of behaviour • Information to team regards training, next game • A first aider must be in attendance at all club events and all injuries should be recorded with a note of action taken in relation to each one. Never play injured players 18 The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
  • 19. 11-a-side Football Match Guidelines 11-a-side (age groups thirteen to twenty-one years) All matches to be played in accordance with the Playing Rules of the Scottish Youth FA and the Laws of the Game. Normal laws of game apply (Laws of Game document) • Size 4 ball at 13 level, size 5 ball thereafter Laws o 1 2010/201 www.FI f the Ga FA.com Game 2010/2 me of the 011 • 2 x 35 minute games at 13 and 14 Laws • 2 X 40 min games at 15 and 16 • 2 X 45 min games at 17 and above www.scottishfa.co.uk/ football_document_libraries. • Rolling subs. 5 from 5 up to and cfm?page=719 including age 17. 19’s and 21’s 5 from 5 19
  • 20. Practical content C 11’s – Defenders DRILL - Set Up: D Passing rotation with 2 balls working. Balls start in opposite corners. Players follow pass in rotation. Instructions: Starting players roll the ball out from their feet to start rotation. This triggers movement from the next player. Players pass round the rotation and follow pass. Part 1 – Pass from full back to striker. Pass from full back to wide player. Pass from full back to centre mid. Part 2 Progression – Add players to allow centre back involvement – Play into centre half and then forward to striker. Coaching Points: • Movement to receive pass • Open up body • Good first touch • Quality of pass GAME-RELATED PRACTICE - Set Up: Pitch set up with 3 zones. Two balls working at the same time. Back 4 set up with 2 strikers. Floating midfielders are involved with both teams. Instructions: Goalkeeper in each goal start with a ball and throw to same side full back (left). Full backs open up body and play pass into striker. Floating midfielders can go and support to end with a finish from strikers or midfield. Play can start using any of the back 4 but must be the same on both sides. Progression - Goalkeeper can through ball to any player in the back 4. Ball can also be played into midfield with defender supporting. Always finish with a shot at goals. Coaching Points: • Movement to receive the ball from goalkeeper • Awareness and body position • Good first touch • Quality of pass • Decision making • Supporting play 20 The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
  • 21. CONDITIONED GAME - Set Up: Pitch set up with 3 zones. One ball in play. Back 4 set up with 2 strikers. Floating midfielders play with team in possession. Instructions: Goalkeeper starts with ball and plays to one of the back four. Opposing strikers can apply pressure. Ball must be played up to striker with one floating midfielder supporting. Two opposing full backs go off the side of the pitch when defending to allow overload for a finish. When play stops defenders come back on pitch and start attack through goalkeeper. Players must defend goal side Progression – play through midfield with defender supporting to play pass into striker. Finally remove the zones to allow free play. Coaching Points: • Movement to receive the ball from goalkeeper • Awareness and body position • Good first touch • Quality of pass • Decision making • Supporting play 11’s – Midfield DRILL - Set Up: Set up as defenders, midfielders and forwards Two groups of players working at same time. Instructions: Defender 1 plays pass to midfield 2 who has “come short” to receive. Pass is then played to midfield player 3 who has made blindside run, player 3 receives and passes out to forward player 4. Players follow their pass other than player 4 who dribbles across to opposite group. Two balls going at same time. Progression 1 – Sequence now player 1 to 3 to 2 to 4. Progression 2 – Two defenders at 1 inter-pass prior to playing angled pass into midfield. Coaching Points: • Weight, angle and timing of passes • Timing and angle of runs to receive • Decisions 21
  • 22. GAME-RELATED PRACTICE - Set Up: 3v1 in the end zones with 4v4 in middle area. Instructions: Defenders look to build by playing ball into midfield players – the other midfield defend. Attacking midfield, look to create, with the objective being to complete a successful pass into the target player. Play commences this time from opposite defenders building and looking to play through midfield into forwards. Progression 1 - when pass is played into the forward a further pass must be completed to a supporting midfield player who has supported into the final 3rd. Progression 2 - passes can be played from defenders into forwards (after set up by midfield then direct for midfield to support). Coaching Points: • Angle and timing of support • Decisions - when to retain possession and when to penetrate CONDITIONED GAME - Set Up: Three-Zone Conditioned Game 2 - 4 - 1 system with GK’s Instructions: Play commences with GK and 2 defenders building from the back. Play must initially go though the midfield who looks to play off the forward in the final 3rd and support. Only 2 midfield players can support and create a 3 v 2 in the end zone. Midfield players are numbered 1 to 4 and respond to coach commands e.g. player 1 and 3 shape towards the ball whilst 2 and 4 seek to get in behind opposing midfield. Progression 1 - midfield players can drive into final 3rd. Progression 2 - play can be from back to front with midfield support. Eventually lift the conditions and play normal game. Coaching Points: • Timing and angle of support • Decision making - when to retain possession and when to penetrate 22 The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
