Challenges and Opportunities: A Qualitative Study on Tax Compliance in Pakistan
Msw Jns
1. INTEGRATED APPROACH on Solid Waste Management Strategies , Planning & Compliances J N Sharma, Environmental Engineer J&K SPCB
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3. SOLID WASTE CHARACTERISATION Waste generated due to domestic and commercial activities, including construction and demolition debris, either in solid or semi solid form in a municipal or notified area is defined as SOLID WASTE . Composition % By weight Vegetable/leaves 40.15 Grass 3.80 Paper 0.81 Plastic 0.62 Glass/ceramics 0.44 Metal 0.64 Stones/ashes 41.81 Miscellaneous 11.73
6. The Global practices of ISWM vary from region to region, country to country and from one Municipality to another depending upon the prevailing specific conditions( Natural, Social , Economic etc)
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25. The Main Concern NATIONAL LEVEL Presently, solid waste generated is normally thrown outside the premises, outside designated bins, in unscientific manner leading to serious environmental & health hazards, causing spread of diseases & may lead to spread of EPIDEMIC. Quantity of solid waste generated per capita per day Varies from 0.19 kg (Nasik, Imphal) to 0.62 (Chennai)
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28. WASTE GENERATION IN INDIA Waste Quantity (Tonnes/day) 3 (Kavaratti) to 5922 (Delhi) Compostable (%) 29 (Daman) to 71 (Sivasa) Recyclable (%) 10 (Ranchi) to 36 (Shimla) Calorific value (kcal/kg) 591 (Dhanbad & Kochi) to 3766 (Imphal & Aizwal)
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31. Solid Waste Management (SWM) in Varanasi City using Geographic Information Systems City Planning: The GIS Way The concept of systematic urban planning is becoming very popular nowadays in the areas related to urban management and development. GIS is commonly used as a tool to simplify this process: "City planning is a classic application of GIS, in which common data is used to co-ordinate activities and reduce duplication of effort".
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42. Solid Waste Generation in Jammu City Waste Quantity (MT/day) 340 Compostable (%) 51.51 Recyclable (%) 21.08 Calorific value (kcal/kg) 1782 Solid Waste Generation in Srinagar City Waste Quantity (MT/day) 467 Compostable (%) 61.77 Recyclable (%) 17.76 Calorific value (kcal/kg) 1264
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44. processing rejects (quantity & quality), pollution control measures, investments & return and measures for the safety of workers. Waste disposal category- to include total no. of sites identified & the layout maps, quantity of waste to be disposed, nature & composition of waste, details of methodology/criteria followed for site selection, details of existing sites under operation, methodology & operational details of landfilling, pollution control measures. The waste processing & disposal facilities shall meet the specifications & standards as laid down.
52. Details of Forms S.No Details Form No. 1 Application for obtaining authorisation Form I 2 Annual Report ( to DM/DC with copy to State Board/Committee 30th June) Form II 3 Authorisation issued by State Boards/ Committees (45 days) Form III 4 State Boards/Committees to submit to CPCB an annual report ( 15th September ) Form IV 5 Accident Reporting Form V
53. Implementation Schedule I S.NO Compliance Criteria Schedule 1 Improvement of existing landfill sites as per provisions of these rules Dec,31, 2001 or earlier 2 Identification of landfill sites for future use & making site (s) ready for operation Dec,31, 2002 or earlier 3 Setting up of waste processing & disposal facilities Dec,31, 2003 or earlier 4 Monitoring the performance of waste processing & disposal facilities Once in 6 months
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Hinweis der Redaktion
SW 1000 TPD
SW 32 MT per day
Compostable fraction varies from 29 % to 71 %; 2 ha land/100 tons/day for containerised composting. Recyclable fraction varies from 10 % to 36 %; Calorific value of waste ranges from 591 kcal/kg to 3766 kcal/kg.
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