Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
Preparing a Speech: Outline
1. Preparing a
Speech: A
Process Outline
Components of a Speech
Steps of Preparing a Speech
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2. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Components of a Speech
Components of a Speech
• Introduction
• Body
• Conclusion
• Transitions
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3. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Components of a Speech
Introduction
• [[fig:9146]] Your introduction should immediately capture your audience's attention
and interest.
• Introduce yourself and who you are in your introduction to establish your
credibility and authority to be speaking on your given subject.
• Your introduction should give your audience a preview of what they can expect to
hear for the duration of your speech.
• When preparing your speech, it's actually easier to write your introduction last,
after you have written the rest of your speech.
President William Howard Taft introducing the
Springfield Municipal Group in Springfield,
Massachusetts
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4. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Components of a Speech
Body
• Organize your thoughts into a cohesive, logical flow of ideas.
• Each main point of your speech should support your speech's purpose.
• Use a variety of examples to illustrate the main points of your speech, from
research, facts and figures, to personal anecdotes and references.
• Don't be afraid to let your personality come through; know your audience and
tailor your approach accordingly. The body of your speech should be creative and
engaging.
• Don't stray too far from your outline; you will quickly lose your audience's interest
if you begin wandering off topic into points or anecdotes that don't support your
Use the body of your speech to go into detail
about your main points.
speech's purpose or objective. You don't want to appear disorganized or sound
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overly verbose.
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5. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Components of a Speech
Conclusion
• Use your conclusion as an opportunity to summarize the main points of your
speech.
• Don't repeat your main points word for word; rather, paraphrase the key themes
and arguments you have just presented.
• Consider ending your speech with an additional anecdote or quotation that
captures the theme of your speech.
• Don't introduce any new points or supportive evidence into your conclusion as it
will confuse your audience.
• Use trigger phrases such as "in conclusion" or "in summary" to prepare your
audience for the end of your speech.
• Write your conclusion at the same time as the introduction (after you write the
The conclusion of your speech summarizes your
main points and purpose while leaving a lasting
impression with your audience.
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body) so that the introduction and conclusion complement one another.
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6. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Components of a Speech
Transitions
• Transitions are used to show the linkage or connection between main points.
• Types of transitions include temporal, equality, causality, compare and contrast,
and summary.
• After you determine the main points of your speech, order them logically and then
determine how you will transition from one point to the next.
Your speech should flow logically and smoothly
from one point to the next.
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7. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Steps of Preparing a Speech
Steps of Preparing a Speech
• Choosing a Topic
• Analyzing the Who, Why, and Where
• Topic Research: Gathering Materials and Evidence
• Developing Your Thesis
• Supporting Your Ideas
• Organizing and Outlining the Speech
• Wording the Speech
• Preparing to Present
• Delivering the Speech
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8. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Steps of Preparing a Speech
Choosing a Topic
• Before you can begin writing your speech, you must first establish the main topic
about which you plan to speak.
• Brainstorm early and often! You can try a variety of techniques to get your mental
juices flowing, from clustering to free writing. Even just talking through your ideas
with another person as a sounding board is a great way to get ideas.
• Once you start to get an idea of your topic, do a little preliminary research. See
what others may have written or said about your general topic; reading their ideas
may help give you some new ideas or directions of your own.
Clustering
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9. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Steps of Preparing a Speech
Analyzing the Who, Why, and Where
• Take into account the demographics of your audience: gender, age, industry, the
event at which you're speaking, common interests, culture and ethnicity, and how
much they already may or may not know about your speech topic.
• Never stereotype your audience based on any of their demographics.
• Be mindful of gestures, colloquialisms, idioms, or other ethnocentric
expressions (slang, mannerisms, etc.) you might make during your speech. It's
important to recognize what is accepted in one culture may be offensive in
another.
Audience waiting for a show to begin.
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10. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Steps of Preparing a Speech
Topic Research: Gathering Materials and Evidence
• Make sure you find credible sources of information, whether they be from
scholarly sources that have been peer-reviewed, or irrefutable facts.
• There are many places you can go to research; while the internet might seem like
the easiest place to find information, you always want to double check to make
sure those sources are accurate and credible.
• Don't use research that might be outdated, particularly with regard to scientific or
technological advances.
• Make sure you acknowledge your sources. You may not directly reference them
in your speech, but if questioned afterward, you'll want to know from where you
Student researching.
found your information.
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• Never copy information word for word and claim it as your own; this is plagiarism
and erodes the ethical integrity of you, your speech, and your reputation.
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11. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Steps of Preparing a Speech
Developing Your Thesis
• The main argument of your speech is your thesis statement: what case are you
trying to make?
• If you are arguing for or against a certain idea, belief or topic, you must provide
compelling evidence to support your position.
• When crafting your thesis statement, consider potential arguments, questions, or
concerns someone with an opposing viewpoint may have. This process helps you
develop a more robust thesis.
