To determine student\'s attitude towards student service department and feasibility of implementing social network services into student service department\'s system. note that the report have different demographics therefore not suitable for every school.
![Table of Contents<br />Turnitin ReceiptDeclaration FormTable of ContentsExecutive Summary1.0 Background Information2.0 Problem Definition and Research Objectives3.0 Literature Review4.0 Research Questions 4.1 Hypotheses5.0 Research Design 5.1 Type of Research 5.2 Information Needed 5.3 Scaling Techniques 5.4 Data Collection Method 5.5 Sampling Procedure6.0 Research Results 6.1 Demographic Profile of Respondent 6.2 Analysis 6.21 Cross-tab & Chi Square 6.22 Cross-tab & Chi Square 6.23 MANOVA 6.24 MANOVA 6.25 MANOVA7.0 Conclusions and Recommendations8.0 Limitations9.0 Reference List10.0 Appendices<br />Executive Summary<br />This report is prepared for the objective to find out how Student Service Department should introduce the service of PrePARE.<br />The research is conducted based on personal interview survey of 363 respondents of Sunway VU students. <br />The study found out that generally students who have heard about the Sunway’s services before will be more involved in the services.<br />Younger generation have more creativity while the slightly mature have more efficient computing skills.<br />We recommend Student Services Department to increase awareness and to recruit younger students for designing the new service.<br />The research project cannot be used for other purposes as the sample size does not represent the other research.<br />,[object Object],Sunway PrePARE career services under Student Service Department unit which help equip graduating students with techniques that’ll allow the participating student to have an edge before the employment stage. To put it simply, the service enables students to experience the real world and have a drill before the real deal. The PrePARE career service also supports Alumni Office. The alliance of the duo invoked additional synergy as PrePARE career centre is able to gain more network and employee relations from Alumni while in return Alumni office is able to provide unemployed Alumni to establish careers or give existing students some insight about certain industries. <br />Even though the concept itself is fantastic, the rise of social networking, instant online messenger and new information technologies has dracastically changed the way students communicate. As a consequence, Student Services Department was unable to perfectly convey their services and information to all the students. Due to socio technological change, portion of student enjoy introvert method of communication which is through a communication vehicle that doesn’t require face to face verbal form talk. The students prefer multi-function social networks as technology has enabled it to become instant, efficient and cheap. Therefore, Student Service Department and Alumni office ought to find a way to keep up with socio and technological environment only can continue to “connect and build”.<br />2.0 Problem Definition and Research Objectives<br />The Objectives are:<br />to gain better understanding of how to engage with students and graduates in today’s fast changing electronic communication environment <br />to embrace the use of new media and technology to promote and deliver Student Services<br />to be ever more efficient and effective in the way Students Services Department promotes and delivers services to students and graduates <br />to maximize students and graduate participation in the student activities <br />3.0 Literature Review<br />The use of technology in education, commonly defined as e - learning, has become a standard component in many courses. However the use of technology is not limited to e - learning. According to Social Networking and Higher Education Report (ELI, 2007, p. 2).Today, social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace are incredibly popular among students. These social networking sites provide great opportunity to “facilitate a strong sense of community among students” and encourage “social presence that can lead to the creation of new knowledge and collective intelligence through effective delivery of the information.” (ELI, 2007, p. 2).Previous studies indicate that social presence leads to reduced feelings of isolation and detachment while simultaneously encouraging student interaction and participation in student services delivered online.<br /> On the other hand, previous studies indicates that as an important component of learning, interpersonal relationship may foster the exchange of information and knowledge, or may enhance learning motivations. Such a role could not be easily transferred to computer technology. Nevertheless, today capabilities of social networking in terms of information transfer are undeniable and expecting to grow even further in coming decades. Few issues are to be examined beforehand to determine the feasibility of online career searching add on service.<br />One issue arises that is to successfully implement innovation to a company’s component, management must utilize the suitable manpower to fit in with certain positions so as to effectively finish the job and handle underlying oppositions among the department. Innovation strategies also require additional funds and it does not necessarily prove success.