SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 18
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
INPUT AND OUTPUT
DEVICES
INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES
• I/O DEVICES ARE HARDWARE ELEMENTS
• CONNECTION BETWEEN THE PHYSICAL HUMAN EFFECTORS (HANDS, VOCAL CORDS)
AND SENSORS (EYES, EARS), AND THE INPUT AND OUTPUT CHANNELS OF COMPUTERS
• ALSO ENABLE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN USERS AND SOFTWARE
• USUALLY THEIR PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOR CAN BE ADAPTED THROUGH SOFTWARE
• TASK DEMANDS AND USER PREFERENCES AFFECT THE CHOICE OF INPUT AND
OUTPUT DEVICES TO USE
• E.G. THE NEED FOR HANDS-FREE OR SILENT OPERATION
• SPECIAL DEVICES OR SETUPS FOR USERS WITH DISABILITIES
CONTROLS
• USUALLY SOFTWARE ELEMENTS SHOWN ON THE DISPLAY
• USED TO SET PREFERENCES AND MAKE CHOICES
• SOME FAMILIAR CONTROLS:
• MENUS
• RADIO BUTTONS,CHECK BUTTONS, TOGGLES, SLIDERS
• SOME HARDWARE CONTROLS:
• CONTRAST, BRIGHTNESS, ETC. ON SCREENS
• VOLUME ON SPEAKERS
• SOME CONTROLS ARE USED FOR BOTH INPUT AND OUTPUT
• SHOW USERS CHOICES OR CURRENT SETTING
• ALLOW USERS TO OPERATE THE CONTROL
• EXAMPLE: PRINTER CONTROL
OVERVIEW INPUT DEVICES
• NEED TO SPECIFY THE OBJECTS AND ACTIONS OF INTERACTION
• WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
• HOW CAN IT BE DONE
• LOGICAL EQUIVALENCE OF INPUT DEVICES
• DIFFERENT DEVICES CAN BE USED FOR THE SAME INPUT TASKS
• EXAMPLES
• MOUSE, TRACKPAD, PEN
• MOUSE, CURSOR KEYS
• KEYBOARD, PEN
• KEYBOARD, MICROPHONE WITH SPEECH RECOGNITION
CATEGORIES OF INPUT DEVICES
• KEYS AND BUTTONS
• KEYBOARDS
• MOST COMMON (QWERTY, DVORAK, CHORD, ALPHABETIC)
• KEYPADS
• ALPHABETIC, NUMERIC, TELEPHONE, CALCULATOR, SPECIAL PURPOSE (REMOTE CONTROLS)
• BUTTONS
• DISCRETE ENTRY DEVICE
• INITIATES THE TRANSFER OF A SIGNAL WHEN PRESSED
• FUNCTION KEYS
• INVOKE SPECIFIC ACTIONS
• CURSOR KEYS
• NAVIGATION ON THE SCREEN
KEYS, BUTTONS, AND SWITCHES
• WHAT ARE IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE FOLLOWING THREE
INPUT DEVICES:
• KEYS
• BUTTONS
• SWITCHES
CATEGORIES OF INPUT DEVICES (CONT.)
• POINTING DEVICES
• PURPOSE
• CONTROL THE MOVEMENT OF THE CURSOR ON THE SCREEN
• MANIPULATION OF OBJECTS ON GUIS
• EXAMPLES
• LIGHT PEN
• MOUSE
• TOUCH SCREEN
• TRACKBALL
• PUCK IN RINK
• PEN AND TABLET (AS USED IN PDAS)
• JOYSTICK
• THUMB WHEEL (USED IN NEW CELL PHONES)
• FOOTMOUSE
• TADPOLE (COMBINATION MOUSE AND JOYSTICK)
CATEGORIES OF INPUT DEVICES (CONT.)
• AUDIO - VOICE/SPEECH
• MICROPHONE
• VISUAL - DIGITAL INPUT DEVICES
• SCANNERS
• DIGITAL CAMERAS AND CHARGED-COUPLED DEVICES (CCDS)
• LIGHT SENSORS
• SCREEN BRIGHTNESS ADJUSTMENT
• NOT TYPICALLY USED FOR USER INTERACTION
QWERTY KEYBOARD
Ch 7
TOUCH SCREENS
• ADVANTAGES
• DIRECT MANIPULATION
• DIRECT EYE-HAND COORDINATION
• SEVERAL TECHNOLOGIES TO CHOOSE FROM
• PRESSURE-SENSITIVE, RESISTIVE, INFRARED, CAPACITIVE