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12. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Steps of Preparing a Speech
Supporting Your Ideas
• Set the stage for how you plan to address your argument and make your case by
laying out the exposition of your argument.
• Appeal to your audience's core beliefs, goals or common interests to influence
your audience by persuasion.
• If you are speaking to a sympathetic crowd, consider influencing your audience by
suggestion or popular sentiment on your given topic.
• Use personal narratives and anecdotes to make your case if appropriate to your
audience, topic, and speech venue.
• If your idea is complex, consider breaking it down into simpler parts to more
thoroughly and easily describe your idea. Help your audience to visualize your
Preparing supporting ideas and materials
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points by articulately describing them.
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13. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Steps of Preparing a Speech
Organizing and Outlining the Speech
• To organize your thoughts, consider giving each point or supporting evidence its
own note card. Begin to arrange them according to importance and your main
points will begin to emerge.
• Outlines typically begin with your thesis and end with any concluding thoughts.
• Depending on your topic or thesis, arranging your points chronologically is an
effective way to establish a timeline of your argument.
• If giving an informational speech, you might describe your subject as parts of an
object, outlining each part or section.
• You can move from broad points to specific points, or vice versa, depending on
the effect you are trying to achieve and the argument you are trying to make.
Arranging notes and research to form an outline
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14. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Steps of Preparing a Speech
Wording the Speech
• Use the ABC approach to begin your first draft. The Abstract explains your thesis.
The Body features your main points and supporting evidence. The Conclusion
contains your final thoughts and reiterates your point.
• Make sure to have all of your notes and research close by and easily accessible
so you can turn to your sources as often as you need to while your draft your
speech.
• Editing and revising are not the same thing. To edit, review your speech for
changes. To revise, actually implement those changes. Editing and revising are
cyclical in nature as you continue to hone your draft.
• If on your first draft you find yourself going off on a tangent, allow yourself to
Handwritten speech notes by President Ronald
Reagan
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follow it. You can always edit, revise and remove sections later that are wordy or
off-topic.
• Writer's block can happen to even the best writers. Take a break for a few
minutes and come back to your speech renewed and refreshed. But don't stay
away too long or you might lose your momentum.
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15. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Steps of Preparing a Speech
Preparing to Present
• Determine how you will present your speech: will you read it verbatim, memorize
it, or read from an outline of notes?
• Reading verbatim has both its positives and negatives. On the plus side, you'll
have your entire speech written out in front of you; however, these types of
speeches tend to feel a bit stilted to audience members.
• Memorizing your speech can seem like a weighty task, but it allows you to retain
all of your key points and wording while still appearing natural and effortless to
your audience. It frees you from having to read right off of a manuscript.
• When speaking extemporaneously, you can have a rough outline of your notes.
You might have this on a single sheet or perhaps across several notecards. In
A student rehearses his speech.
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either case, these serve as reminders about your topic, your points and in what
order they should be shared.
• If you're nervous about presenting in front of a group of people for the first time,
work out your nerves by asking a small group of friends or colleagues to be your
test audience. Your test audience can give you immediate feedback on what you
did well and how you could improve.
• Ever wonder what you look like while giving a speech? Practice in front of a
mirror, or better yet: record yourself. You'll be able to see if you have any
unconscious gestures or habits that you can correct or prevent as you feel them
happening.
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16. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Steps of Preparing a Speech
Delivering the Speech
• Make sure you dress to impress. While some speeches may be delivered in a
casual setting, you want to make sure you're wearing clothing appropriate to the
dress code of your event.
• Be aware of your body language. A closed body position (arms crossed,
shoulders hunched) and lack of eye contact will make it extremely difficult for your
audience to engage with you.
• Engage your audience by making eye contact with them. If making eye contact
wigs you out, you can always look just above their heads to give the same effect.
• Stand up straight, remember to breathe, and limit your "um"s, "uh"s, and "like"s.
Use whole phrases like "should have" instead of "shoulda." Avoid slang or
A woman delivers a speech at a TEDx event.
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profanity.
• Have a backup plan in case equipment fails for things such as visual aids,
PowerPoint presentations, or teleprompters.
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18. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Key terms
• abstract Difficult to understand; abstruse. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• anecdote An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not supported by scientific or statistical analysis.
(CC BY-SA
3.0)
• anecdote An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not supported by scientific or statistical analysis.
(CC BY-SA
3.0)
• audience A group of people within hearing; specifically a group of people listening to a performance, speech etc.; the crowd
seeing a stage performance. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• body language Body language is a form of mental and physical ability of human non-verbal communication. It consists of body
posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and interpret such signals almost entirely
subconsciously. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• brainstorming A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a group contribute ideas spontaneously.
(CC BY-SA 3.0)
• brainstorming A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a group contribute ideas spontaneously.