<br />A new communication technology usually takes years to mature and to be accepted by majority of the society. Although opportunities can be identified, threats always come along with it. Information technologies especially, will deal with two main risk aspects which the first one is personal security based risk. Users will be exposed to personal identification risk as the identity are viewable all over the internet, it will be unsafe if the identity data falls into the wrong hands. Shrewd hackers will be able to extract data as using information technology, the manager have to place all the data into one database. Second risk arise indirectly from socio, provided that the Sunway Student Department successfully implemented the program on social networking, it will associates Sunway Student Service Department as ‘tech-savvy’, ’innovative’, ‘follow the trend’ and ‘convenient’. However, take a different viewpoint from the optimistic side, management would have to maintain a cost on IT staff, future unknown costs and a barrier to exit as not only students, even stakeholders are aware of the service, therefore it is not easy to pull out once implemented.<br />In Porter’s value chain, the theory suggests that by adding a feature that is unique to one of the chain in operations will gradually increase the final profitability as the business may be able to add certain amount of value on to the end user. Therefore, the implementation of the online Student Service Department PrePARE Program may be able to serve this purpose. If Sunway were to put aside profitability as priority, this innovative add on can serve as a ‘culture’ in the organization or current education industry and the decision will allow Sunway to outshine competitors as this add on could allow Sunway to be an industry leader that ‘first’ to move on to new technologies.<br />4.0 Research Questions<br />To determine the feasibility, the upcoming research should focus on parts that will allow internal success in VU Sunway students before implementing to the whole school. Therefore our questions narrow down to:<br />Q1. What is the usage habit of internet of VU Sunway student?<br />Q2. Does nationality have differences in level on information searching?<br />Q2. Does heard any Sunway services before will give favorable impression on Student Services Department?<br />Q3.Does age group effects efficiency of using internet?<br />Q4 How does creativity of using information technology differs?<br />4.1 Hypotheses<br />Based on the research questions, the hypothesis conducted as follows<br />H1: Time for searching information on student services is different among ethnicity<br />H2: Male and female have different level of awareness on student services <br />H3: Students who have heard about Sunway Alumni will feel the Student Service Department’s service is more important<br />H4: The linear combination of technology ability generate significant difference among gender<br />H5: The linear combination of technology ability has indications of imbalance among age groups<br />H6: Semester intakes have different capability of using the information technology<br />5.0 Research design<br />5.1 Type of Research<br />This study was conducted using the descriptive research methodology, with the collection of quantitative data. A questionnaire was designed starting with screening questions, followed by close ended questions, open ended questions and optional questions. There were a few questions that a simple skip pattern was used, such as question, whereby if the respondent would be redirected to another question based on his or her response,. Other questions that had a skip pattern were questions 19 and 21. And there were a few demographic questions at the end of the questionnaire.<br />5.2 Information Needed<br />This research tried to investigate why, when how students would like to find out about the services of Student Services Department and identify new media technology which could be used to enhance promotion and delivery of services by student services.<br />5.3 Scaling Techniques<br />The attitudinal questions, consisted of a question to which there were statements that the respondent could respond according to an itemized rating scale ranging from not important at all, not important somewhat unimportant, neutral , somewhat important, important, very important, and not applicable. The questionnaire also used a 5-point Likert scale technique in question 10, starting with strongly disagree, disagree, disagree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree, agree somewhat agree and strongly disagree. Additionally survey included open ended questions such as Q.11 .Q12 .Q14 <br />5.4 Data Collection Method<br />This study was conducted by the Victoria University students and required approximately 15 minutes to administer. The questionnaire was administered by way of a face-to-face interview with the respondents. The interviewee would be given a card that contained the options for the questions read out by the interviewer and the respondents would give their opinion of the statements, according to the scale used for the particular question. The interpersonal nature of the interview allowed the interviewer to explain the statements to the respondents should they require any assistance.<br />5.5 Sampling Procedure<br />Each student taking the Advanced Marketing Research module had six copies of the questionnaire to administer to five random respondents. The respondents were filtered for suitability for the survey with the filter questions asked at the beginning of the interview. The respondents that have taken part in the survey were not interviewed again as part of the study. Each questionnaire took about approximately 15 minutes to administer. The sample size however, was relatively small and was deemed as not representative of the population but did give a certain amount of insight on the subject of the motivations and helping behavior of the students towards services provided by Student Services Department.