  • 23. 11’s – STRIKERS DRILL - Set Up: Balls start at each corner and players move up a station anti clockwise. Different movements can be done as follows: 1 Ball is passed to 2nd striker and laid back to 1st striker who passes to top player. They then pass to opposite starting group. Players progress up a station. 2 As above although 1-2 is played with 1st striker before playing up to 2nd striker. 2nd striker spins and receives 1-2 around defender (mannequin/pole or cone). 3 As above. First striker then makes across face run. 4 Across face run as per no 3 but use 1st striker as a decoy run and 2nd striker spins with ball. 5- 1st striker spins inside to receive ball from 2nd striker. Coaching Points: • Movement of strikers • Awareness of offside, timing of runs • Weight of pass, safe side pass GAME-RELATED PRACTICE - Set Up: Instructions: Ball starts in central midfield and is played out to wide midfield and back into central. On central midfielders 1st touch, forward nearest striker comes short. Previous striker movement can then be applied: A – 1-2 with 2nd striker spinning off defender. B – Across face run etc Rotation: rotation is the players moving from position 1 to 2 to 3 on the same side. The strikers remain for a period of 5 minutes and then can change. Progression - Remove mannequins/poles to introduce 1 defender then 2 defenders Coaching Points: • Awareness • First touch, • Awareness of offside • Body shape to receive ball, timing of runs • Angle and weight of passes • Decision making, anticipation 23
  • 24. CONDITIONED GAME - Set Up: Pitch 60 x 40 yds. 14-16 Players, 2v2 in midfield zone, each end zone has GK and 3 defenders against 2 attackers. Instructions: GK passes to either defender (opposition strikers are passive until first touch). Ball is played into each zone with 1 player allowed to support into each zone to create an overload. Midfield can’t track back into defensive zone initially. As the ball is moving across the pitch the strikers are moving in relation to the ball. Previous movements encouraged. Progressions: (a)Defender can pass straight to striker. (b) Attackers can come deeper into midfield zone to create space for balls in behind. (c) 3v3 in midfield. (d) Remove conditions and play game. Coaching Points: • 1st touch • Awareness of offside • Body shape to receive ball, timing of runs • Angle and weight of passes • Decision making, anticipation 24 The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
  • 25. Coaches & Refereeing • Players, coaches, and referees are all part of the game • Understanding each other’s roles is important to the future of the game and building better relationships • Every participant in football must recognise they have a contribution to make • Referees can contribute to your knowledge and understanding of the Laws of the Game • The conduct of coaches impacts on the behaviour of the players/ spectators/parents and the temperature of the match • You are a role model for the players • The focus should be on coaching your players • Law 5 enables the referee to apply the Laws of the Game • You must accept the decisions of the referee during the course of the game • Laws of the Game Awareness Courses are available at your local referee association • Let’s all “focus on football”. For information on becoming a referee click on the link below www.scottishfa.co.uk/refereecareers 25
  • 26. SECRETARIES OF REFEREES’ ASSOCIATIONS You may wish to contact one of the following Association Secretaries: Aberdeen and District (Incorporating Lanarkshire Orkney and Shetland) Jim McCunnie, 23 The Fairways, Neil Palmer, 41 Clashfarquhar Crescent, Bothwell, G71 8PB. Portlethen, Aberdeen, AB12 4TN. Telephone: 01698 854091 (h) Telephone: 01224 782119 (h) e-mail: jmccunnie@bissettprinters.co.uk e-mail: neil.palmer@cnrinternational.com www.sfar-lanarkshire.org.uk www.aberdeenanddistrictreferees.co.uk Moray and Banff Angus and Perthshire Douglas Ross, 2 Upper Spynie Steading, Brian Connelly, 77 Strachan Avenue, Calcots, By Elgin, IV30 5PG. Broughty Ferry, Dundee, DD5 1RF. Telephone: 01343 550048 (h) Telephone: 01382 736271 (h) e-mail: e-mail: bconnelly@blueyonder.co.uk Douglas.ross@scottish.parliament.uk www.aprefs.co.uk www.mbreferees.co.uk Ayrshire North of Scotland Tom Loy, 16 Gordon Street, Catrine, Eric Robertson, “Rogie”, 1a Wellside Road, Mauchline, KA5 6PQ. Balloch, Inverness, IV2 7GS. Telephone: 01290 551697 (h) Telephone: 01463 798488 (h) e-mail: tomloy@ayrshirerefs.fsnet.co.uk e-mail: er.robertson@btinternet.com www.nosref.org.uk Edinburgh and District Graeme Leslie, 68 Baird’s Way, Renfrewshire Bonnyrigg, EH19 3NT. Stephen Martin, 4 Gallacher Avenue, Telephone: 0131 660 4079 (h) Paisley, PA2 9HE. e-mail: g.leslie@mccurrach.co.uk Telephone: 01505 810238 (h) www.edinburghrefs.com e-mail: stephen.martin@sppowersystems.co.uk Fife David McGeachie, 9 Scotstarvit View, South of Scotland Cupar, KY15 5DX. Rod Williamson, “Carronvale”, 9 Minden Telephone: 07743 113076 (m) Drive, Dumfries, DG1 4DZ. e-mail: mcgeachie.david@gmail.com Telephone: 01387 251876 (h) www.fifereferees.co.uk e-mail: rsw@carsontrotter.co.uk Glasgow Stirlingshire Gerry Durning, 30 Kilmore Crescent, Wes Boulstridge, “Dunottar”, 3 Paris Glasgow, G15 8AP. Avenue, Denny, FK6 5AB. Telephone: 0141 944 6362 (h) Telephone: 01324 823190 (h) e-mail: durning1@sky.com e-mail: www. glasgowreferees.co.uk wes.boulstridge@centralscotlandfire.gov.uk www.sfar-stirlingshire.co.uk 26 The NATIONAL Player Pathway: 11v11s Ages 13-16.