(CC BY-SA 3.0)
• chronological In order of time from the earliest to the latest (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• demographic A demographic criterion: a characteristic used to classify people for statistical purposes, such as age, race, or
gender. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• distill To extract the essence of; concentrate; purify. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• eloquence The quality of artistry and persuasiveness in speech or writing.
(CC BY-SA 3.0)
• ethnocentrism The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture.
(CC BY-SA 3.0)
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19. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
• exposition The act of declaring or describing something through either speech or writing. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• extemporaneous A type of speech delivery which involves preparation of speaker notes prior to delivery, associated with
conversational style of delivery. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• plagiarism The act of plagiarizing: the copying of another person's ideas, text or other creative work, and presenting it as one's
own, especially without permission. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• rebut To deny the truth of something, especially by presenting arguments that disprove it.
(CC BY-SA 3.0)
• segue To make a smooth transition from one theme to another. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• stereotype A conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion, or image. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• summarize To give a recapitulation of the salient facts; to recapitulate or review
(CC BY-SA 3.0)
• thesis A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to three sentences long.
(CC BY-SA 3.0)
• thesis statement A thesis statement summarizes a speech's argument in one to three sentences. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• topic Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• transition The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to another. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• verbatim A word-for-word report of a speech. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
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20. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
• writer's block The inability to begin or continue work on a piece of writing; normally temporary. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
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21. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
President William Howard Taft introducing the Springfield Municipal Group in Springfield, Massachusetts
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22. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Your introduction will set the tone for the rest of your speech.
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23. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Use the body of your speech to go into detail about your main points.
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24. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The conclusion of your speech summarizes your main points and purpose while leaving a lasting impression
with your audience.
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25. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Your speech should flow logically and smoothly from one point to the next.
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26. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Clustering
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27. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Audience waiting for a show to begin.
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28. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Student researching.
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29. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Painting depicting a lecture in a knight academy.
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30. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Preparing supporting ideas and materials
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31. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Arranging notes and research to form an outline
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32. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Handwritten speech notes by President Ronald Reagan
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33. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A student rehearses his speech.
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34. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A woman delivers a speech at a TEDx event.
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35. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not
supported by scientific or statistical analysis.
A) A demonstration
B) An example
C) An anecdote
D) A testimonial
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36. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not
supported by scientific or statistical analysis.
A) A demonstration
B) An example
C) An anecdote
D) A testimonial
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37. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
To establish your credibility and authority, as well as set the tone
during a speech, you should first ________
A) introduce yourself and why you are the appropriate individual to speak
on your given subject.
B) go into detail about your main points.
C) summarize your main points.
D) deliver compelling evidence to support your primary argument.
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38. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
To establish your credibility and authority, as well as set the tone
during a speech, you should first ________
A) introduce yourself and why you are the appropriate individual to speak
on your given subject.
B) go into detail about your main points.
C) summarize your main points.
D) deliver compelling evidence to support your primary argument.
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39. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a
group contribute ideas spontaneously.
A) brainstorming
B) segue
C) reiterate
D) transition
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40. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a
group contribute ideas spontaneously.
A) brainstorming
B) segue
C) reiterate
D) transition
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Wiktionary. "brainstorming." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brainstorming
41. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a
group contribute ideas spontaneously.
A) verbatim
B) extemporaneous
C) chronological
D) brainstorming
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42. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a
group contribute ideas spontaneously.
A) verbatim
B) extemporaneous
C) chronological
D) brainstorming
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Wiktionary. "brainstorming." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brainstorming
43. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a
group contribute ideas spontaneously.
A) topic
B) brainstorming
C) narrow
D) scope
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44. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a
group contribute ideas spontaneously.
A) topic
B) brainstorming
C) narrow
D) scope
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Wiktionary. "brainstorming." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brainstorming
45. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
If the purpose of a speaker's main points is to entertain the
audience, which of the following should he or she include in the
body?
A) Data, statistics and research
B) Anecdotes and personal stories
C) A combination of research and media
D) Videos, charts, or images
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46. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
If the purpose of a speaker's main points is to entertain the
audience, which of the following should he or she include in the
body?
A) Data, statistics and research
B) Anecdotes and personal stories
C) A combination of research and media
D) Videos, charts, or images
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47. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The conclusion of a speech serves as a bookend to the speech's
body, and therefore should be written
A) before the body.
B) after the introduction.
C) after the body.
D) before the introduction.
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48. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The conclusion of a speech serves as a bookend to the speech's
body, and therefore should be written
A) before the body.
B) after the introduction.
C) after the body.
D) before the introduction.
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49. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
To end the speech on a high note, and ensure the audience
remembers the main points of the presentation, the speaker
should share
A) a quote or anecdote.
B) a theme or concept.
C) a fact.
D) a statistic.