• FASTER AND EASIER TO LEARN THAN OTHER INPUT DEVICES;
• NO COMMAND MEMORIZATION NEEDED
• USER MAY BE LED THROUGH CORRECT COMMAND SEQUENCE
• GOOD FOR INFREQUENT USE
• MINIMAL TRAINING NEEDED, HIGH USER ACCEPTANCE
• CONTINUOUS MOTION IN ALL DIRECTIONS
• NO EXTRA DESK SPACE
• NO MOVING PARTS
• PROBLEMS
• VERY FAST, BUT NOT VERY ACCURATE
• “FAT” FINGERS
• LIMITED RESOLUTION
• DIFFICULT TO SELECT SMALL TARGETS
• VERY SLOW TEXT AND DATA ENTRY
• FINGER/ARM MAY OBSCURE SCREEN
• OVERLAYS MAY LEAD TO PARALLAX
• INADVERTENT ACTIVATION
• SCREEN CAN GET DIRTY (OIL FROM FINGERS)
• SUSCEPTIBLE TO TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
• ARM FATIGUE FOR CONVENTIONAL COMPUTER MONITORS
• SHOULD BE LIMITED TO LOW-FREQUENCY USAGE
OUTPUT DEVICES
• CONVERT INFORMATION COMING FROM A
COMPUTER SYSTEM INTO SOME FORM
PERCEPTIBLE BY HUMANS
• VISUAL
• AUDITORY (NON-SPEECH, SPEECH)
• TACTILE
• TACTILE OUTPUT FOR VISUALLY-IMPAIRED AND
BLIND USERS (E.G., BRAILLE)
14
VISUAL OUTPUT DEVICES
• CHARACTER-BASED DISPLAYS
• LIQUID-CRYSTAL DISPLAYS [LCDS],FLAT-PANEL DISPLAYS [FPDS]
• USED IN STATIONARY DEVICES, IN
TELEPHONES, CALCULATORS, ETC.
• GRAPHICS DISPLAYS
• CRTS, LCDS, AND OTHER FPDS, 3D
• HRES GRAPHIC DISPLAYS USED IN STATIONARY OUTPUT
DEVICES, COCKPITS, OR HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS
• PRINTING DEVICES
• COLOR VS. BLACK AND WHITE; DOT MATRIX, LASER, INKJET
• FAX
• PLOTTERS (COLORED PENS)
• MICROFICHE OR MICROFILM
• REQUIRE SPECIAL EQUIPMENT TO READ
• VIDEOTAPE
15
FUTURE TRENDS
• SMART ROOMS
• CAN IDENTIFY PEOPLE AND INTERPRET THEIR ACTIONS
• HOUSE THAT KNOWS WHERE YOUR KIDS ARE AND TELLS YOU
IF THEY ARE GETTING INTO TROUBLE
• CAN SUPERVISE STUDENTS DURING EXAMS ;-)
• RESEARCH BEING CONDUCTED AT MIT
• PERSON FINDER - PFINDER
• INCORPORATES VIDEO CAMERAS FOR RECOGNIZING
FACES, EXPRESSIONS, GESTURES
• MICROPHONES FOR SPEECH RECOGNITION
• SMART HOME
• PERFORMS ACTIVITIES ACCORDING TO USER’S
PREFERENCES AND USUAL ACTIONS
19
20
CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS
OF I/O DEVICES
ACTIVITY:
INPUT DEVICE CHARACTERISTICS
• SELECT AN INPUT DEVICE AND ANALYZE ITS
CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS BASED ON THE
PREVIOUS CATEGORIES
• DEGREES OF FREEDOM
• INFORMATION TRANSMISSION
• PERSISTENCE
• NAVIGATION
• DO THESE CATEGORIES CAPTURE THE
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
DEVICE?
• IF NOT, SUGGEST ADDITIONAL ONES
21
CHAPTER SUMMARY
• OVERVIEW OF IMPORTANT DEVICES FOR INPUT TO AND
OUTPUT FROM THE COMPUTER
• THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DEVICE DETERMINE ITS
SUITABILITY FOR PARTICULAR METHODS AND TASKS
• THE SELECTION OF I/O DEVICES AND METHODS
INFLUENCES THE USABILITY OF A USER INTERFACE
SUBSTANTIALLY
• RESEARCH IN NOVEL I/O DEVICES AND METHODS TRIES TO
OVERCOME THE LIMITATIONS OF SCREEN AND PAPER AS
MOST IMPORTANT OUTPUT, AND KEYBOARD AND MOUSE
AS INPUT DEVICES
22