<br />6.0 Research Results<br />6.1 Demographic Profile of Respondent<br />There were total of 363 VU Sunway campus students participated in this research study (Appendix 1, Table 1.1-Appendix 3, Table 3.4). From the frequencies, it shows that there are more females (52.3%) participants than males (47.7%) and mostly are in the age group of 20-22 (78.8%). This study also shows that Sunway VU has a very good reputation overseas as nearly half of the students are offshore (48.8%). Most of the VU students make their way into Sunway using Year 12 or equivalent results (65%), furthermore majority concentrate on their studies doing full time course (96.7%). To differentiate the participants, 43.2% comes from Accounting, Banking & Finance or Accounting/Banking & Finance (Double Major), 40.8% are taking Marketing, International Trade or Marketing/International Trade (Double Major), 12.4% takes Finance Risk Management or takes a double degree along with Banking & Finance, the remaining 3.6% have not decided their major as they are still in first year of studies or uncertain about their future.<br />The internet usage habit of VU Sunway students from the research data suggests that 93.1% of the students have the urge to online in a daily basis. The venue varies however majority (66.1%) selected home as their most frequent place to access to the internet. The data also points out that students only spend 1.1% of the time searching for job, students rather spend more time on socializing (67.8%), studying (6.7%), accessing emails (5.8%), daily news reading (10.7%). Therefore, minority of the time is allocated for job searching. The service that Student Service Department provides can perfectly fit in this gap, realizing the students are not taking precaution before workplace. However Student Service Department should take note that the fact socializing has picked up and become main communication platform among students.<br />Concerning student’s awareness towards Student Service Department, Sunway Alumni and its services, the data shows that half of the students (50.7%) knows about the Sunway Alumni however only 38.7% of the student knows about the Sunway PrePARE Career Service offered by Student Service Department. But, when VU sunway students are being enquired about do they wish to be notified of job opportunities, only 11.6% rejected. It meant that students are positive about add on service provided by the school. According to majority of students, it is best to search for information regarding career during the third year or after the course is completed (74.6%). Taking the basic results into consideration, Student Service Department should increase awareness and promote the benefits of early job search. However the issue is where and how Student Service Department should start off?<br />Table 6.1<br />Ranking of ServiceRankMeanRank for Twitter16.77Rank for On-line discussion, workshops or tutorials26.68Rank for Letter in the mail35.30Rank for Speak with a sunway Career Services staff44.66Rank for Sunway Career Services website54.60Rank for Announcements made in class by lecturers64.58Rank for Social networking sites (eg. Facebook, Myspace)74.42Rank for Student email (iMail)84.09Rank for Announcement on eLearn or Blackboard93.88Rank for Other method10.85<br />Continuing from the topic above, Student Service Department should consider sending information through twitter (social networking site, with a mean of 6.77), online discussion (forum), workshop or tutorials in school, or letter in the mail. Although students immerse in social networking sites, it is still not recommended to serve as information vehicle yet, as students currently just give it a ranking at 7. Students still will go for Sunway Career Service website or even listen to staffs and lecturers for advice rather than receiving information from social networking updates. The possible explanation would be, social networking still exhibits possible leaks of information and the students although naïve, however not dimwitted enough to allow future career opportunities overtaken due to network leaks.<br />Table 6.2<br />Service likely to useRankMeanCareer Fair13.80Internships23.80Career Exploration Programme33.53PRePARE Job Centre (Online Job Portal)43.51Resume Critique Sessions53.45Employability Enhancement Programmes63.43Mock Interview Sessions73.40<br />According to the table above, students ranked their preferred service as ‘career fair’ and ‘internships’, followed by ‘career exploration programme’ and only the ‘PrePARE Job Centre’ comes in as third preferred choice, the remaining are ‘resume critique sessions’, ‘employability enchancement programmes’ and ‘mock interview sessions’. From this study, Student Service Department can consider reduce the amount of the least preferred services so as not to waste additional resources and able to allocate the cost to the priority ones or to the expansion of the PrePare job centre.