A study to bring forward the real situation of rapes in India. We at Juxt decided to understand public perception and actual reported crime data better. Reason: We believed that there is lot more which needs to be told to the people of this country…

1. Rape in India
A study to bring forward the real situation in
India
An initiative of in public interest.

2. 16th Dec. incidence led to spontaneous
public outrage
• More than few 1000 Hours of airtime
was spent on TV discussing the issue
• More than 1000s of column centimeters
of newspaper space was dedicated to
this
• Hundreds of thousands of people spoke
on social media about the issue
• Opinion leaders including
journalists, politicians, celebrities, religio
us leaders spoke about it
• The general public took to the streets to
express their outrage
• Everyone had their reasons to contribute
their bit to it
Tag cloud created out of actual words used in social media between
16th Dec to 31st Dec 12, Source: Drizzlin Social Media Research
2

3. We at Juxt decided to understand
public perception and actual
reported crime data better.
Reason: We believed that there is lot
more which needs to be told to the
people of this country…

4. We launched a study…
• 25th December 2012 to 5th January 2013 among a random
sample (from our GetCounted Panel; and YouMint & Dinamalar
graciously helped)
• Made this sample representative of the “Urban Indian
Population” by applying appropriate multipliers derived by
comparing our sample with that of Indian Census 2011
estimates of Urban Indian population within every state
• Juxt’s survey among 5934 urban Indians demographically
represents 257.2 million urban individuals (68%
representation) out of the total 377 million urban
population
4

5. We also analyzed Govt. of India Crime
data
• National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) has been
compiling reported crime in the country since 1950
• This data available in the public domain may not
include all crimes or for that matter crimes against
women and more specifically all “Rape” cases in the
country reported at police stations, however it is good
enough to understand public perception against reality
• In fact we found some startling findings from this data
when we analyzed statistics related to rape between
2001 and 2011
5

6. Key findings from the study

7. NCRB data shows that rape has grown one
and a half times over last one decade…
• In 2001 rape was 7% of all violent crimes in India, in 2011 it is 9%
• While violent crime has grown 11% from 2001, rape has grown 51%
(Indian population has grown by 16% during the period)
16075 16373 15847 18233 18359 19348 20737 21467 21397 22172 24206
230930
221810
196550
208736
202640
205656
215613
228663
230500
241986
256329
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Rape in India
All Violent Crime in India
Source: NCRB, Violent Crimes, Incidence & Rate of violent Crimes (State/ UT & City wise) # RAPE (6), # TOTAL VIOLENT CRIMES (14) 7

8. Situation in some states is alarming
8
• In MP, reported rape
incidents have grown by
10% on an average every
year (2001-11 )
• The fastest growth of
reported rape incidences
(states reporting more than
30 cases in 2011) are
reported from
Tripura, Mizoram and
Madhya Pradesh
• For every 1 lakh people
Mizoram reported 7.1 rape
cases, Tripura (5.6), Assam
(5.5), MP (4.7), Meghalaya
(4.4), Chhattisgarh (4.1) in
year 2011
• Gujarat, Manipur and TN
had lowest growth in rapes
in that period
• Gujarat, Bihar have the
lowest rates (less than 1
per 1 lakh population)
Source: NCRB, Violent Crimes, Incidence & Rate of violent Crimes (State/ UT & City wise) # RAPE (6), 2011 Census

9. Rapes have grown faster in cities
• Bangalore, Chennai, Surat and Jaipur have seen
rapes more than double between 2001 and 2011
• Delhi’s rate (4.1 rape incidents per 1 lakh
population) is more than double that of any of the
other seven large cities
• Kollam (Kerala) has the highest reported rape
incidence (14 rape incidents per 1 lakh population)
9
Source: NCRB, Violent Crimes, Incidence & Rate of violent Crimes (State/ UT & City wise) # RAPE (6), 2011 Census

10. Unfortunately minors form 1/3rd of all
rape victims in this country…
• Though at overall
level minors as a
percentage of victims
looks like going down
over 10 years yet in
as many as 10
states/UTs, minors
constituted more
than half of the total
rape victims in 2011
• Both in Delhi (60%)
and Mumbai
(50%), majority of
reported rape victims
were minors
3% 3%
9% 7%
24%
19%
49%
55%
14% 15%
0.4% 1%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2001 2011
Above 50 years
30 to 50 years
18 to 30 years
14 to 18 years
10 to 14 years
Up to 10 years
10
Source: NCRB, Crime Against Women, Victims of Rape (also incest Rape cases) under
Different Age-Groups (State, UT & City-wise) # Age-Group-Wise Victims of Rape Cases