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Ähnlich wie Ch 7

Fundamentals of information technology
Fundamentals of information technologyFundamentals of information technology
Fundamentals of information technologySoundaryaB2
 
User_interface_desgin_Modile_4.pdf
User_interface_desgin_Modile_4.pdfUser_interface_desgin_Modile_4.pdf
User_interface_desgin_Modile_4.pdfSuneelShinde4
 
SELECT THE PROPER DEVICE BASED CONTROLS
SELECT THE PROPER DEVICE BASED CONTROLSSELECT THE PROPER DEVICE BASED CONTROLS
SELECT THE PROPER DEVICE BASED CONTROLSDhanya LK
 
computer Fundamental Slides
computer Fundamental Slidescomputer Fundamental Slides
computer Fundamental SlidesMayur Goel
 
Configuring input and output devices
Configuring input and output devicesConfiguring input and output devices
Configuring input and output devicesMajane Padua
 
Computers presentation
Computers presentation Computers presentation
Computers presentation janushka13
 
Chapter 03 io csc&tts
Chapter 03 io csc&ttsChapter 03 io csc&tts
Chapter 03 io csc&ttsHisyam Rosly
 
Basic Parts of a Computer.pptx
Basic Parts of a Computer.pptxBasic Parts of a Computer.pptx
Basic Parts of a Computer.pptxOtenciano
 
Input + output
Input + outputInput + output
Input + outputAmnaskh
 
Input, processing and output (week 2).pptx
Input, processing and output (week 2).pptxInput, processing and output (week 2).pptx
Input, processing and output (week 2).pptxOmosuwa Richard Abiodun
 

Ähnlich wie Ch 7 (20)

Output devices
Output devicesOutput devices
Output devices
 
Fundamentals of information technology
Fundamentals of information technologyFundamentals of information technology
Fundamentals of information technology
 
FINAL-demo.pptx
FINAL-demo.pptxFINAL-demo.pptx
FINAL-demo.pptx
 
ICS3211 lecture 04
ICS3211 lecture 04ICS3211 lecture 04
ICS3211 lecture 04
 
Computer
ComputerComputer
Computer
 
User_interface_desgin_Modile_4.pdf
User_interface_desgin_Modile_4.pdfUser_interface_desgin_Modile_4.pdf
User_interface_desgin_Modile_4.pdf
 
SELECT THE PROPER DEVICE BASED CONTROLS
SELECT THE PROPER DEVICE BASED CONTROLSSELECT THE PROPER DEVICE BASED CONTROLS
SELECT THE PROPER DEVICE BASED CONTROLS
 
computer basics demo.ppt
computer basics demo.pptcomputer basics demo.ppt
computer basics demo.ppt
 
computer Fundamental Slides
computer Fundamental Slidescomputer Fundamental Slides
computer Fundamental Slides
 
Configuring input and output devices
Configuring input and output devicesConfiguring input and output devices
Configuring input and output devices
 
Computers presentation
Computers presentation Computers presentation
Computers presentation
 
Types of computers
Types of computers Types of computers
Types of computers
 
MULTIMEDIA
MULTIMEDIAMULTIMEDIA
MULTIMEDIA
 
Chapter 03 io csc&tts
Chapter 03 io csc&ttsChapter 03 io csc&tts
Chapter 03 io csc&tts
 
Basic Parts of a Computer.pptx
Basic Parts of a Computer.pptxBasic Parts of a Computer.pptx
Basic Parts of a Computer.pptx
 
A input output device
A input output deviceA input output device
A input output device
 
Input + output
Input + outputInput + output
Input + output
 
Input
InputInput
Input
 
Input, processing and output (week 2).pptx
Input, processing and output (week 2).pptxInput, processing and output (week 2).pptx
Input, processing and output (week 2).pptx
 