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50. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
To end the speech on a high note, and ensure the audience
remembers the main points of the presentation, the speaker
should share
A) a quote or anecdote.
B) a theme or concept.
C) a fact.
D) a statistic.
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51. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
To give a recapitulation of the salient facts; to recapitulate or
review
A) audience
B) segue
C) summarize
D) transition
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52. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
To give a recapitulation of the salient facts; to recapitulate or
review
A) audience
B) segue
C) summarize
D) transition
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Wiktionary. "summarize." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/summarize
53. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
To make a smooth transition from one theme to another.
A) audience
B) anecdote
C) reiterate
D) segue
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54. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
To make a smooth transition from one theme to another.
A) audience
B) anecdote
C) reiterate
D) segue
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Wiktionary. "segue." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/segue
55. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to
another.
A) audience
B) brainstorming
C) reiterate
D) transition
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56. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to
another.
A) audience
B) brainstorming
C) reiterate
D) transition
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Wiktionary. "transition." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transition
57. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to
another.
A) body language
B) sentence outline
C) transition
D) detour
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58. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to
another.
A) body language
B) sentence outline
C) transition
D) detour
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Wiktionary. "transition." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transition
59. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to
another.
A) informative speech
B) wisdom
C) transition
D) topic outline
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60. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to
another.
A) informative speech
B) wisdom
C) transition
D) topic outline
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Wiktionary. "transition." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transition
61. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to
another.
A) anecdote
B) detour
C) transition
D) draft
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62. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to
another.
A) anecdote
B) detour
C) transition
D) draft
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Wiktionary. "transition." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transition
63. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to
another.
A) anecdote
B) body language
C) transition
D) commemorative speech
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64. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to
another.
A) anecdote
B) body language
C) transition
D) commemorative speech
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Wiktionary. "transition." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transition
65. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Which of the following transitions are used to highlight similar
points in the speech using words including "like", "in addition", and
"moreover"?
A) Equality transitions
B) Causality transitions
C) Introductions and summaries
D) Temporal transitions
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66. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Which of the following transitions are used to highlight similar
points in the speech using words including "like", "in addition", and
"moreover"?
A) Equality transitions
B) Causality transitions
C) Introductions and summaries
D) Temporal transitions
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
67. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A student is asked to give a 5-minute persuasive speech to his
classmates. When he presents a critique his girlfriend’s intimate
anatomy, he has all of his classmates laughing so much that only
the instructor notices the speech was almost twice its assigned
length. Which constraint on topic selection was the only one the
speaker did NOT ignore?
A) Purpose
B) Context
C) Audience
D) Time frame
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68. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A student is asked to give a 5-minute persuasive speech to his
classmates. When he presents a critique his girlfriend’s intimate
anatomy, he has all of his classmates laughing so much that only
the instructor notices the speech was almost twice its assigned
length. Which constraint on topic selection was the only one the
speaker did NOT ignore?
A) Purpose
B) Context
C) Audience
D) Time frame
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Saylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/
69. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest.
A) brainstorming
B) expert
C) choose
D) topic
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70. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest.
A) brainstorming
B) expert
C) choose
D) topic
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Wiktionary. "topic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/topic
71. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a
group contribute ideas spontaneously.
A) segue
B) reiterate
C) brainstorming
D) transition
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72. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a
group contribute ideas spontaneously.
A) segue
B) reiterate
C) brainstorming
D) transition
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Wiktionary. "brainstorming." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brainstorming
73. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest.
A) anecdote
B) topic
C) credibility
D) introduction
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74. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest.
A) anecdote
B) topic
C) credibility
D) introduction
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Wiktionary. "topic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/topic
75. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest.
A) topic
B) brainstorming
C) expert
D) knowledge
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76. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest.
A) topic
B) brainstorming
C) expert
D) knowledge
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Wiktionary. "topic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/topic
77. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a
group contribute ideas spontaneously.
A) brainstorming
B) topic
C) narrow
D) scope
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78. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a
group contribute ideas spontaneously.
A) brainstorming
B) topic
C) narrow
D) scope
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Wiktionary. "brainstorming." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brainstorming
79. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest.
A) thesis
B) ethnocentrism
C) writer's block
D) topic
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80. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest.
A) thesis
B) ethnocentrism
C) writer's block
D) topic
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Wiktionary. "topic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/topic
81. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
To extract the essence of; concentrate; purify.
A) anecdote
B) distill
C) chronological
D) body language
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82. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
To extract the essence of; concentrate; purify.
A) anecdote
B) distill
C) chronological
D) body language
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Wiktionary. "distill." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/distill
83. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a
group contribute ideas spontaneously.
A) brainstorming
B) verbatim
C) extemporaneous
D) chronological
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84. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a
group contribute ideas spontaneously.
A) brainstorming
B) verbatim
C) extemporaneous
D) chronological
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Wiktionary. "brainstorming." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brainstorming
85. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
After brainstorming one or multiple topics, speech writers should
move on to which of the following steps?
