2. Describe the first systems of law enforcement in
colonial America.
3. The Early American Police Experience
◦ Mirrored the English system
The First Police Department
◦ Watch system
4. Tell how the patronage system affected policing.
5. Form of corruption in which the political party in
power hires and promotes police officers,
receiving job-related favors in return.
6.
7. Professionalism
Administrative Reforms
Technology
Turmoil in the 1960s
The Challenges of Anti-Terrorism
8. List the four basic responsibilities of the police.
9. Enforce laws
Provide services
Prevent crime
Preserve the peace
10. List five main types of law enforcement agencies.
11. Local police departments
Sheriffs’ departments
Special police agencies
State police
Federal law enforcement
12. There are over 17,500 ◦ Roughly 3,067 sheriff’s
departments
law enforcement ◦ About 1,481 special police
agencies in the United agencies, limited to policing
States, employing more parks, schools, airports, and
other locales
than 1 million people.
◦ 49 state police departments
(Hawaii being the exception)
◦ 70 federal law enforcement
agencies
◦ 12,766 local police
departments
13. Municipal Law Enforcement Agencies:
◦ Most police officers work in small and medium-sized police
departments
◦ While New York City has the largest police department
(with about 34,000 employees), roughly 55 percent of all
local police department have 10 or fewer officers
◦ Municipal police agencies have the broadest authority to
apprehend criminal suspects, maintain order, and provide
services to the community
14. Sheriffs and County Law Enforcement:
◦ Every county in the United States (except those in
Alaska) has a sheriff
◦ The sheriff is an elected position, and is therefore in
many ways also a politician
15. The Sheriff’s Department is responsible for:
◦ Investigating violent crime
◦ Investigating drug offenses
◦ Maintaining the county jail
◦ Serving evictions and court summonses
◦ Keeping order in the courthouse
◦ Collecting taxes
◦ Enforcing orders of the court, such as sequestration
of a jury
16. State Police and Highway Patrols:
◦ The most visible state law enforcement agency is the
state police or highway patrol agency
◦ Historically, state police agencies were created to:
Assist local police agencies
Investigate criminal activities that crossed jurisdictional
boundaries
Provide law enforcement in rural and other areas that did not
have local or county police agencies
Break strikes and control labor movements
17. Federal law enforcement agencies:
◦ Small percentage of the nation’s law enforcement
force in numbers, but have a substantial influence
◦ Authorized to enforce specific laws or attend to
specific situations
◦ The most far-reaching reorganization of the
federal government since World War II took place
in 2002 and 2003, with the creation of the
Department of Homeland Security
18. Indicate some of the most important law
enforcement agencies under the control of the
Department of Homeland Security.
19. The Department of Homeland Security:
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (BCP)
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
(ICE)
The U.S. Secret Service
20. The Department of Justice:
The Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
The Drug Enforcement Administration
The U.S. Marshals Service
The Department of the Treasury
22. FBI duties:
◦ Has jurisdiction over nearly 200 federal crimes
◦ Provides support to local and state law enforcement
agencies
◦ Maintains a database of fingerprint information and offers
assistance in finding missing persons and identifying the
victims of disasters
◦ National Crime Information Center is accessible to state
and local law enforcement
23.
24. Analyze the importance of private security today.
25. Over $100 billion The function of
spent each year private security is to
Over 10,000 U.S. deter crime rather
private security firms than stop it
1.1 million people Security officers only
employed in security report crimes, and in
each year some cases, make
citizens’ arrests.
26. Privatizing Law Enforcement
◦ Citizens’ Arrests
◦ The Deterrence Factor
Private Security Trends
◦ Lack of Standards
◦ Continued Growth in the Industry