Dsar ti ke 3
Dsar ti ke 3Dsar ti ke 3
Dsar ti ke 3
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintMahmoud Rabie
 
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystemBird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystemAsko Soukka
 
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?Juan Carlos Gonzalez
 
100+ ChatGPT Prompts for SEO Optimization
100+ ChatGPT Prompts for SEO Optimization100+ ChatGPT Prompts for SEO Optimization
100+ ChatGPT Prompts for SEO Optimizationarrow10202532yuvraj
 
Valere | Digital Solutions & AI Transformation Portfolio | 2024
Valere | Digital Solutions & AI Transformation Portfolio | 2024Valere | Digital Solutions & AI Transformation Portfolio | 2024
Valere | Digital Solutions & AI Transformation Portfolio | 2024Alexander Turgeon
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8DianaGray10
 
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-pyJamie (Taka) Wang
 
99.99% of Your Traces Are (Probably) Trash (SRECon NA 2024).pdf
99.99% of Your Traces  Are (Probably) Trash (SRECon NA 2024).pdf99.99% of Your Traces  Are (Probably) Trash (SRECon NA 2024).pdf
99.99% of Your Traces Are (Probably) Trash (SRECon NA 2024).pdfPaige Cruz
 
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsSeth Reyes
 
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1DianaGray10
 
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdfMachine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdfAijun Zhang
 
UiPath Clipboard AI: "A TIME Magazine Best Invention of 2023 Unveiled"
UiPath Clipboard AI: "A TIME Magazine Best Invention of 2023 Unveiled"UiPath Clipboard AI: "A TIME Magazine Best Invention of 2023 Unveiled"
UiPath Clipboard AI: "A TIME Magazine Best Invention of 2023 Unveiled"DianaGray10
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesMd Hossain Ali
 
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Adtran
 
IEEE Computer Society’s Strategic Activities and Products including SWEBOK Guide
IEEE Computer Society’s Strategic Activities and Products including SWEBOK GuideIEEE Computer Society’s Strategic Activities and Products including SWEBOK Guide
IEEE Computer Society’s Strategic Activities and Products including SWEBOK GuideHironori Washizaki
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Websitedgelyza
 
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxIntroduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxMatsuo Lab
 
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAAnypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAshyamraj55
 
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?IES VE
 
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Commit University
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
 
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystemBird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
 
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?
 
100+ ChatGPT Prompts for SEO Optimization
100+ ChatGPT Prompts for SEO Optimization100+ ChatGPT Prompts for SEO Optimization
100+ ChatGPT Prompts for SEO Optimization
 
Valere | Digital Solutions & AI Transformation Portfolio | 2024
Valere | Digital Solutions & AI Transformation Portfolio | 2024Valere | Digital Solutions & AI Transformation Portfolio | 2024
Valere | Digital Solutions & AI Transformation Portfolio | 2024
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
 
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
 
99.99% of Your Traces Are (Probably) Trash (SRECon NA 2024).pdf
99.99% of Your Traces  Are (Probably) Trash (SRECon NA 2024).pdf99.99% of Your Traces  Are (Probably) Trash (SRECon NA 2024).pdf
99.99% of Your Traces Are (Probably) Trash (SRECon NA 2024).pdf
 
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
 
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
 
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdfMachine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
 
UiPath Clipboard AI: "A TIME Magazine Best Invention of 2023 Unveiled"
UiPath Clipboard AI: "A TIME Magazine Best Invention of 2023 Unveiled"UiPath Clipboard AI: "A TIME Magazine Best Invention of 2023 Unveiled"
UiPath Clipboard AI: "A TIME Magazine Best Invention of 2023 Unveiled"
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
 
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
 
IEEE Computer Society’s Strategic Activities and Products including SWEBOK Guide
IEEE Computer Society’s Strategic Activities and Products including SWEBOK GuideIEEE Computer Society’s Strategic Activities and Products including SWEBOK Guide
IEEE Computer Society’s Strategic Activities and Products including SWEBOK Guide
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
 
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxIntroduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
 
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAAnypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
 
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?
 