A) Research what other writers have said about the topic.
B) Develop the thesis or argument of the speech.
C) Refine and synthesize the ideas into one topic.
D) Write associated ideas, topics, or subcategories related to that main
topic.
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86. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
After brainstorming one or multiple topics, speech writers should
move on to which of the following steps?
A) Research what other writers have said about the topic.
B) Develop the thesis or argument of the speech.
C) Refine and synthesize the ideas into one topic.
D) Write associated ideas, topics, or subcategories related to that main
topic.
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
87. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A _______ criterion: a characteristic used to classify people for
statistical purposes, such as age, race, or gender.
A) demographic
B) channel
C) message
D) noise
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88. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A _______ criterion: a characteristic used to classify people for
statistical purposes, such as age, race, or gender.
A) demographic
B) channel
C) message
D) noise
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Wiktionary. "demographic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/demographic
89. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Writers should consider which of the following factors when
tailoring their speech toward a specific audience?
A) All of these answers
B) Gender and age
C) Cultural background and/or ethnicity
D) Speaker gestures and mannerisms
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90. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Writers should consider which of the following factors when
tailoring their speech toward a specific audience?
A) All of these answers
B) Gender and age
C) Cultural background and/or ethnicity
D) Speaker gestures and mannerisms
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
91. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A characteristic used to classify people for statistical purposes,
such as age, race, or gender.
A) Demographic
B) Psychographic
C) Firmographic
D) Geodemography
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92. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A characteristic used to classify people for statistical purposes,
such as age, race, or gender.
A) Demographic
B) Psychographic
C) Firmographic
D) Geodemography
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Wiktionary. "demographic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/demographic
93. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of
one's own culture.
A) plagiarism
B) thesis statement
C) ethnocentrism
D) abstract
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94. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of
one's own culture.
A) plagiarism
B) thesis statement
C) ethnocentrism
D) abstract
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Wiktionary. "ethnocentrism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ethnocentrism
95. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion,
or image.
A) plagiarism
B) stereotype
C) thesis statement
D) eloquence
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96. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion,
or image.
A) plagiarism
B) stereotype
C) thesis statement
D) eloquence
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Wiktionary. "stereotype." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stereotype
97. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Speech writers can ensure they are using credible sources to
back up their claims by drawing upon sources such as
A) tabloid newspapers.
B) scholarly journals.
C) Internet blogs.
D) word-of-mouth.
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98. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Speech writers can ensure they are using credible sources to
back up their claims by drawing upon sources such as
A) tabloid newspapers.
B) scholarly journals.
C) Internet blogs.
D) word-of-mouth.
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
99. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The act of plagiarizing: the copying of another person's ideas, text
or other creative work, and presenting it as one's own, especially
without permission.
A) ethics
B) ethical
C) plagiarism
D) recuse
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100. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The act of plagiarizing: the copying of another person's ideas, text
or other creative work, and presenting it as one's own, especially
without permission.
A) ethics
B) ethical
C) plagiarism
D) recuse
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Wiktionary. "plagiarism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plagiarism
101. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The act of plagiarizing: the copying of another person's ideas, text
or other creative work, and presenting it as one's own, especially
without permission.
A) ethics
B) open-minded
C) plagiarism
D) ethical
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102. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The act of plagiarizing: the copying of another person's ideas, text
or other creative work, and presenting it as one's own, especially
without permission.
A) ethics
B) open-minded
C) plagiarism
D) ethical
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Wiktionary. "plagiarism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plagiarism
103. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The act of plagiarizing: the copying of another person's ideas, text
or other creative work, and presenting it as one's own, especially
without permission.
A) anecdote
B) thesis
C) plagiarism
D) ethnocentrism
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104. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The act of plagiarizing: the copying of another person's ideas, text
or other creative work, and presenting it as one's own, especially
without permission.
A) anecdote
B) thesis
C) plagiarism
D) ethnocentrism
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Wiktionary. "plagiarism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plagiarism
105. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
When used for developing the contents of a speech, what does
the word support refer to?
A) A type of evidence that is used to persuade
B) The use of credible, reliable, reputable sources
C) The application of timely and relevant empirical data
D) A range of strategies that reinforce a central idea
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106. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
When used for developing the contents of a speech, what does
the word support refer to?
A) A type of evidence that is used to persuade
B) The use of credible, reliable, reputable sources
C) The application of timely and relevant empirical data
D) A range of strategies that reinforce a central idea
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Saylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/
107. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A _______ summarizes a speech's argument in one to three
sentences.
A) thesis
B) writer's block
C) distill
D) thesis statement
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108. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A _______ summarizes a speech's argument in one to three
sentences.
A) thesis
B) writer's block
C) distill
D) thesis statement
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Wikipedia. "thesis statement." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/thesis+statement
109. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
To deny the truth of something, especially by presenting
arguments that disprove it.