  • 27. Contacts Scottish Youth FA Scottish FA Regions Scottish Youth FA (SYFA) ScottishFA North Region Chief Executive David Little Regional Manager Graeme Sutherland Hampden Park, Glasgow G42 9BF Office Details: 0141 620 4590 Elgin Community Centre, Elgin e-mail: syfa@scottish-football.com e-mail: north@scottishfa.co.uk www.scottishyouthfa.co.uk Telephone: 01343 540101 SYFA Central Region ScottishFA West Region Secretary Jim Dolan Regional Manager Paul McNeill Telephone: 01698 400920 (h) Office Details: KGV Centre, Renfrew 07887 774082 (m) e-mail: westregion@scottishfa.co.uk e-mail: jd009a2705@blueyonder.co.uk Telephone: 0141 886 7366 SYFA East Region ScottishFA South West Region Secretary Hugh McGregor Regional Manager John Brown Telephone: 01383 734002 (h) Office Details: 07971 296579 (m) Magnum Leisure Centre, Irvine e-mail: h5503@hotmail.co.uk e-mail: southwest@scottishfa.co.uk Telephone: 01294 317430 SYFA North Region Secretary Neil Paterson ScottishFA East Region Telephone: 01224 897897 (h) Regional Manager Ian Lowe 07792 768657 (m) Office Details: e-mail: secretary@northernsyfa.co.uk Lynch Sports Centre, Dundee e-mail: east@scottishfa.co.uk SYFA South East Region Telephone: 01382 431829 Secretary Allan Archibald Telephone: 0131 334 0135 ScottishFA Central Region e-mail: allanarchibald@blueyonder.co.uk Regional Manager Andrew Gilchrist Office Details: University of Stirling SYFA South West Region e-mail: central@scottishfa.co.uk Secretary Lynn McBride Telephone: 01786 467165 Telephone: 01292 479768 e-mail: lynnmcbride.pwk@btinternet.com ScottishFA South East Region Regional Manager David Drummond SYFA West Region Office Details: Secretary Jim Smith University of Edinburgh, Telephone: 0141 764 3663 (h) McArthur Pavilion, Peffermill Road 07891 373222 (m) e-mail: southeast@scottishfa.co.uk e-mail: syfawest@onetel.com Telephone: 0131 667 8245 27
  • 28. R COMMUNITY PARTNER Is YOUR club interested in... • Becoming more successful on and off the park? • Raising its profile at local and national level? • Resources to increase Coach Education and First Aid? • Visits by Scottish FA coaches and staff to develop your young players and volunteers? If the answer to any of the above questions is ‘YES’ then join the growing number of clubs who are committed to partnership working with the Scottish FA and are now reaping the rewards of the SCOTTISH FA QUALITY MARK AWARD, supported by McDonald’s For further information please contact your Regional Manager. See previous page for details. Or visit our website. www.scottishfa.co.uk
  • 29. now Check out the new e downloadable coaching lin resource from the Scottish FA... on FOR EVERY COACH • FOR EVERY PLAYER A NEW resource for all football coaches. Activities that will enable you to guide all players, irrespective of age or ability, with quality sessions at the click of a mouse. Go to our website and select the appropriate stage to find relevant material for your age range. www.scottishfa.co.uk/developingtalent THE SCOTTISH FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION
  • 30. Developed from the original programme created by Positive Coaching Alliance. Positive Coaching Scotland CREATING A POSITIVE YOUTH FOOTBALL CULTURE BETTER PLAYERS BETTER PEOPLE www.scottishfa.co.uk/positivecoaching @ScottishFA_PCS
  • 31. PROUD TO SUPPORT THE PROUD TO SUPPORT NATIONAL PLAYER PATHWAY THE PLAYER PATHWAY McDonald’s is proud to support The Scottish FA Player Pathway and play our part in helping Scotland’s young players reach their full potential. By 2014 we will have trained 10,000 new coaches vital to the delivery of this exciting new programme. Through our support of over 600 local Quality Mark Clubs we are committed to providing a better football experience for all. Just some of the good stuff that helps to make the game happen. Find out more at McDonalds.co.uk/football McDONALD’S. MORE FOOTBALL FOR ALL. COMMUNITY PARTNER COMMUNITY PARTNER © 2011 McDonald’s.
  • 32. COMMUNITY PARTNER COMMUNITY PARTNER NATIONAL The Scottish FA Hampden Park Glasgow G42 9AY T: 0141 616 6000 • F: 0141 616 6001 www.scottishfa.co.uk