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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Section Objectives
What is DNA? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DNA as the genetic material ,[object Object],[object Object]
The structure of nucleotides ,[object Object],[object Object],Sugar (deoxyribose ) Nitrogenous base Phosphate group
The structure of nucleotides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Adenine (A) Guanine (G)
The structure of nucleotides ,[object Object],[object Object],Nucleotide Sugar-phosphate backbone Phosphate group Sugar (deoxyribose) DNA nucleotide Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T) Thymine (T)
The structure of nucleotides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The structure of DNA ,[object Object],[object Object]
The structure of DNA ,[object Object],[object Object]
The importance of nucleotide sequences ,[object Object],[object Object],Chromosome
Replication of DNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Replication of DNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Parental molecule of DNA Nucleotides Both parental strands serve as templates Two identical daughter molecules of DNA
Replication of DNA ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Genes and Proteins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Genes and Proteins ,[object Object],[object Object]
RNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sugar (ribose) Phosphate group Uracil (U) Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, or U)
RNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Protein Synthesis: 2 step process 1. Transcription 2. translation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RNA Processing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RNA Processing:simplified ,[object Object]
Genetic information written in  codons  is translated into amino acid sequences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Genetic Code ,[object Object],[object Object]
Translation: From mRNA to Protein ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Transfer RNA  molecules serve as interpreters during translation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mutations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mutations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Mutations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Point mutation Replace G with A mRNA mRNA Protein Protein
Frameshift mutations ,[object Object],[object Object],Deletion of U mRNA Protein
Chromosomal Mutations ,[object Object],[object Object]
Causes of Mutations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Repairing DNA ,[object Object],[object Object]

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