A) brainstorming
B) thesis
C) rebut
D) body language
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110. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
To deny the truth of something, especially by presenting
arguments that disprove it.
A) brainstorming
B) thesis
C) rebut
D) body language
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Wiktionary. "rebut." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rebut
111. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The thesis statement should be presented at which point of the
speech?
A) In the introduction
B) In the body
C) At the conclusion
D) Throughout the speech
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112. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The thesis statement should be presented at which point of the
speech?
A) In the introduction
B) In the body
C) At the conclusion
D) Throughout the speech
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
113. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The act of declaring or describing something through either
speech or writing.
A) verbatim
B) topic
C) exposition
D) stereotype
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114. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The act of declaring or describing something through either
speech or writing.
A) verbatim
B) topic
C) exposition
D) stereotype
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Wiktionary. "exposition." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exposition
115. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not
supported by scientific or statistical analysis.
A) segue
B) anecdote
C) brainstorming
D) transition
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116. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not
supported by scientific or statistical analysis.
A) segue
B) anecdote
C) brainstorming
D) transition
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Wiktionary. "anecdote." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anecdote
117. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not
supported by scientific or statistical analysis.
A) anecdote
B) topic
C) credibility
D) introduction
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118. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not
supported by scientific or statistical analysis.
A) anecdote
B) topic
C) credibility
D) introduction
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Wiktionary. "anecdote." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anecdote
119. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not
supported by scientific or statistical analysis.
A) scientific evidence
B) anecdote
C) comprehendible
D) Median
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120. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not
supported by scientific or statistical analysis.
A) scientific evidence
B) anecdote
C) comprehendible
D) Median
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Wiktionary. "anecdote." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anecdote
121. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not
supported by scientific or statistical analysis.
A) An anecdote
B) A demonstration
C) An example
D) A testimonial
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122. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not
supported by scientific or statistical analysis.
A) An anecdote
B) A demonstration
C) An example
D) A testimonial
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Wiktionary. "anecdote." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anecdote
123. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Speech writers who adopt an expository approach when
supporting claims in a speech allow speakers to
A) break down the main argument into simple parts that are easy for the
audience to understand.
B) tell a story or anecdote that makes the speaker personable and
believable.
C) show the similarities between the audience and topic, and the
presenter and audience.
D) present all of the background information the audience needs to know
to understand the main argument.
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124. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Speech writers who adopt an expository approach when
supporting claims in a speech allow speakers to
A) break down the main argument into simple parts that are easy for the
audience to understand.
B) tell a story or anecdote that makes the speaker personable and
believable.
C) show the similarities between the audience and topic, and the
presenter and audience.
D) present all of the background information the audience needs to know
to understand the main argument.
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
125. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Organizing a speech thesis into smaller, logical steps to build
toward a larger, more complex idea helps strengthen
A) the speech's conclusion.
B) the speech's introduction
C) the speech's supporting evidence.
D) the thesis' main argument.
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126. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Organizing a speech thesis into smaller, logical steps to build
toward a larger, more complex idea helps strengthen
A) the speech's conclusion.
B) the speech's introduction
C) the speech's supporting evidence.
D) the thesis' main argument.
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
127. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to
three sentences long.
A) plagiarism
B) thesis
C) stereotype
D) eloquence
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128. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to
three sentences long.
A) plagiarism
B) thesis
C) stereotype
D) eloquence
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Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/thesis
129. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
In order of time from the earliest to the latest
A) plagiarism
B) exposition
C) chronological
D) eloquence
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130. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
In order of time from the earliest to the latest
A) plagiarism
B) exposition
C) chronological
D) eloquence
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Wiktionary. "chronological." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chronological
131. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to
three sentences long.
A) anecdote
B) credibility
C) introduction
D) thesis
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132. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to
three sentences long.
A) anecdote
B) credibility
C) introduction
D) thesis
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133. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to
three sentences long.
A) purpose
B) thesis
C) specific
D) general
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134. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to
three sentences long.
A) purpose
B) thesis
C) specific
D) general
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Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/thesis
135. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Difficult to understand; abstruse.
A) abstract
B) extemporaneous
C) demographic
D) stereotype
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136. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Difficult to understand; abstruse.
A) abstract
B) extemporaneous
C) demographic
D) stereotype
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Wiktionary. "abstract." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstract
137. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The quality of artistry and persuasiveness in speech or writing.
A) anecdote
B) topic
C) eloquence
D) stereotype
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138. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The quality of artistry and persuasiveness in speech or writing.
A) anecdote
B) topic
C) eloquence
D) stereotype
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Wiktionary. "eloquence." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eloquence
139. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Difficult to understand; abstruse.
A) direct
B) abstract
C) objectivity
D) orality
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140. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Difficult to understand; abstruse.
