This files includes the introduction to Fenton and advancement in Electro fenton treatment for waste water.

1. Presented by
Kathiresan Nadar
Mchem. Engg.
Under the guidance of
Dr. Parag. R. Gogate
Assistant prof.
ICT Mumbai.

2. Introduction
 Waste water generation.
 Impurities in waste water.
 Causes of impurities.
 Traditional method of water treatment.
 Importance of hydroxyl radical.

3. Fenton Processes

4. Advantage
 No energy input is necessary to activate hydrogen




peroxide
Fenton's reagent is relatively inexpensive and the
process is easy to operate and maintain
Short reaction time among all advanced oxidation
processes
There is no mass transfer limitation due to its
homogeneous catalytic nature
There is no form of energy involved as catalyst

5. Disadvantage
 Ferrous ions are consumed more rapidly than they are




regenerated
Treatment of the sludge-containing Fe ions at the end of
the wastewater treatment is expensive and needs large
amount of chemicals and manpower
It is limited by a narrow pH range (pH 2–3)
Iron ions may be deactivated due to complexion with some
iron complexing reagents such as phosphate anions and
intermediate oxidation products
Additional water pollution caused by the homogeneous
catalyst that added as an iron salt, cannot be retained in
the process

6. Fenton Chemistry
 H2O2
+
Fe2+
Fe3+ +
 Fe3+
+
H2O2
Fe2+
+
HO2 •
 Fe3+
+
HO2•
Fe2+
+
O2
 H2O2
+ OH•
H2O
+
HO2•
 Fe2+
+
•OH
Fe3+
+
OH-
HO2•
H2O2
 HO2•
+
 Fe2+ + H2O2
[Fe(OH)2]2+
OH-
+
OH•
+
+
+
H+
H+
O2
Fe3+ + OH• + OH-

7. Electrolytic processes for waste
water treatment
 Electro coagulation
This technique involve the addition of coagulant in the form of sacrificial anode
 Electroflotation
electrically generated tiny bubbles of hydrogen and oxygen gas interact with pollutant
particles making them to coagulate and float on the surface of water
 Electrocoagulation flotation
This method as the name indicate includes both Coagulation and Flotation techniques
 Electro Fenton

8. Electro Fenton
 EF technology is based on the continuous electro generation of H2O2 at a suitable cathode
fed with O2 or air, along with the addition of an iron catalyst to the treated solution to
produce oxidant •OH at the bulk via Fenton’s reaction
Advantage
1.
The on-site production of H2O2
2.
controlling degradation kinetics to allow mechanistic studies
3.
The higher degradation rate of organic pollutants because of the continuous
regeneration of Fe2+ at the cathode, which also minimizes sludge production
4.
The feasibility of overall mineralization at relatively low cost

9. Classification of electro Fenton
EAOPs
H2O2 onsite produced at cathode
Electrochemical
Fenton Processes
Photo assisted electro
Fenton processes
Photo electron
Fenton
Solar photo electron
Fenton
Photo peroxy
coagulation
Photo
electrochemical
electro Fenton
Sonoelectro Fenton
Cathodic generation of
Fe2+
Combined
Fenton Processes
Electro chemical
peroxide processes
Photo assisted
fered fenton
Fered Fenton
Processes
Combined Electro Fenton Processes
Per oxide coagulation
H2O2 is added to the
solution from the outside
Photo assisted
ECP processes
Anodic Fenton
treatment
Plasma assisted
fenton Processes
Anodic H2O2
electrogeneration

10. Electrolytic Fenton chemistry
 O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e-
H2 O 2
 O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e-
2H2O
 H 2O 2
HO2• + H+ + e-
 HO2•
O2(g) + H+ + e-
 H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e 2H2O2
2H2O
O2(g) + 2H2O
Production of
hydrogen
peroxide
Destruction of
hydrogen
peroxide at
anode
Destruction of
hydrogen
peroxide at
cathode