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
 

Ch 7

  • 2. INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES • I/O DEVICES ARE HARDWARE ELEMENTS • CONNECTION BETWEEN THE PHYSICAL HUMAN EFFECTORS (HANDS, VOCAL CORDS) AND SENSORS (EYES, EARS), AND THE INPUT AND OUTPUT CHANNELS OF COMPUTERS • ALSO ENABLE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN USERS AND SOFTWARE • USUALLY THEIR PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOR CAN BE ADAPTED THROUGH SOFTWARE • TASK DEMANDS AND USER PREFERENCES AFFECT THE CHOICE OF INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES TO USE • E.G. THE NEED FOR HANDS-FREE OR SILENT OPERATION • SPECIAL DEVICES OR SETUPS FOR USERS WITH DISABILITIES
  • 3. CONTROLS • USUALLY SOFTWARE ELEMENTS SHOWN ON THE DISPLAY • USED TO SET PREFERENCES AND MAKE CHOICES • SOME FAMILIAR CONTROLS: • MENUS • RADIO BUTTONS,CHECK BUTTONS, TOGGLES, SLIDERS • SOME HARDWARE CONTROLS: • CONTRAST, BRIGHTNESS, ETC. ON SCREENS • VOLUME ON SPEAKERS • SOME CONTROLS ARE USED FOR BOTH INPUT AND OUTPUT • SHOW USERS CHOICES OR CURRENT SETTING • ALLOW USERS TO OPERATE THE CONTROL • EXAMPLE: PRINTER CONTROL
  • 4. OVERVIEW INPUT DEVICES • NEED TO SPECIFY THE OBJECTS AND ACTIONS OF INTERACTION • WHAT SHOULD BE DONE • HOW CAN IT BE DONE • LOGICAL EQUIVALENCE OF INPUT DEVICES • DIFFERENT DEVICES CAN BE USED FOR THE SAME INPUT TASKS • EXAMPLES • MOUSE, TRACKPAD, PEN • MOUSE, CURSOR KEYS • KEYBOARD, PEN • KEYBOARD, MICROPHONE WITH SPEECH RECOGNITION
  • 5. CATEGORIES OF INPUT DEVICES • KEYS AND BUTTONS • KEYBOARDS • MOST COMMON (QWERTY, DVORAK, CHORD, ALPHABETIC) • KEYPADS • ALPHABETIC, NUMERIC, TELEPHONE, CALCULATOR, SPECIAL PURPOSE (REMOTE CONTROLS) • BUTTONS • DISCRETE ENTRY DEVICE • INITIATES THE TRANSFER OF A SIGNAL WHEN PRESSED • FUNCTION KEYS • INVOKE SPECIFIC ACTIONS • CURSOR KEYS • NAVIGATION ON THE SCREEN
  • 6. KEYS, BUTTONS, AND SWITCHES • WHAT ARE IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE FOLLOWING THREE INPUT DEVICES: • KEYS • BUTTONS • SWITCHES
  • 7. CATEGORIES OF INPUT DEVICES (CONT.) • POINTING DEVICES • PURPOSE • CONTROL THE MOVEMENT OF THE CURSOR ON THE SCREEN • MANIPULATION OF OBJECTS ON GUIS • EXAMPLES • LIGHT PEN • MOUSE • TOUCH SCREEN • TRACKBALL • PUCK IN RINK • PEN AND TABLET (AS USED IN PDAS) • JOYSTICK • THUMB WHEEL (USED IN NEW CELL PHONES) • FOOTMOUSE • TADPOLE (COMBINATION MOUSE AND JOYSTICK)
  • 8. CATEGORIES OF INPUT DEVICES (CONT.) • AUDIO - VOICE/SPEECH • MICROPHONE • VISUAL - DIGITAL INPUT DEVICES • SCANNERS • DIGITAL CAMERAS AND CHARGED-COUPLED DEVICES (CCDS) • LIGHT SENSORS • SCREEN BRIGHTNESS ADJUSTMENT • NOT TYPICALLY USED FOR USER INTERACTION
