This document discusses various communication traits and concepts. It defines shyness, willingness to communicate, communication apprehension, and communication competence. It also discusses scales to measure these concepts and the effects of shyness, willingness to communicate, and communication apprehension on behavior and perceptions.

2. Shyness

3. Zimbardo (1977) We begin with two yes-no questions. Please mark your responses below: 1. Do you presently consider yourself a shy person? _____Yes _____No 2. If you answered "no" to the first question, was there ever a period in your life during which you considered yourself a shy person? _____Yes _____No

5. Berger, Baldwin, McCroskey, & Richmond (1983) Replicated the Study with 10,000 people and found the same results.

6. Shyness Defined The behavioral tendency to not initiate communication and/or respond to the initiatives of others . Shyness stems from a preference for noncommunication by the individual.

7. Scale # 9 (p. 372) Scores above 42 are considered high.

8. Willingness to Communicate

9. WTC Defined A person's general level of desire to initiate communication with others. (WTC may be considered an attitude toward initiating communication, or as some prefer, the person's intent or disposition toward the behavior of initiating communication.)

11. Scale 10 (p. 373) < 52 Low Overall WTC > 82 High Overall WTC Total WTC > 99 High WTC, < 71 Low WTC Friend > 92 High WTC, < 57 Low WTC Acquaintance > 63 High WTC, < 18 Low WTC Stranger > 78 High WTC, < 33 Low WTC Public Speaking > 94 High WTC, < 64 Low WTC Interpersonal Conversations > 80 High WTC, < 39 Low WTC Meetings > 89 High WTC, < 57 Low WTC Group Discussion

12. Communication Apprehension

13. CA Defined The fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons.

22. Communication Competence

23. Communication Competence A person who has &quot;adequate ability to make ideas known to others by talking or writing&quot; (McCroskey, 1984, p. 263)

25. Scale 13 (p. 378) ► Scores under 59 are Incompetent ► Scores between 60 and 86 are Moderately Competent ► Scores over 87 are Highly Competent

26. Sociocommunicative Orientation

27. Assertiveness The capacity to make requests, actively disagree, express positive or negative personal rights and feelings, initiate, maintain or disengage from conversations, and stand up for oneself without attacking another.

28. Responsiveness The capacity to be sensitive to the communication of others, to be a good listener, to make others comfortable in communicating, and to recognize the needs and desires of others.

30. Competence and Androgyny Low Assertive Noncompetent Undifferentiated (4) Submissive (3) Low Responsive Aggressive (2) Competent Androgynous (1) High Responsive High Assertive