A) direct
B) abstract
C) objectivity
D) orality
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Wiktionary. "abstract." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstract
141. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The inability to begin or continue work on a piece of writing;
normally temporary.
A) anecdote
B) brainstorming
C) ethnocentrism
D) writer's block
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142. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
The inability to begin or continue work on a piece of writing;
normally temporary.
A) anecdote
B) brainstorming
C) ethnocentrism
D) writer's block
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Wiktionary. "writer's block." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/writer's+block
143. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Which of the following examples best describes the editing
process?
A) Developing substantive claims to support and argue the speech's
thesis
B) Connecting the main points in the conclusion
C) Introducing a summary of the subject and main thesis
D) Rewriting awkward phrasing or parts throughout the speech
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144. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Which of the following examples best describes the editing
process?
A) Developing substantive claims to support and argue the speech's
thesis
B) Connecting the main points in the conclusion
C) Introducing a summary of the subject and main thesis
D) Rewriting awkward phrasing or parts throughout the speech
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145. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Which of the following is the most important consideration when
choosing between a sentence outline and note cards for
delivering your speech?
A) If you use a sentence outline, you will end up reading to your audience
rather than speaking to them.
B) If you use note cards, you will have more eye contact with your
audience.
C) If you use note cards, you will not be able to put a lot of information on
them.
D) If you use a sentence outline, you will have a safety net if you forget
what you need to say.
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146. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Which of the following is the most important consideration when
choosing between a sentence outline and note cards for
delivering your speech?
A) If you use a sentence outline, you will end up reading to your audience
rather than speaking to them.
B) If you use note cards, you will have more eye contact with your
audience.
C) If you use note cards, you will not be able to put a lot of information on
them.
D) If you use a sentence outline, you will have a safety net if you forget
what you need to say.
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Saylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0
http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/
147. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A type of speech delivery which involves preparation of speaker
notes prior to delivery, associated with conversational style of
delivery.
A) impromptu
B) Proclamation
C) extemporaneous
D) teleprompter
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148. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A type of speech delivery which involves preparation of speaker
notes prior to delivery, associated with conversational style of
delivery.
A) impromptu
B) Proclamation
C) extemporaneous
D) teleprompter
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Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/extemporaneous
149. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A type of speech delivery which involves preparation of speaker
notes prior to delivery, associated with conversational style of
delivery.
A) extemporaneous
B) ethnocentrism
C) thesis statement
D) chronological
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150. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A type of speech delivery which involves preparation of speaker
notes prior to delivery, associated with conversational style of
delivery.
A) extemporaneous
B) ethnocentrism
C) thesis statement
D) chronological
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Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/extemporaneous
151. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A word-for-word report of a speech.
A) thesis
B) writer's block
C) body language
D) verbatim
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152. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A word-for-word report of a speech.
A) thesis
B) writer's block
C) body language
D) verbatim
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Wiktionary. "verbatim." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/verbatim
153. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A word-for-word report of a speech.
A) Detract
B) verbatim
C) calcium sulfate
D) Flash
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154. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A word-for-word report of a speech.
A) Detract
B) verbatim
C) calcium sulfate
D) Flash
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Wiktionary. "verbatim." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/verbatim
155. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
To overcome nervousness before delivering a speech, speakers
should do which of the following?
A) All of the answers.
B) Reread the speech repeatedly
C) Practice the speech in front of friends or colleagues
D) Ask for feedback before delivering the final speech
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156. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
To overcome nervousness before delivering a speech, speakers
should do which of the following?
A) All of the answers.
B) Reread the speech repeatedly
C) Practice the speech in front of friends or colleagues
D) Ask for feedback before delivering the final speech
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
157. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Which of the following represents the best way to convert the
statements from a sentence outline about electric cars into
speaking notes? 1. Electric cars protect the environment by
reducing the need to drill for oil in environmentally sensitive
regions. 2. Electric cars help protect the earth by reducing carbon
emissions that contribute to global warming.
A) Environment benefits - reduces drilling, carbon emissions
B) Electric car benefits - protect environment, protect earth
C) Benefits sensitive regions, lessens global warming
D) Electric cars benefit the environment.
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158. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Which of the following represents the best way to convert the
statements from a sentence outline about electric cars into
speaking notes? 1. Electric cars protect the environment by
reducing the need to drill for oil in environmentally sensitive
regions. 2. Electric cars help protect the earth by reducing carbon
emissions that contribute to global warming.
A) Environment benefits - reduces drilling, carbon emissions
B) Electric car benefits - protect environment, protect earth
C) Benefits sensitive regions, lessens global warming
D) Electric cars benefit the environment.
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Saylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0
http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/
159. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A type of speech delivery which involves preparation of speaker
notes prior to delivery, associated with conversational style of
delivery.