  • 11. TOUCH SCREENS • ADVANTAGES • DIRECT MANIPULATION • DIRECT EYE-HAND COORDINATION • SEVERAL TECHNOLOGIES TO CHOOSE FROM • PRESSURE-SENSITIVE, RESISTIVE, INFRARED, CAPACITIVE • FASTER AND EASIER TO LEARN THAN OTHER INPUT DEVICES; • NO COMMAND MEMORIZATION NEEDED • USER MAY BE LED THROUGH CORRECT COMMAND SEQUENCE • GOOD FOR INFREQUENT USE • MINIMAL TRAINING NEEDED, HIGH USER ACCEPTANCE • CONTINUOUS MOTION IN ALL DIRECTIONS • NO EXTRA DESK SPACE • NO MOVING PARTS
  • 12. • PROBLEMS • VERY FAST, BUT NOT VERY ACCURATE • “FAT” FINGERS • LIMITED RESOLUTION • DIFFICULT TO SELECT SMALL TARGETS • VERY SLOW TEXT AND DATA ENTRY • FINGER/ARM MAY OBSCURE SCREEN • OVERLAYS MAY LEAD TO PARALLAX • INADVERTENT ACTIVATION • SCREEN CAN GET DIRTY (OIL FROM FINGERS) • SUSCEPTIBLE TO TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY • ARM FATIGUE FOR CONVENTIONAL COMPUTER MONITORS • SHOULD BE LIMITED TO LOW-FREQUENCY USAGE
  • 13. OUTPUT DEVICES • CONVERT INFORMATION COMING FROM A COMPUTER SYSTEM INTO SOME FORM PERCEPTIBLE BY HUMANS • VISUAL • AUDITORY (NON-SPEECH, SPEECH) • TACTILE • TACTILE OUTPUT FOR VISUALLY-IMPAIRED AND BLIND USERS (E.G., BRAILLE) 14
  • 14. VISUAL OUTPUT DEVICES • CHARACTER-BASED DISPLAYS • LIQUID-CRYSTAL DISPLAYS [LCDS],FLAT-PANEL DISPLAYS [FPDS] • USED IN STATIONARY DEVICES, IN TELEPHONES, CALCULATORS, ETC. • GRAPHICS DISPLAYS • CRTS, LCDS, AND OTHER FPDS, 3D • HRES GRAPHIC DISPLAYS USED IN STATIONARY OUTPUT DEVICES, COCKPITS, OR HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS • PRINTING DEVICES • COLOR VS. BLACK AND WHITE; DOT MATRIX, LASER, INKJET • FAX • PLOTTERS (COLORED PENS) • MICROFICHE OR MICROFILM • REQUIRE SPECIAL EQUIPMENT TO READ • VIDEOTAPE 15
  • 15. FUTURE TRENDS • SMART ROOMS • CAN IDENTIFY PEOPLE AND INTERPRET THEIR ACTIONS • HOUSE THAT KNOWS WHERE YOUR KIDS ARE AND TELLS YOU IF THEY ARE GETTING INTO TROUBLE • CAN SUPERVISE STUDENTS DURING EXAMS ;-) • RESEARCH BEING CONDUCTED AT MIT • PERSON FINDER - PFINDER • INCORPORATES VIDEO CAMERAS FOR RECOGNIZING FACES, EXPRESSIONS, GESTURES • MICROPHONES FOR SPEECH RECOGNITION • SMART HOME • PERFORMS ACTIVITIES ACCORDING TO USER’S PREFERENCES AND USUAL ACTIONS 19
  • 17. ACTIVITY: INPUT DEVICE CHARACTERISTICS • SELECT AN INPUT DEVICE AND ANALYZE ITS CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS BASED ON THE PREVIOUS CATEGORIES • DEGREES OF FREEDOM • INFORMATION TRANSMISSION • PERSISTENCE • NAVIGATION • DO THESE CATEGORIES CAPTURE THE ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVICE? • IF NOT, SUGGEST ADDITIONAL ONES 21
  • 18. CHAPTER SUMMARY • OVERVIEW OF IMPORTANT DEVICES FOR INPUT TO AND OUTPUT FROM THE COMPUTER • THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DEVICE DETERMINE ITS SUITABILITY FOR PARTICULAR METHODS AND TASKS • THE SELECTION OF I/O DEVICES AND METHODS INFLUENCES THE USABILITY OF A USER INTERFACE SUBSTANTIALLY • RESEARCH IN NOVEL I/O DEVICES AND METHODS TRIES TO OVERCOME THE LIMITATIONS OF SCREEN AND PAPER AS MOST IMPORTANT OUTPUT, AND KEYBOARD AND MOUSE AS INPUT DEVICES 22