""Tangkilikan"means patronage. This is symbolized as patriotism, economic nationalism and progress.

1. Tang kilikan Economics
Prof. Jorge V. Sibal
<sibal_jorge@yahoo.com >

2. What is
Tang kilikan Economics
 Tang kilikan means patronag e. As an
old definition, Tang kilikan means
reciprocating what benefits you hav e
receiv ed.
 Tang kilikan als o means patriotis m or
nationalis m. It means lov ing or
patronizing firs t and foremos t what is
your own and not of others .

3. Theoretical Foundations of
Tang kilikan
 Tang kilikan economics means
patronizing firs t and foremos t what you
produce in order to s pur and dev elop
your economy. It is rooted in the
philos ophy of mercantilis m.
 Mercantilis m adv ocates “produce more
in order to buy les s ”. In doing this , the
economy accumulates s urplus es which
are needed to finance dev elopment and
indus trialization.

4. Theoretical Foundations of
Tang kilikan
 Tang kilikan economics is therefore
the philos ophy behind economic
nationalis m.
 Economic nationalis m, on the other
hand, is the ideolog y of national
indus trialization and economic
dev elopment.

5. Other Dimensions of
Tang kilikan
 Tang kilikan is not only limited to
economics . It has als o dimens ions in
culture and politics .
 Tang kilikan culture means being
proud of the pos itive s ide of
Philippine culture like lang uag e,
his tory, arts , mus ic, cinema,
literature, traditions , beliefs , norms ,
habits , etc.

6. Other Dimensions of
Tang kilikan
 Tang kilikan politics does not mean
patronag e politics where the political
lords (dynas tic elites ) take care of
their underling s (us ually relativ es ,
clos e friends and cronies ). The latter
reciprocates throug h blind loyalty to
their political patron.

7. Other Dimensions of
Tang kilikan
 Tang kilikan politics means g ood
g ov ernment and a civ il s erv ice
g ov erned by rules and reg ulations .
 It als o means a g ov ernment that g iv es
priority and protection to its citizens ,
workers , bus ines s men and
profes s ionals ov er non-F ilipinos .

8. The Modern Tang kilikan
 Tang kilikan under g lobalization is not
limited to patronag e of one’s produce.
This type of tang kilikan may lead to
monopoly, inefficiency,
uncompetitivenes s and patronag e
politics .
 Ins tead of promoting national
dev elopment and indus trialization, it
may lead to backwardnes s and
underdev elopment.

9. The Modern Tang kilikan
 Modern Tang kilikan means promotion of
locally produced products and services
that are of high quality standards
through technological adaptation,
innovation, and continuous
improvement.
 This is essence of the slogan
Tang kilikin at paunlarin and s ariling atin
(patronize and continuously improve our
own products and services).

10. Tang kilikan & the
Nationalis t Development
Plan
 Tang kilikan in the Nationalis t
Dev elopment Plan (NDP) of the F air
Trade Alliance (F TA) is bes t
expres s ed in the s trateg ies “forward
and backward linkag ing ” and
“modernization of ag ricultural and
indus trial s ectors ”.

11. Tang kilikan & the
Nationalis t Development
Plan
Forward and backward linkaging has at least 3
dimensions:
2. A direct link between the Phil. consumers and
the Phil. producers.
 Philippine consumers are the workers (both low
unskilled and & highly skilled knowledge
workers- managers, entrepreneurs,
professionals, OFWs, etc.) and the government.

12. Tang kilikan & the
Nationalis t Development
Plan
A direct link between the Phil. consumers and the
Phil. producers.
 The Philippine producers are enterprises, groups
and individuals operating in the Philippines. They
should be encouraged to maximize locally-
sourced inputs (labor, technologies, materials,
ideas, etc.).
 Both the Philippine consumers and producers
should patronize each other to the fullest.

13. Tang kilikan & the
Nationalis t Development
Plan
 In the USA for example, Verite is a
consumer-based NGO advocating
consumption of American-made products &
services through social standards imposition
on imported products.
 Verite practices Tang kilikan to help
preserve American jobs and consumers’
purchasing power.

14. Tang kilikan & the
Nationalis t Development
Plan
Forward and backward linkaging has at least 3
dimensions:
2. A direct link between big, medium, small and
micro enterprises.
 At present, big & some medium enterprises
are linked with TNCs through outsourcing &
international quality standards like ISO,
Malcolm Baldridge, social standards, etc.

15. Tang kilikan & the
Nationalis t Development
Plan
A direct link between big, medium, small and
micro enterprises.
 Big firms with international linkages do not
transfer their technologies and capabilities to the
micro & small enterprises (MSEs).
 Hence, MSEs may lose in competition with low
end smuggled imported goods or stay in the
unregulated informal sector.

16. Tang kilikan & the
Nationalis t Development
Plan
 Under the Nationalist development plan, big
and medium enterprises should maximize
their outsourcing requirements to the micro
and small enterprises (MSEs) under the big
brother-small brother partnership
relationship.

17. Tang kilikan & the
Nationalis t Development
Plan
A direct link among industry, agriculture and
services.
 Agriculture should produce raw materials for
industry and food for the consumers.
 This will empower agricultural producers and
the consumers.
 The consumers in return will be able to buy
more finished products from the industrial
sector.

18. Tang kilikan & the
Nationalis t Development
Plan
A direct link among industry, agriculture and
services.
 Developing a modern agro-industrial base of
the economy is the key strategy of the
Nationalist Development Plan.

19. Thank you.