3. Chronic Bronchitis
presence of a chronic productive cough for
3 months during each of the 2 consecutive
years with other causes of cough being
excluded.
10. Other tests
Refer patient to specialist for other tests:
•Chest X-rays
•Blood test
•ECG
•Echocardiogram
•Peak flow test
•Blood oxygen level
•Blood test for α-1-antitrypsin
•CT test
11. Referrals
•Diagnostic uncertainty
•Suspected severe COPD
•Individual requests 2nd
opinion
•Onset of cor pulmonale
•Assessment for oxygen therapy, long-
term nebuliser therapy or oral
corticosteroid therapy
•Symptoms disproportionate to lung
function deficit
•Frequent infections
•Haemoptysis
•Rapid decline in FEV1
•Assessment for pulmonary
rehabilitation
•Assessment for lung volume reduction
surgery or lung transplantation
•Dysfunctional breathing
•Onset of symptoms at age under 40
years or with a family history of α-1-
antitrypsin deficiency
14. Medications:
•Short-acting bronchodilator inhalers
1. β2-agonist inhalers, such as salbutamol and terbutaline
2. Antimuscarinic inhalers, such as ipratropium
•Long-acting bronchodilator inhalers
1. β2-agonist inhalers, such as salbutamol and terbutaline
2. Antimuscarinic inhalers, such as tiotropium, glycopyronium
and aclidinium
Management