<br />Table 6.3Likely to useRankMeanRank of Twitter14.11Rank of Letter in the mail23.33Rank of Sunway University College & Alumni website33.03Rank of Social networking sites (eg. facebook, Myspace)42.53Rank of Email52.01Rank of Other6.41<br />Another section which asks about ‘how student would like to receive information’ comes out with the similar respond of the student given in the first table above (Table 6.1). ‘Twitter’ still goes in number one in ranking, ‘letter in mail’ ranked second, respective website ranked third and ‘social networking’ still ranked fourth in another section of responds. This shows that students are consistent about their answers and it is a good sign that the students are seriously treating this questionnaire and we can get accurate idea from this questionnaire. The students ranked the given option not out of the blue, there is a consistent pattern as students do rank the same items when the given options are excluded in the second ranking respond.<br />6.2 Analysis<br />Testing Hypothesis 1&2 (Cross tabulation and Chi-Square Tests)<br />H1: Time for searching information on student services is different among ethnicity<br />Q4 Are you an International student (non-resident)? * Q13 Best time to search for information regarding career options <br />It has been observed that significance value is .394.In order to be significant Sig.value has to be less than .05 so it can be indicated that result is not significant. Therefore proportion of international students does not significantly different from proportion of local students when it comes to best time to search for information regarding career options.<br />It can be further elaborated that 8.1 per cent of local students first 16.1 per cent of local students second 56.5 per cent of local students third year and 19.4 per cent of local students plan to search for information regarding to career options after they graduate. Whereas 5.7 per cent of international students first 21 per cent of international students second year 50.6 per cent of international students third and 22.7 per cent of international students plans to search for information regarding career options after graduation<br />H2 : Male and female have different level of awareness on student services <br />Q34 Gender * Q27 Have you heard about the Sunway Alumni?<br />Associated value indicates that associated significance value is .003 which is smaller than 05.So it can be mentioned that proportion of male students does differ compare to female students when it comes to awareness about Sunway Alumni.It can be further indicated that 57.8 percent of male students did not hear about Sunway Alumni. Whereas 41.6 percent of female students did not hear about Sunway Alumni.<br />Q34 Gender * Q20 Have you used any of the services offered by the Sunway PRePARE Career Services?<br />It indicated that associated significance value is .001 which is smaller than 05. So it can be mentioned that proportion of male students does differ compare to female students when it comes to using any service offered by Sunway PRePARE Career Services..It can be further indicated that 91.4 percent of male students did use any service offered by the Sunway PRePARE. Whereas 71.4 percent of female students did not use any service offered by Sunway PRePARE<br />So to further understand the overall perception towards Student Service Department and to determine whatever feasibility, we conduct a MANOVA on the 20 items in the study. <br />Reliability (Appendix 5, Table 5.1- Table 5.5)<br />The Cronbach’s Alpha is .697 (<0.7), it indicates that the data is reliable. Thus it also means that the scale was reliable with internal consistency within the six items.<br />Factor Analysis (Appendix 5, Table 5.1- Table 5.5)<br />The KMO and Barlett’s Test of Shpericity was used to determine factorability. The KMO had a value of 0.835 (> 0.6), which means the factorability is assured. The factor analysis produced 3 factors with eigenvalue bigger than 1 and explaining 46.36% of the total variance in the data. Factor 1 was the most dominant factor with the total variance of 21.27%. Items with cross loadings less than0.1 were removed. There are 20 items relate to perception. From the rotated factor matrix, we realized that the factor distributes in the table below.<br />FactorInitial Eigen-valueMain item (with factor loading in parenthesis)Imperative6.563Q26_1 important .706Q26_4 means a lot to me .600Q26_6 valuable .581Q26_8 beneficial .649Q26_9 matters to me .649Q26_11 significant .668Q26_12 vital .581Q26_16 appealing .556Q26_18 essential .691Q26_20 wanted .613Boring3.022Q26_10 uninteresting .630Q26_13 boring .730Q26_14 unexciting .757Q26_15 not needed.530Q26_17 mundane .569Q26_19 undesirable .565Irrelevant1.281Q26_2 of no concern to me .526Q26_3 irrelevant .628Q26_7 trivial .591Q26_5 useless .502<br />Average Linear Composite<br />The Pre-MANOVA preparation is performed to gain average values of the items for the factor to facilitate MANOVA. The factor ‘imperative’ have 10 loadings while ‘boring’ have 6 and ‘irrelevant’ have 4. So, the sum of the respective factors is divided by their respective loadings. For instance the ‘imperative’ factor has to be divided by 10 as it has 10 loadings. So on and so forth.<br />MANOVA (Appendix 7, Table 7.1 – 7.7)<br />The MANOVA was performed to investigate relation between students who know about Sunway Alumni and perception towards Student Services Department. Three dependent variables used are imperative, boring and irrelevant. The model is shown as: <br />. Y 1+Y 2+Y 3X<br />In descriptive statistic, cell size of descriptive statistic is bigger than 30, therefore normality and equality of variance are not going to be a problem. Assumption testing Box’s M test equality of variance covariance matrix was used to determine violation of homogeneity. In our test, it shows sig value of 0.063 which is bigger than 0.001, therefore there is no violation.<br />Second test, Levene’s test of univariate equality of variance for ‘imperative’, ‘boring’ and ‘irrelevant’ is 0.436, 0.392, and 0.297. All have sig value greater than 0.05 which means they also do not violate the equality of variance for the three factors.