11. Production of Hydrogen peroxide
O2(g)
+
H2O
+2e-
O2(g)+
+
2 H2O
+ 4e-
HO2 -
4OH-
+
OH-

12. Divided cell and undivided cell Configuration for H2O2 Production
 Divided cell
 Undivided cell

13. Advance Electro Fenton processes

14. H2O2 generation using water (Novel Electro Fenton
processes)
Songhu Yuan et al (2011)
O2(g) + 4H+ +
2H2O
2H2O + 2e-
H2(g)
H2(g)
H2O2
+ O2(g)
4e+
2OH-

15. Factor affecting the production of H2O2
pH of the solution
accumulated H2O2 maximum
concentration was 21.6 mg/L for a
pH of 2 but as the pH increased to
3 its concentration falls to 5 mg/L
Current in compartment 1
•Increasing the current decreasing
the current efficiency though we
are increasing the production
H2O2. He attributed that solubility
of formed hydrogen and oxygen is
much less
•novel process possesses a
moderate ability to accumulate
H2O2

16. Microbial fuel cell as a power source for electro Fenton
reaction
•Electro Fenton processes for waste water
treatment Bruce E Logan et al. used a
Microbial fuel cell design (MFCs) for the
degradation of phenol
•Microbial fuel cells are bio
electrochemical systems that use bacteria
to oxidize organic wastes and generate
electricity
•The power output of MFCs has increased
from only a few mill watts per square
meter of electrode to 4.3 W/m2. These
higher power densities could therefore
make it practical to use MFCs as power
sources for electro-Fenton systems

17. Combined electro Fenton processes technologies.
 Peroxi-Coagulation (PC) Process
involve the sacrificial anode as the ferrous anode and gas diffusing cathode
production of H2O2
Photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) and Solar Photoelectro-Fenton (SPEF)
Processes
The photo electron processes make use of the ultra violate
rays for the
acceleration in removal of organic
pollutants from the solution the attributions
Fe(OH)]2+
+ hV
Fe2+
+
Fe(OOCR)2+ + hV
Fe2+
+
•OH
CO2+ +
R•

18.  Sonoelectro-Fenton (SEF) Process
 This technique make use of application of ultrasound in waste water solution
H2O
+
)))
•OH
+
H•
Fered-Fenton Process
Fered Fenton processes involve the addition of H2O-2 from the outside
initially iron catalyst in the form of ferrous or ferric is added to the acidic
solution followed by the addition of hydrogen peroxide

19. Reactors for Electro Fenton processes

20. Trickle bed reactor
•Zhemin Shen et al (2013)
•cathode frame which involve the housing of Cathodic
particle which helps in the production of hydrogen peroxide
•H2O2 was generated at a current of 0.3 A with a CE of 60%.
After 2 h of electrolysis, the H2O2 concentration and
production rate were 9.43 mmolL−1 and 125 µmolh−1cm−2
•The more effective oxygen transfer from the gas phase to
the electrolyte–cathode interface
•Dye wastewater with a concentration of 123 mgL−1 was 97%
decolorized within 20 min and 87% mineralized within 3h

21. Bubble Reactor
M.A. Sanroman et al. (2009)
Lissamine Green B as a model pollutant for graphite cathode
This Bubble column reactor follows an ideal CSTR behaviour
and it is confirmed by the Residence time distribution (RTD)
studies

22. Fluidised Bed
 Lu et al. (2010) had used a fluidized bed Fenton and electro
Fenton processes for the degradation of Aniline as a model
pollutant
 The removal ratio of TOC in the electro-Fenton and
fluidized-bed Fenton processes after reacting for 60 min
was about 20–30% and 18–35%, respectively
 The results show that mineralization efficiency in the
fluidized bed Fenton process was higher than that of the
electro-Fenton process
 Electro Fenton is slightly superior to the Fenton processes
since in Electro Fenton complete mineralisation of aniline
occur

23. Parameters for operation

24.  Parameters are evaluated for the study of degradation
of phenol by Mao et al. and removal of reactive 69 by
Nader et al.
 pH of the solution
 Electric current effect

25.  Type of electrode material
 Amount of ferrous ion

26.  Concentration of hydrogen peroxide
Impurities removal enhances with the increase in hydrogen peroxide
concentration but it efficiency reduces since destruction of hydrogen peroxide
will be enhanced.
 Initial concentration of the pollutant
 Operating temperature
 increasing temperature the rate constant increases this is
optimum to temperature up to 40◦C with further increase in
temperature hydrogen peroxide degrades to hydrogen and
oxygen

27. Conclusion
 Though various pollutant degradation methods are
available electro Fenton processes has the indeed
advantage of using at ambient temperature and
pressure. The strict Ph control and initial
concentration of ferrous, H2O2 and pollutant
concentration needs to be maintained for the
optimum operation of processes.

