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感染症に負けないぞ
      久住 英二
ナビタスクリニック立川・川崎・東中野
アジェンダ


インフルエンザ

RSウイルス

ウイルス性胃腸炎(ノロ・ロタ)


VPD(水痘・おたふく・B型肝炎)
インフルエンザ

インフルエンザウイルスが原因

 Aソ連型:H1N1

 A香港型:H3N2、H1N2、H2N2


 B型

 新型インフルエンザ:H5N1(鳥インフルエンザ)
ウイルスの構造




 ヘマグルチニン(H)とノイラミニダーゼ(N)
      の組み合わせによって
    インフルエンザの型が変わります
ワクチンって重要なの?


インフルエンザワクチン接種したけど罹るじゃない

抗ウイルス剤があるから治るじゃない

子どもが3人いるから家計が大変なのよ
インフルエンザの死者数


1000人

5000人

1万人
1万人以上が死亡している
超過死亡という考え方

 インフルエンザで肺炎になり死亡→統計上の死因は肺炎


 例年の死亡数をベースにして、オーバーした分をインフル
 エンザによる死亡数とカウント
ワクチンは誰のため?

急性期病院の病床利用率は90%を超える

大流行したら医療側には受け入れるキャパシティがない

警察や消防など治安維持スタッフの欠員が生じる




ワクチンは社会全体を感染症から守るため
鳥インフルエンザ
かかっちゃったら

麻黄湯でスッと熱を出させる

抗ウイルス薬も選択肢の1つだが、必ずしも必要ない

消化の良いもの:寒気の時は温かいもの

 おかゆ(白がゆ)でエネルギー補給

 タンパク質や脂質は不要

 ゼリー飲料は消化がわるい!

解熱時に発汗するので、水分はしっかり摂取する
水分補給

 経口補水液

 スポーツ飲料

 水や白湯




 脱水になると点滴が必要 → 子どもでは入院!
RSウイルス
乳児では細気管支炎を起こして死亡リスク高い

危険因子

 6ヵ月未満の乳児、保育園に行っている

 肺の病気がある・先天性心奇形がある

 妊娠35週未満の早産

 家族が煙草をすう

 喘息もち
症状の経過




       図   インフルエンザと RS 下気道炎の典型的な臨床経過
                      V

                             www.jspid.jp/journal/full/01802/018020161.pdf

なりのウイルス増殖があり それに伴うサ
RSV検査の意義は?

潜伏期間があるため、症状の出た人だけ検査しても、流行
は抑えられない。

迅速検査の感度は70%程度

RSV感染症として、特別な治療法がない

 治療方針に影響しない検査は不要

リスク因子のない、ほとんどの子どもでは重症化しない
呼吸器感染症の予防


感染した人:人混みに行かない、マスクをする

感染したくない人:人混みに行かない、手洗い、うがい

 マスク:あまり意味がない


咳エチケットの励行
咳エチケット?
問題:ティッシュやハンカチがないので、咳やくしゃみを
手のひらで受けた - ○ or ×?
Cover
 Cough
Cough
Cough
Cover
Cover
    your                                                                                                      not your han




  Cough
    your
   your
  Cough
   your
  Cough
         咳エチケット
  Cover your mouthCover your mouth
   Cover yourwith a and nose with a
    and nose mouth


                  or
                    Cover your mouth
   tissue nose with a and nose with a
      and when you tissue when you
   cough or sneezecough or sneeze
     tissue when you tissue when you
     cough or sneezecough or sneeze
                  cough or sneeze into
                                         or
                                                             Put your used tissue in
                                                             Put your wastetissue in
                                                                  the used basket.
                   or                                             the waste basket.
                               sleeve, cough or sneeze into
                  your uppersneeze into  or
                   cough or Cover your mouth
                  not your hands. your upper sleeve,
                           Cover your cough or sneeze into
                   your upper sleeve,mouth with a
                                   nose nose
                                    and your
                             andCoverwith a mouth
                            Cover yournot your hands.
                   not your hands.when you upper sleeve,
                                          your
                                          mouth                                                      You may be ask
                               and
                                   tissue when you
                             tissuenose with a with a
                                     and nose
                                     or sneezeyour hands.
                                          not
                            cough tissueor sneeze
                                   cough when you
                               tissue when you                                                      You on a be aske
                                                                                                     put may surgica
                                            or      or
                              cough or sneeze
                                    cough or sneeze
                                            cough or sneeze into                                    putprotect others
                                                                                                     to on a surgical
                                             or     cough or sneeze into
                                                    or
                                            your upper sleeve,
                                             cough or sneeze into                                   to protect others
                                                    your upper sleeve,
                                            not yourcough or sneeze into


                                                Clean
                                                     hands.
                                             your upper sleeve,
                                             not your hands. hands.
                                                    not your
                                                    your upper sleeve,
n
.in
                                                Clean
                                                    not your hands.