<br />Third test, multivariate test indicates whether there were significant differences among the group on linear combination of the dependent variables in this case gender and perception. It shows Wilks Lambda is 0.989 with significant value with the significant value of 0.004 which is less than 0.05 meaning that we can conclude that there were significant differences among the group on linear combination of the dependent variables.<br />Lastly, test of Between subjects effect. The results showed that the factors were not very significant with the sig value of 0.114, 0.095 and 0.329 respectively. Therefore we assume that students who have or have not heard of Sunway Alumni are not significantly different in their perception towards Student Services Department.<br />Nonetheless, we check our estimated marginal means. Even though the test indicates no significant differences, it shows that those who heard about Sunway Alumni treat Student Services Department as more important (7.745 > 7.504 No) while those who heard before also thinks that Student Services Department’s services are boring (3.880 > 3.702 No). However, students still feels that the service is relevant to them (3.733> 3.629 Yes).<br />MANOVA Model 2<br />Another MANOVA was tested to prove whether there’s a relationship between creativity and age, gender and semester intake. It also will indicate that whether age, gender and semester intake differences will affect efficiency using information technology.<br />Reliability<br />The initial Cronbach’s alpha for the 10 factors was 0.66, however using the total statistics table, we can see that if we delete Q10_7 we can get cronbach’s alpha of 0.711. Therefore we do not include Q10_7 in our factor analysis to make the data more reliable and factorable.<br />Factor analysis<br />From the KMO and Barlett’s Test, that is 0.709 and 0.000 give us a good idea that this data is factorable and appropriate for the test. From the 9 items we loaded, the factor analysis produced two factors with eigenvalue greater than one which explained 47.88% of total variance in the data. The rotated factor matrix explains the factorization of the items in two factors that we compress details in this table below:<br />FactorInitial Eigen-valueMain item (with factor loading in parenthesis)Sleek2.608I can easily use the Web to find information on products/services (0.733) I usually have no problems finding specific websites (0.622)I feel comfortable searching the World Wide Web on my own (0.733)I am able to use the Web on my own to locate career sites (0.491)Innovative1.736I heard about a new type of information technology, I would look for ways to experiment with it (0.767)Among my peers, I am usually one of the first to try out new information technologies (0.742)I like to experiment with new information technologies (0.657)<br />MANOVA (Appendix 8, Table 8.1 – 8.7) (Appendix 9, Table 9.1 – 9.7)<br />As usual, the average linear composite was computed before MANOVA, we skip the details here and go into the main point. The multivariate analysis of variance analysis was performed to reveal if the creativity and efficiency is associated with gender. The dependent variable used was ‘efficient’ and ‘innovative’, the independent variable was age group, gender and semester intake all conducted individualy. MANOVA Model:<br /> <br />EFFICIENT+INNOVATIVEGender<br />In this MANOVA, the cell size of the descriptive statistics are bigger than 30, it means that normality and equality of variance would not cause problems. In Box’s M test, it shows the significant value for gender is 0.454, which is greater than 0.001 and with that homogeneity of variance-covariance matrices assumption was checked with no serious violations noted.<br />Proceeding to Levene’s test to check for equality of error variances for gender, ‘Sleek’ gives 0.957 while ‘Innovative’ gives 0.370. Both factors have the sig value larger than 0.05 thus they do not violate the assumption of equality variance for that variable.<br />We go on to multivariate test, it shows that Wilk’s Lambda is 0.938 while p-value is 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05. This proves that there were significant group differences on the linear combination of the dependent variables. In the test between subject effects, it is found that the only factor ‘Innovative’ is significant. This indicates that the male and female had significant difference in level of innovation. <br />Lastly, we examine the estimated marginal means, it shows that males has higher mean (1.753 > 1.562 female) towards innovative. Therefore, males are slightly creative towards information technology.<br />EFFICIENT+INNOVATIVEAge Group<br />The following MANOVA is tested to generate whether age group shows any differences using the same factor ‘sleek’ and ‘innovative’. The data given for age was originally scattered from 19 – 27, therefore it is recoded into 4 groups which are ‘19 – 20’, ‘21’, ‘22’, and ‘23 and above’. The grouping is differentiated according to possible year attending in VU Sunway courses, include exceptional mature students. Starting the test, normality and equalities are checked and it shows no problems as the Box’s M test is 0.143 (> 0.001).<br />Levene’s test shows no problem with equality of error variances for age group, ‘sleek’ shows 0.644 and ‘innovative’ shows 0.155. The factors are larger than 0.05 and it proves feasible.