11. There are 15 states where 30%+ of the
victims reported rape in 2011 were
minors
11
• Mizoram, Delhi, UP, Meghalay
a and Maharashtra are states
where in 2011 almost half or
more victims were minors
• It is sad to find that in five
states at least 10% or more
victims are less than 10 years
oldSource: NCRB, Crime Against Women, Victims of
Rape (also incest Rape cases) under Different
Age-Groups (State, UT & City-wise)
# Age-Group-Wise Victims of Rape Cases

12. In Raipur 100% of the reported rape
victims in 2011 were minors
12
• There are at least 25 big towns where in 2011 more than 48% of victims were minors
(less than 18 years old)
• There are 5 towns where in 1/5th or more cases reported victims were less than 10 years
old
• In Kannnur and Chandigarh, 1/4th of the reported rape victims are less than 10 years old
Source: NCRB, Crime Against Women, Victims of
Rape (also incest Rape cases) under Different
Age-Groups (State, UT & City-wise)
# Age-Group-Wise Victims of Rape Cases

13. 42% urban Indians believe that law & order
situation has deteriorated
13
Projected Base (in Cr.) 25.7 16.5 9.3 4.3 3.8 7.9 6.0 2.3 1.4
19.3 17.4
22.7
0.0
16.2
22.7
30.8
13.3
28.9
23.0 29.3
11.9 55.6
16.8
12.2
22.2
20.5
8.0
23.1
28.5
13.6
17.2
32.4
16.8
19.4
29.9
56.4
12.4
10.0
16.7
0.8
11.9
23.6
6.9
17.2
2.2
22.2
14.9
35.1
26.4
22.7 24.7
20.7 19.2
4.6
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
All Male Female Up to 18
yrs
19-24
yrs
25-35
yrs
36-45
yrs
46-55
yrs
Above
55 yrs
Don't know
Improved (become
better)
Remained good
Remained bad
Deteriorated (gone
worse)
Juxt Survey: Q. The law & order situation in your locality over last one year has:
• In our survey of
5934 people
equivalent of
25Cr urban
Indians, 23% of
females feel
that the law
and order
situation has
deteriorated
• Most of the 36
to 45 yrs. (52%)
old believe it
has
deteriorated

14. People blame rape on light punishment
• Our survey respondents blamed “light punishment” as the biggest reason
• In North & South, respondents said societal attitude is the second biggest reason; in
East & West, crimes not being reported, is identified as a big reason
14
53.7
50.0
60.5
54.7
46.4
40.0
19.9
20.6
18.6
19.2
25.5
29.8
15.7 18.4
10.9
15.8
15.2
13.1
8.3 8.8 7.6 8.0 10.5 15.8
2.3 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 1.2
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
All Male Female Up to
Graduate
Grad/PG
(General)
Grad/PG
(Professional)
Others
Because of lack of
conviction in such
cases
Because most rapes
don't get reported
It is a reflection of
the attitude towards
women
Because of light
punishment
Projected Base (in Cr.) 25.7 16.5 9.3 23.1 2.2 0.5
Juxt Survey Q. What according to you is the biggest reason?

15. They think stricter punishment is the
solution
• There is a
gender divide
when it comes
to other
solutions.
Women believe
respect for
women at
home will help;
men think
better
conviction rate
is the solution
• Young seek a
legal solution;
older (46+)
think
fundamental
changes are
needed
15
81.6 82.8
79.5 81.0
87.5 87.2
42.1 40.6
45.0
41.4
47.7
51.3
39.0
32.5
50.6
38.8 39.7
43.0
33.8 35.4
31.1
34.3
29.9 31.029.3
31.8
24.7
28.4
35.1
45.6
14.5 15.5
12.7 14.2
17.1
15.0
13.4 11.1
17.4
13.0
17.1
14.4
2.3 3.3
0.4
2.4 1.1
3.1
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
All Male Female Up to
Graduate
Grad/PG
(General)
Grad/PG
(Professional)
Stricter punishment for criminals Right education
Respect to women at home Educate & empower women
Better rate of conviction of accused Political power for women
Financial independence for women Others
Projected Base (in Cr.) 25.7 16.5 9.3 23.1 2.2 0.5
Juxt Survey: Q. What do you think is the solution?

