use for MOE

1. SekolahMenengah Sayyidina Othman Tutong ‘The oath of amanat’ The Reign of Sultan Abdul Momin (1852-1885)

2. Contents Sultan Abdul Momin (1852-1885) Loss of Brunei’s Territories (1853-1884) The Declaration of Amanat Summary Questions

4. He ruled from 1852-1885

5. He was the son of PengiranShahbandarPengiranAnak Abdul Wahab

7. 1861, James Brooke persuaded Sultan to give areas of Rajang to Bintulu River, including Mukah and Oya This was supported by the British Sultan received $4,500 but Brunei lost of its sago production The Treaty 1855, Sultan has to give 7 districts of Rajang includes Rajang, Kalakah, Lingga, Saribas, Sadong, Sekrang and Samarahan Sultan received $1500 annually

8. Loss of North Borneo (Sabah) to the British To counter balance made by James Brooke, the British made an agreement with the sultan July 1865, Sultan Abdul Momin had to sign an agreement in leasing North Borneo (Sabah) to Clause Lee Moses, the United States Council General in Brunei Sultan received $ 4,500 annually and $4,000 to PengiranTemenggongAnakHashim

9. 1865, C.L Moses sold North Borneo to W.J Torrey (American Businessman who formed American Trading Company of Borneo) After 10 years, in 1875, Torrey sold the land to Baron Von Overbeck (Austrian Council in Hongkong) Overbeck sold the land to Alfred Dent, a British merchant and formed a company North Borneo (Chartered ) Company in November 1881

11. The Sultan seek for British’s help and as a result, Charles Brooke was banned from taking more territories in the next 10 yearsHe failed

13. PengiranBendahara

14. PengiranPemanchaSultan received $3,000 annually

15. Map of losses Brunei’s territories 1865-1881 1882 1905 1884 1861 1890 1853 1846 James Brooke Charles Brooke British

18. The Oath of Amanat It was an agreement between the Sultan and the Wazirs, Menterisand the holders of Tulin rights. Declared by Sultan Abdul Mominon 20 February 1885 / 6 Jamadil–Awal 1302 H Purpose NOT to cede or lease any of the remaining territories of Brunei to foreign powers.

21. Britain did not take the Amanat seriously, therefore the British North Borneo Company and Charles Brooke demanded more lands

22. Brunei had no sophisticated weapons to fight while Brooke and the British North Borneo Company could use steam warships and more powerful gunsvS

24. Summary of the lost of Brunei’s territories

26. British ignorance

27. Brunei have no sophisticated weapons like the WesternersIneffective

28. Questions Was Charles Brooke an opportunist? Cite evidence to support/oppose the view What were the impacts of the coming of the Brooke’s family to Brunei? Why was the Amanat introduced? Was the Amanat successful to prevent Brunei from losing any of its territories? Describe. List and explain the reasons for the Amanat to be ineffective Draw a map of Brunei in the 19th century and label the areas that were taken by the Brooke’s family