<br />In the multivariate section, Wilk’s Lambda proves to be .935 while significant level is .000. The result shows that this MANOVA has significant different among the variables. Proceeding to test Between subjects, it indicates that ‘sleek’ and ‘innovative’ are significantly different among ‘age group’. The data shows .048 for ‘sleek’ and .006 for ‘innovative’. <br />Scanning through both means, the table indicates that the age group’ 23 and above’ have the highest mean of 3.976 in ‘sleek’ factor, while the ‘innovative’ side, the age group ‘19 – 20’ accounts for highest mean of 1.841. The result shows that younger group have more creativity however older group exercise greater efficiency.<br />EFFICIENT+INNOVATIVESemester Intake<br />The final linear combination was tested to prove the hypothesis while proving the age groups too as semester intake directly have the relationship with age. The result from Box’s M test (.249 > .001) suggests that MANOVA is feasible as every data is normal. Then Levene’s test also shows healthy signs of .736 for ‘sleek’ and .268 for ‘innovative’.<br />In the multivariate test, Wilk’s Lambda shows .901 with sig value of .000 which we can conclude that there are imbalance between semester intakes. In test Between subjects effect, the sig value for both are .007 and .001. It meant that both ‘sleek’ and ‘innovative’ have significant imbalance. To determine how large the differences are, we can see in the estimated mean that sixth semester have a mean of 4.000 while other students have merely around 3.72 in the sleek factor, while in the ‘innovative’ factor second semester have the highest mean of 1.853, comparing with the other students the difference is around 0.1 – 0.2 mean difference. The results shows that smaller semester intake students exhibit more innovation while high semester intake can operate systems at faster paced speed.<br />7.0 Conclusions and Recommendations<br />Conclusion<br />From the research, major findings have revealed that the factor associated with involvement is significantly related whether the student is aware of Sunway’s Alumni service. Most students think that the Student service department’s PrePARE is important while at the same time, boring. However not many students feel that it is irrelevant to them.<br />Secondly, the research shows that male and female have different creativity level. Male are more innovative than female when using technology. Another thing to take note is, the result show that the younger you are, to more creativity the student will exhibit. While the older the student is, the faster he will do his work.<br />It is also suggested that nationality does not affect the awareness.<br />Recommendations<br />Student Services Department should consider the possibility of carrying out electronic communication as most students uses internet daily. Students in Sunway VU knows about the existence of Student Services Department, however majority of the students are unsure about the programs Student Services Department offered, therefore Student Services Department can think about using electronic communication method as cheap, lightweight and fast advertising method. As for the platform, Student Services Department can consider the usage of Social Networking such as facebook to reach more students. <br />Student Services Department need not be too focused on genders, nationality or age because they have no significant difference over their knowledge and involvement in Student Services Department. However student will not repel Student Services Department’s advertising as most of the student has a positive attachment towards Student Services Department.<br />The department should increase awareness to students as the more students are aware of the service, the more important the student will think the service is. Meanwhile, the department should increase the fun in the service as students that are aware of the service also feel that it is boring. Therefore it is suggested to use media richness in the service to gain attraction of the students.<br /> Another thing to take note of is if Student Services Department is really keen on using information technology as communication platform, they should consider assign more male staff or lower semester students as they are will be more innovative and can brainstorm more creative and attractive ideas or methods in networking that may achieve maximum results with minimum effort. <br />8.0 Limitations<br />Inaccurate information from the survey<br />The respondent could be untruthful, biased or no response in answering the question available in the questionnaire. Generally, this occurs when the respondent is uncomfortable or unwilling to answer the question. In addition, there is a possibility that the respondent misinterpret the meaning of the question. As a result, the answers given may not be relevant to the question asked.<br />Recording error<br />There is a possibility of inputting error since the data collected have to be transferred into the computer to generate the data. Inputting error could be due to carelessness.<br />Model error<br />Due to the fast expanding social network and media, several models were introduced to explain the mushrooming of social media. However, there are model which does not seem to be powerful enough for explanation. From the points stated above, it was impossible to avoid such problems occurred. It does not always guarantee to get a perfect model to explain the research topic. As no major issues occurred in the research, the results of the study are useable.<br />](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/amrfinal-12868731872945-phpapp02/85/advanced-marketing-research-final-1-320.jpg)