16. However, proportion of offenders known to
victims is been going up!
• In more than 90% of cases, the offenders were known to the victims
• In 40% of the cases, they were family members or neighbours
• Absolute number of neighbours as offenders has gone up by 81% over 2001
16
16%
7%
84%
93%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2001 2011
Offender
known to
victim
Offenders
unknown
to victim
49.1% 53.2%
26.9%
32.4%
5.3%
6.4%
2.7%
1.1%
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
2001 2011
Parents/Clos
e Family
Members
Relatives
Neightbour
Other known
person
Source: NCRB, Crime Against Women, Offenders Relation & Nearness to Rape Victims (State, UT & City-wise)

17. Key Question:
If of the reported cases, 93% offenders are
known to victims then how many cases in this
country goes unreported?
17

18. People think right punishment is ‘death penalty’
or ‘castration’
18
47
42
55
48
56
50
46
27
33
34
34
34
40 26
30
28
52
50
15
19
9 12
15
14
21
16 9
1 1
0
0
1
1
1 0
2
4 4 2 0 2
5 4 4 7
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Total
Male
Female
Upto18yrs
19-24yrs
25-35yrs
36-45yrs
46-55yrs
Above55yrs
Others
Current punishment is
ok
Life imprisonment
Castration/any other
such punishment that
humiliates them
Capital punishment
(death)
Juxt survey: Q. What do you think is the right punishment for the rapists?
• Cutting across all
groups, majority of
the respondents
ask for stricter
punishment.
• As many as 55% of
females seek death
penalty for the
rapists, with little
variation across any
group
Projected Base (in Cr.) 25.7 16.5 9.3 4.3 3.8 7.9 6.0 2.3 1.4

19. In fact, for last 10 years about 74% of the reported
rape offenders never got convicted in India… @#$%
• Only riots have a
lowest conviction
rate among violent
crimes
• Speed of trial is the
other big issue. 84%
of the rape cases
that the courts
received (including
those pending from
previous years) were
pending at the end
of 2011
19
93.1 94.7 94 94.2 95.5 NA 94.6 93.9 94.2 94.5 93.8
26.1 26.4 26.1 25.2 25.5
NA
26.4 26.6 26.9 26.6 26.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Rape case charge sheet filing rate
Rape case final conviction rate
Source: NCRB, Disposal of Cases by Police & courts, Chargesheeting rate of IPC Crimes (State/UT wise, Crime Head-wise), Conviction rate of
IPC crimes (State & UT wise, Crime Head wise), Data for year 2006 is not available

20. Key Question:
Isn’t it more important to bring the offenders
to book first rather than get the punishment
rule changed?
20

21. We have a bigger problem -- "every one out of five
violent crimes committed by juveniles is a rape"
• Rape is the second biggest violent crime committed by juveniles (grown
188% over 2001)
• About 64% of all juvenile crimes are committed by 16-18 year olds
• In fact, the total crimes committed by 7-16 year olds have actually
come down between 2001-2011
21
Source: NCRB, Juvenile Delinquency, Juvenile Delinquency under different Crime Heads (IPC) (State, UT & City wise); Juveniles Apprehended
under IPC Crimes by Age Groups & Sex (State, UT & City wise)
399 485 466 568 586 746 776 798 858 1149
16075 16373 15847 18233 18359 19348 20737 21467 21397 22172 24206
23597 25016 24709 24740 25379 26899 29771 30962 28977 27471 30766
230930 221810 196550 208736 202640 205656 215613 228663 230500 241986 256329
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
LogarithimicScale
Rape offender is a Juvenile
Total rape cases
Total Juvenile apprehended
Total Violent Offence
Growth over 2001
- 188%
- 51%
- 30%
- 11%

22. Key Question:
Is the crime by juveniles are really growing or
it is the lawyers who use it as an easy route?
22

23. Thankfully, one third of us have hope
for positive changes…
23Juxt Survey Q. Do you think after all the protests, the govt. will_____?
• The older they are the more expectation they have from the recent protest
• Relatively more females believe that the protest will lead Govt. to surely do
something substantial to tackle the issue
Projected Base (in Cr.) 25.7 16.5 9.3 4.3 3.8 7.9 6.0 2.3 1.4
36.1 31.8
43.8
27.1
46.8
38.6
32.3
45.6
22.3
29.7 35.2
20.0 53.7
24.0
27.8
24.3
15.6
27.8
12.3
15.1
7.4
18.4
11.6
9.7
15.4 3.3
11.4
21.9 18.0
28.8
0.8
17.6
24.0 28.0
35.5 38.5
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
All
Male
Female
Upto18
yrs
19-24yrs
25-35yrs
36-45yrs
46-55yrs
Above55
yrs
Surely do something
substantial to tackle the
issue
Will manage to improve
the situation to some
extent
Will take some steps on
paper but that will not
result in much
Will act on this case but
will not do any major
systemic change

24. Looks like we have a much bigger
problems to deal with… than just
asking to change some
punishment rules.
Thank you.
24
Analytics partner Social media partner Survey sampling partner