A) extemporaneous
B) impromptu
C) mind map
D) concept map
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160. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
A type of speech delivery which involves preparation of speaker
notes prior to delivery, associated with conversational style of
delivery.
A) extemporaneous
B) impromptu
C) mind map
D) concept map
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Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/extemporaneous
161. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
When speaking, presenters should make sure to do which of the
following?
A) Avoid eye contact with the audience.
B) Choose a spot in the room and remain there for the duration of the
speech.
C) Use silence rather than fillers during pauses in the speech.
D) Ask audience members to hold applause until the end of the
presentation.
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162. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
When speaking, presenters should make sure to do which of the
following?
A) Avoid eye contact with the audience.
B) Choose a spot in the room and remain there for the duration of the
speech.
C) Use silence rather than fillers during pauses in the speech.
D) Ask audience members to hold applause until the end of the
presentation.
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163. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
_______ is a form of mental and physical ability of human nonverbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures,
facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and
interpret such signals almost entirely subconsciously.
A) transition
B) body language
C) textual cue
D) detour
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164. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
_______ is a form of mental and physical ability of human nonverbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures,
facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and
interpret such signals almost entirely subconsciously.
A) transition
B) body language
C) textual cue
D) detour
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Wikipedia. "body language." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/body+language
165. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
_______ is a form of mental and physical ability of human nonverbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures,
facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and
interpret such signals almost entirely subconsciously.
A) body language
B) brainstorming
C) abstract
D) stereotype
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166. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
_______ is a form of mental and physical ability of human nonverbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures,
facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and
interpret such signals almost entirely subconsciously.
A) body language
B) brainstorming
C) abstract
D) stereotype
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Wikipedia. "body language." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/body+language
167. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
Attribution
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Oral Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations
• Wikipedia. "Speechwriter." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speechwriter
• Wikipedia. "Public speaking." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_speaking
• Wikipedia. "Speech (public address)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_(public_address)#General
• Wikipedia. "Public speaking." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_speaking
• Connexions. "Open Course Library: Public Speaking." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m41423/latest/
• Wikibooks. "Survey of Communication Study/Chapter 5 - Communication Theory." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study/Chapter_5_-_Communication_Theory
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Teacher's Handbook/Teaching Oral Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Teacher%2527s_Handbook/Teaching_Oral_Presentations
• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations
• Connexions. "Open Course Library: Public Speaking." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m41423/latest/
• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations
• Wikibooks. "Getting Started as an Entrepreneur/Plan/Presenting Your Plan." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Getting_Started_as_an_Entrepreneur/Plan/Presenting_Your_Plan
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Oral Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations
• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations
• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations#Don.E2.80.99t_Forget_About_Your_Conclusio
168. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
• Project Gutenberg. Public domain http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18095/18095-h/18095-h.htm
• Project Gutenberg. Public domain http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16317/16317-h/16317-h.htm#CHAPTER_XVIII
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Planning and Prewriting." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Planning_and_Prewriting
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/The Stages of the Writing Process." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/The_Stages_of_the_Writing_Process
• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations#Who_is_Your_Audience.3F
• Wikipedia. "Technical communication." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_communication
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Researching." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Researching
• Wikipedia. "Technical communication." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_communication
• Project Gutenberg. Public domain http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16317/16317-h/16317-h.htm#CHAPTER_XIX
• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Rhetoric/Purpose." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Rhetoric/Purpose
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Writing in the Humanities." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Writing_in_the_Humanities#Thesis_Statement
• Wikibooks. "Survey of Communication Study/Chapter 7 - Rhetorical Criticism." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study/Chapter_7_-_Rhetorical_Criticism#Public_Address
• Wikipedia. "Thesis statement." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesis_statement
• Wikibooks. "Survey of Communication Study/Chapter 7 - Rhetorical Criticism." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study/Chapter_7__Rhetorical_Criticism#Understanding_Rhetorical_Criticism
• Project Gutenberg. Public domain http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16317/16317-h/16317-h.htm#CHAPTER_XIX
• Project Gutenberg. Public domain http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16317/16317-h/16317-h.htm#CHAPTER_XIX
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169. Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline
• Project Gutenberg. Public domain http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16317/16317-h/16317-h.htm#CHAPTER_XVIII
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Planning and Prewriting." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Planning_and_Prewriting
• Project Gutenberg. Public domain http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16317/16317-h/16317-h.htm#CHAPTER_XVIII
• Wikipedia. "Technical communication." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_communication
• Wikipedia. "Technical communication." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_communication
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Drafting." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Drafting
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Editing." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Editing
• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations#How_Will_You_Start_Your_Introduction.3F
• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations#Choosing_the_Type_of_Oral_Delivery
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Oral Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations#Do.27s_and_Don.27ts
• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations#Choosing_the_Type_of_Oral_Delivery
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Oral Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations#Do.27s_and_Don.27ts
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