28. References

Enric Brillas, Ignasi Sire’s, and Mehmet A.Oturan Electro-Fenton Process and Related Electrochemical Technologies Based
on Fenton’s Reaction; Chemistry Chem. Rev 109: France, 2009,; PP 6570–6631.

Xiuping Zhu, Bruce E. Logan, Using single-chamber microbial fuel cells as renewable power sources of electro-Fenton
reactors for organic pollutant treatment; Journal of Hazardous Materials 252– 253: United States, 2013; PP 198– 203.

Parag R.Gogate, Aniruddha B.Pandit, A review of imperative technologies for wastewater treatment I: oxidation
technologies at ambient conditions; Advances in Environmental Research 8: Mumbai, India, 2004; PP 501-551.

E. Rosales, M. Pazos, M.A. Longo, M.A. Sanromán, Electro-Fenton decoloration of dyes in a continuous reactor: A
promising technology in colored wastewater treatment; Chemical Engineering Journal 155: Spain, 2009; PP62-67.

Li Jiang, Xuhui Mao, Degradation of Phenol-containing Wastewater Using an Improved Electro-Fenton Process; Int. J.
Electrochem. Sci., 7: China, 2012; PP 4078 – 4088.

Nader Djafarzadeh and Alireza Khataee; Treatment of Reactive Blue 69 solution by electro-Fenton process using carbon
nanotubes based cathode; International Conference on Biology, Environment and Chemistry IPCBEE vol.2: Singapore,
2011; PP 479-484.

Yangming Leia, Hong Liu, Zhemin Shenb, Wenhua Wang; Development of a trickle bed reactor of electro-Fenton process
forwastewater treatment; Journal of Hazardous Materials 261: China, 2013; PP 570-576.

Songhu Yuan, Ye Fan, Yucheng Zhang, Man Tong, and Peng Liao; Pd-Catalytic In Situ Generation of H2O2 from H2 and O2
Produced by Water Electrolysis for the Efficient Electro-Fenton Degradation of Rhodamine B; ACS Publication,
Environment science and technology 45: China, 2011; PP 8514–8520.

Jin Anotaia, Chia-Chi Sub, Yi-Chun Tsaib, Ming-Chun Lub, Effect of hydrogen peroxide on aniline oxidation by electroFenton and fluidized-bed Fenton processes; Journal of Hazardous Materials 183; Thiland, 2010; PP 888–893.

29. 
Karla Cruz-González, Omar Torres-Lopez, Azucena M. García-León, Enric Brillas, Aracely Hernández-Ramírez,
Juan M. Peralta-Hernández, Optimization of electro Fenton/BDD process for decolorization of a model azo dye
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
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
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and mineralization of brilliant golden yellow (BGY) by Fenton and photo-Fenton processes; African Journal of Pure
and Applied Chemistry Vol. 6: Bangladesh, 2012; PP 153-158.

Ricky Priambodo, Yu-Jen Shih, Yu-Jen Huang and Yao-Hui Huang, Treatment of real wastewater using semi batch
(Photo)-Electro-Fenton method; Sustain. Environ. Res., 21: Taiwan, 2011; PP 389-393

J.M. Peralta-Hernández, Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle, Jorge L. Guzmán-Mar and A. Hernández-Ramírez, RECENT
ADVANCES IN THE APPLICATION OF ELECTRO-FENTON AND PHOTOELECTRO-FENTON PROCESS FOR
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
P.V. Nidheesh, R. Gandhimathi, Trends in electro-Fenton process for water and wastewater treatment: An overview;
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
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
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
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