                                                   your                                                                           Wa



                                                 Hands
                                                   your
et.                                                                                                                             with
                                                                                                                                 Wa
ur used tissue in


                                                 Hands
                                                                                                                                   w
                                                                                                                               with s
 our used tissue in
he waste basket.                                                                                                               for 2
                                                                                                                                  wa
 the waste basket. may be asked to
                 You
         Put your used tissue in                                                                                              for 20
           Put the You may be asked to
                 put on tissue in
                   waste a surgical mask
                your used basket.                             after coughing or sneezing.
         Put your protect surgical mask
                   put on a others.
                 to used tissue in
                 the waste basket.                            after coughing or sneezing.
               your protect others. You may be asked to
                  to used tissue in
           Put the waste basket.
                 the waste basket. YouYou may be asked to
                                                   be asked to
                                            maysurgical mask
                                    put on on a surgical mask
                                          put amay be asked to
                                           You
                                    to protectsurgicalmask
                                     put to protect surgical mask
                                          on on a others.
                                           put a others.
                                     to protect others.be asked to
                                Wash hands to protect others.
                                                 You may
                                                                                             Minnesota Department of Health
                                                                                             717 SE Delaware Street
                            with soap and
                               Wash hands
                                             You may be asked to
                                                                                            Minnesota Department of Health
                                                                                             Minneapolis, MN 55414
                                             put on a surgical mask                         717 SE Delaware Street
                                                                                             612-676-5414 or 1-877-676-5414
ウイルス性胃腸炎

ノロウイルス:ワクチンなし

ロタウイルス:ワクチンで防ぐことが可能




症状は嘔吐、下痢、発熱、関節痛など。ロタ>ノロ

予防・治療法は同じ:手洗い、うがい、補液、症状緩和
ロタウイルスワクチン


生後6週から、4週間隔で2回、24週まで(ロタリックス)

生後6週から、4週間隔で3回、32週まで(ロタテック)

総コストは、どちらでも3万円ほど。


他のワクチンと同時接種が可能です
VPD


Vaccine Preventable Disease ワクチンで予防できる感染症

公費対象外であっても、ワクチンは接種すべき

 おたふく、水痘、B型肝炎、ロタ
流行性耳下腺炎
おたふく
難聴の原因になる

 言葉が発達する前(3歳未満)だと、聾唖になる

親への感染:睾丸炎で2週間休職

ノドが腫れて窒息する




 Volume 374, Issue 9702, 14–20 November 2009, Pages 1722
おたふくに罹患した男性

50%:サイズが縮小

7∼13%:精子数が減少
みずぼうそう(水痘)


空気感染する

当然、大人も罹患する

脳炎や肺炎が起きる


水疱からの感染も起きる
世界はB型肝炎だらけ
B型肝炎


母子・父子感染する

性交渉で感染する

保育園での感染報告もあり


肝細胞癌になって死ぬ
トップ   地域ニュース     共同ニュース   トピックス   スポーツ    エンタメ   カルチャー     コラム        医療・健康   マネー



47NEWS > 共同ニュース > 記事詳細

 ニュース詳細                                  |コラム「日めくり」|東日本大震災|47トピックス



佐賀の保育園で集団肝炎か 7人感染、うち2人発症
 佐賀県健康増進課は11日、佐賀市内の保育園に通う園児ら7人がB型肝炎ウイルス
(HBV)に感染、うち2人が急性肝炎を発症したと発表した。現在もHBVの感染状態
にあるかどうかは不明だが、全員が回復しているという。県は今後、関係者からの聞き取
り調査や園児らの血液検査を実施し、感染原因の特定を急ぐ考えだ。  県の聞き取り調
査などで感染が分かったのは園児6人と保育士1人の計7人。昨年4月からの1年間に、
それぞれが受診した医療機関で血液検査などを受け、感染していることが確認されたとい
う。  集団感染の疑いが浮上したのは、3月に発疹(ほっしん)など急性肝炎の症状が
出た園児1人が佐賀市内の病院で受診したのがきっかけ。
                                                   2002/05/11 05:15   【共同通信】
                                                                                    企
 Ads by Google
まとめ


感染症予防は侵入門戸をおさえる

ワクチンが開発されている病気は罹患率が高い or グロい

任意接種といえども、家族を守るためには接種すべき
危機に          する関東


80 医学部で 12,000 万人 = 1 校あたり 150 万人

東京 1,300 万人:13 校 九州 1300 万人:11校

千葉600万人:1校 埼玉700万人:1校
医師数は西高東低
10   (   )




             300          3
             275   300    5
             250   275    8
             225   250    10
             200   225   10
             175   200   8
             150   175   2
             125   150    1
             125          0



             22
看護師の西高東低指数 1.42 であり、
 表2に示すように、                   准看護師の西高

あらゆる点で西高東低
 であり、西日本には准看護師と療法士が多いことも大きな特徴である


 図 10   西高東低指数
                      (




                     日医総研ワーキングペーパー No.269
齢者を中心とした、医療重要は、急速に大きくなることが予想され

首都圏が危険
図 1




                  日医総研ワーキングペーパー No.269

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20121110保育スキルアップ・オープンセミナー 感染症対策講座 久住英二先生発表資料