3. The 5 Principles of MBSE 3
1 – A Lack of Understanding (Unknown Unknowns)
Applies to both individuals and
organisations (projects)
The dip in productivity
corresponds with the body of
the “Brontosaurus of
Complexity” (Holt & Perry)
“There are unknown unknowns
– there are things we do not
know we don't know” (Donald
Rumsfeld)
4. The 5 Principles of MBSE 4
We often use the word complex as a synonym for ‘difficult’ or ‘no
recognisable pattern’
We should make a distinction between how we define structures and
behaviour
We can define at least 4 different behaviours of systems
Simple = easily knowable
Complicated = not simple, but still knowable
Complex = not fully knowable, but reasonably predictable
Chaotic = neither knowable nor predictable
Each of the 3 spaces (Problem, Solution & Project) can behave in a
different way (and at different points in time)
2 - Complexity
(Plus Simplicity, Complicated and Chaotic)
5. The 5 Principles of MBSE 5
The 3 Spaces
Problem
Space
Defines the Problem or
Opportunity
e.g. User Requirements
Specifics the Solution
e.g. System Requirements
Shapes the Activity
The Organisations, People,
Processes, Standards and
Tools used to perform the SE
Activity
Solution
Space
Project
Space
Time
7. The 5 Principles of MBSE 7
3 - Communication - I don’t know what you need to
know
We can’t rely on a process to
tell us what artefacts to produce
and who to give them to
We can’t rely on request -
response protocols because
other stakeholders in the
project may not even know we
exist, let alone what information
we have or require
9. The 5 Principles of MBSE 9
bdd [Package] Model, View & Diagram [Model & View]
«block»
Model
«block»
View
«block»
Model element
«block»
View element
«block»
Diagram
«block»
System
«block»
Graphical Symbol
«block»
Text
«block»
Mathamatical
Language
«block»
Architecture
«block»
Matrix
«block»
Table
«block»
Text Document
Name: Model & View
Author: James Towers
Version: 1.0
Created: 09/09/2013 18:59:04
Updated: 06/10/2013 16:28:29
1
abstracts
1..*
1..*
represents
1
1..*
is a projection of
1
1..*
1
1..*
1
1..*
1
0..*
is related to
0..*
1 – Modelling is more than just drawing
10. The 5 Principles of MBSE 10
There’s a temptation when building models to first model everything
you know and then model everything you discover
It’s important to remember that every model is in someway
incomplete, and it’s this incompleteness that makes it valuable (See
Principle 3). Knowing what to omit requires you to know what its
purpose is
If someone wanted to know how far it was from Tooting Bec to Edgware
then consulting the Tube map would be pointless (it wasn’t built for that
purpose)
Purposes include Synthesis, Analysis, Specification, Communication
and others
Scopes include the Problem, Solution and Project Spaces and others
2 – Each View has a defined purpose and scope
11. The 5 Principles of MBSE 11
The Model is insightful:
It can be queried in ways unconnected sources can’t.
It can be navigated, thus allowing us to discover its content without prior
knowledge of what to expect.
The Model is more accessible, quicker, cheaper, controllable,
adaptable or less risky (in a safety, security and financial sense) to
construct and/or interrogate than the real world.
The Model is pragmatic:
The degree to which it conforms to any of these principles is decided based on risk.
3 – The Model adds value
12. The 5 Principles of MBSE 12
The Model is:
Concise -
It records one fact in one place (Model Element)
Consistent -
It doesn’t contradict itself
Coherent -
Its parts produce a unified whole
Correct –
It can be Verified and Validated based on defined criteria
It uses abstraction to allow imprecision without inaccuracy
4 – The Model is of sufficient quality
13. The 5 Principles of MBSE 13
Where appropriate the Model is constructed using recognisable and
documented patterns
May be public or proprietary, general or domain-specific
The Model uses the most appropriate languages, paradigms &
topologies
Languages may include natural language (text), mathematics, general
purpose graphical languages (UML, SysML), domain-specific languages
and others
Paradigms may include functional, object-oriented, symbolic, logical and
others
Topologies may include graphs, trees, matrices, tables, natural-language
(requirements boilerplates) and others
5 – The Model is constructed from the most
appropriate elements
15. The 5 Principles of MBSE 15
May be public or proprietary, general or domain-specific
Architectural Frameworks enable MBSE by:
Ensuring the Model is coherent and consistent, by providing architectural
rules and syntax
Help us manage complexity and clarify what is important by the use of
information portioning and hiding
Helps us identify omissions
Provides traceability & navigability
Aids communication as may be common across multiple projects
Define ontologies and standardises concepts
1 - Architectural Frameworks
16. The 5 Principles of MBSE 16
Process Frameworks provide guidelines and principles that allow us
to generate a customised process
Where appropriate the Enterprise uses recognisable and
documented process patterns
The Project Team follows a defined System Engineering Process
based on one or more of the Process Frameworks
All activities within the process involve the Model.
All newly discovered Systems Engineering knowledge is recorded in the
Model.
The Model is shared in a controlled manner
Configuration / Version Control
Access Control – although the default is open
2 - Process Frameworks
17. The 5 Principles of MBSE 17
The People involved have the appropriate competencies
3 - People
Complexity
(Cynefin)
Practices Work Type Skill Level Hot to
Achieve
Simple Best “Assembly Line” Proficiency Training
Complicated Good Information Fluency Training &
Expereince
Complex Emergent Knowledge Literacy Deliberate
Practice
Chaos Novel Concept Mastery Deliberate
Practice
(10,000 hrs)
18. The 5 Principles of MBSE 18
The tools used have the appropriate capabilities
There is a single Model of the System Under Consideration (SUC) i.e.
they’re modelling not drawing tools
They support the required languages, paradigms and topologies and
ideally (where possible) can translate between them
They support open standards and data formats
4 - Tools
20. The 5 Principles of MBSE 20
Thanks to the following for their contributions, either directly of via
published work
Tom Riley (Thales)
Jon Holt and Simon Perry (Atego)
Dave Snowden (Cognative Edge)
Acknowledgments
Hinweis der Redaktion
Pronounced : K-nevin
The shaded are in the middle is disorder