3. INTERVENING VARIABLES
Variables are elements that can
affect the elements, the
components, and the steps of
communication.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
4. INTERVENING VARIABLES
They determine the quality of
communication: professional or
unprofessional quality.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
5. INTERVENING VARIABLES
Failure to consider an intervening
can affect a receiver’s decoding,
thus resulting in miscommunication.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
6. VARIABLES SHAPE COMMUNICATION
They can determine if a
message is:
effective or ineffective,
professional or unprofessional,
partial or complete,
accurate or distorted.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
8. VARIABLES of COMMUNICATION SUCCESS
8
ELEMENTS
17 COMPONENTS
SENDER
STEPS
24
DETERMINERS
PASSIVE CONTAINER:
DATA, INFORMATION
FEEDBACK
4 QUESTIONS
23
ACTIVE PURPOSE:
MOTIVE, INTENTION
or SOURCE
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
TO ENTERTAIN
TO PERSUADE
TO PRESERVE
TO PUSH TO ACTION
TO INFORM
TO INFLUENCE
TO EDUCATE
SYMBOLS CODES FORMATS
24
MESSAGE or
NOISE INTERFERENCE
MEANING
TEXT
SUBTEXT
CONTEXT
INTENDED MEANING
LANGUAGE
LETTERS
VOCABULARY
NUMBERS
CHARACTERS SPELLING
GRAMMAR
GRAPHICS
PUNCTUATION
SPACES
SYNTAX
OR RECEIVED
MEANING
CONFIRMATION
21
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
8
22
15 SPEED of TRANSFER
16 PRESERVATION of CONTENT
17 TIMELINESS or TIMING
18 CONFIRMATION of TRANSFER
19 CONFIDENTIALITY
20 SECURITY
CLARITY ACCEPTABILITY 9
STANDARDIZATION
10
TARGET NON-TARGET
NEEDS & WANTS
ACCESS
DECODING SKILLS
PARTS
STRUCTURES
HIERARCHY
MARGINS
ALIGNMENT
INDENTIONS
INK, on PAPER
RECEIVER
MEDIUM
SOUND on TAPE
MOTION on FILM
UNI- or MULTIMEDIA on DATA STORAGE DEVICE
DISPERSION
• INTRAPERSONAL
• INTER PERSONAL
• GROUP
• MASS
SLH1013 - Professional English
CHANNEL
TECHNOLOGY
PRINT
AUDIO
ELECTRONIC
MULTICHANNEL
11 SPOKEN
12 PRINTED or DRAWN
13 PERFORMED or ENACTED
14 LIVE or RECORDED
9. VARIABLES CAN EFFECT CHANGE
For instance, your medium can
determine if your message is
Live or recorded
Edited or as is
Written, spoken, or enacted
Mass, group, or individual receiver
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
10. Examples: Media Variables
Live presentation – electronic media,
projector; speech on amplifier
Recorded presentation – voice or
action on tape
Spoken message – voice on amplifier
Written message – ink on paper
Enacted or performed message – same
as live presentation
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
11. VARIABLES AFFECT COMMUNICATION
Professionalism depends on how these
determiners affect the effectiveness of
a message.
For instance, the clarity, acceptability,
and use of standard codes and formats
in a letter make the message more
effective.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
12. Example: Professional Variables
Clarity – simplicity, zero ambiguity, clear
and understandable to the target receiver
Acceptability – codes and formats are
acceptable according to the target reader’s
culture, position or function
Standard codes and formats – codes and
formats are standard in the profession,
among people with formal education
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
13. ONE MORE TIME
Communication variables are
elements that affect the success of
communication.
Your level of professionalism can
depend on how these variables
affect your message.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
When a message is clear, understandable, and with no ambiguity, then the message is ___. Clear Successful Professional Useful Acceptable TransmittedWhen a message uses codes and formats that fit the target receiver’s context, then the message is ___. Acceptable Clear Successful Professional Useful Transmitted