5. What do we mean by -DATA-?
<legal>
Copyright vs. Database Right
Public Sector Information
Data Protection
Freedom of Information
Transparency
INSPIRE
</legal>
11. Types of value identified per case study
BL ASR BMAGIC VoB BBC Century MyExperim BECTA NEN OMII
Share ent Repurpose
Non Monetary
Educational X X X X X X X
Reputation building X X
Quality Improvement X X X
Audience Creation X X
Increasing relevance of X X X X X
material
Collective Memory X X X X
Research X X X X X X
Building on existing X X X
Knowledge
Culture dissemination X X X X
and preservation
Monetary
Revenue Creation X
Sustainability X X X
Securing future funding X X X X X
12. No. Two
Value
does not
always model
follow
the
32. Licence Species
Six Basic licences
based on the
combination of
three licence
elements
Creative Commons
CC Sampling Licence
Licences
Public Domain Founders’
Dedication Copyright
Developing Nations
Licence Music Sharing
33. Licence Species
Six Basic licences
based on the
combination of
three licence
X
elements
Creative Commons
CC Sampling Licence
Licences
T Public Domain
Dedication
X Founders’
Copyright
X
Developing Nations
Licence
X
Music Sharing
35. Understanding the operation of
the licences
Basic Template
Dual Structure
Variable Licence
Elements
The licensor retains her
copyright and autonomy
Licence principles:
The licensee is the recipient of a
number of freedoms the licensor
chooses to award
36. The operation of the basic
template I (freedoms)
To reproduce the
work
Basic Freedoms To include the work
in a collective
work
To distribute
copies
To modify the work Display publicly,
so that the rights perform publicly,
may be exercised in to perform publicly
all media formats/ by means of digital
platforms audio transmission
37. The Licensor may
The operation of the basic license the work under
different terms and
template II (licensor’s conditions
autonomy)
Licensor reserves
all rights not
explicitly granted
The licensor
retains autonomy/ No sublicensing is
control allowed
The licensee is
obliged to carry
all notices
regarding the
copyright of the
licensor
The licensee cannot impose The licensee is
any additional legal obliged to
restriction or obstruct the attribute the
dissemination of the work original author
(e.g. using Digital Rights
Management)
38. Licence elements
Attribution
Non Commercial
No Derivatives
ShareAlike
39. Combinations
Attribution
Attribution – Share Alike
Attribution – No Derivatives
Attribution – Non Commercial
Attribution – Non Commercial -
ShareAlike
Attribution – Non Commercial – No Derivati
39
40. Licence elements
Attribution
Non Commercial
No Derivatives
ShareAlike
41. Combinations
Attribution
Attribution – Share Alike
Attribution – No Derivatives
Attribution – Non Commercial
Attribution – Non Commercial -
ShareAlike
Attribution – Non Commercial – No Derivati
41
43. + from CC 2.5
* single licence for all three jurisdictions (EW/ NI/ SC)
* Clarifications (collective work/ licensor/ restrictions/ TPM/
Attribution
* No Endorsement
* Express Moral Rights Acknowledgement
* CC Notice
* SA features
* Differentiation between derivative and original
* Sui Generis Database Right
44. The ShareAlike element
Share Alike
• It refers to the derivative works
• When the licensor creates a derivative work,
she has to further license it under the same terms
and conditions as the work it was based upon
• Particularly relevant when multiple authors
create a work in a virtual environment (e.g. wikis,
sampling sites)
45. The ShareAlike element and the GFDL licence
•As of 03.11.08, the CC_BY_SA and GFDL licences are
compatible
•Wikipedia transition
•Huge step in reducing fragmentation of the commons
•URL: http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/10443
46. Remember:
- know your value
- clear your rights
- standardise
- use mixed models
51. Shallow Open Access
User 1
•There is a central
acces point only
• Superdistributions
(p2p) is not possible
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ • The licences used
are essentially
expressions of
limitations (exceptions,
fair use, fair dealing)
User IV
52. Why Shallow Open
Access
User 1
* Content control
* Quality assurance
* provenance
* de facto control of
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ commercial uses
* Limited issues of rights
clearance
User IV
54. User 1 Organisation
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV Access Point
55. User 1 Organisation
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
Flow of content User IV Access Point
56. User 1 Organisation
Flow of permissions
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
Flow of Content User IV Access Point
57. Key licence elements
Ι
Limitations on:
(a) Use
User 1
Private
Non Commercial
-For Educational purposes only
- No Derivative Works
(b) User
-Teachers / Educators -
Academics
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ - Students
Staff of other organisations (HE –
FE – MLA)
(c) Location Membership
Country / region campus
Members of specific organisation
(d) Moral rights
User IV Attribution
Integrity
Non Endorsement
58. Key Licence
Elements ΙΙ
Rights/ Freedoms:
User 1 (a) Use
Private
(b) Communication to the
public
-Educational
-NonCommercial
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ (c) Reproduction
-Private
-Non Commercial
-Educational
User IV
59. Key Licence
Elements ΙΙΙ
Other important elements:
(a) the licences are either
User 1 contracts that require offer,
consideration and acceptance
(e.g. British Museum) or
“naked” “bare” licences
(b) there are licencespecific
definitions on:
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ noncommercial – private –
educational use
(c) there are specific
provisions with regards to
-Personal data (PD)
-Registration with the ICO
-Policies about PD handling
User IV
-Protections of minors
-Cultural Heritage provisions
-Public Sector Information
60. Why is horizontal
access also shallow?
Horizontal access is
normally shallow as well
User 1 because:
Public and private
organisations feel more
comfortable with this mode
of content disseminations
The content is accessible
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ and may be easily used
even by users with minimum
ICT skills
User IV
70. Licensing forms
-Users normally exchange
content with each other
using some form of open
licensing schemes
- The most wide spread CC
licences:
• CC_BY_SA_NC
User ΙΙ • CC_BY_SA
User V
82. Key points
While the content is
User 1 deposited in a common
repository the flows of
permissions (or rights)
follow a different trajectory
- When CC licences are
used, the permissions flow
User ΙΙ directly from the rights
owner to the content
User IV
85. Licensing forms
The content ownership
varies: it may belong to the
distributing organisation or
third parties
User ΙΙΙ
The distributing organisation may
make available only the content for
which either it has obtained rights
or the rightsholders allow it to be
stored on its servers.
103. User 1
DATA SET I
DATA SET II
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
DATA SET III
User IV
103
104. User 1
Flow of Rights
Data Flow over Data
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
DATA SET II
User IV
104
105. Flow of Rights
Data Flow over Data
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
DATA SET II
105
106. User 1
Flow of Rights
Data Flow over Data
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
DATA SET II
User IV
106
107. Open Meta Access I
MetaData and Content follow
the same path
MetaData are normally
accompanied by a set of
permissions that follow the same
trajectory as the metadata
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
107
108. Open MetaAccess II
Metadata flows do not follow
the same trajectory as the content
A user may download content
while uploading metadata
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET II
User IV
108
109. Open Meta Access III
The most important users of
metadata collections are
organisations, such as
aggregators (e.g. Europeana) or
collaborative sites (e.g.
Wikimedia)
DATA SET I
User II
DATA SET II
109
111. DATA SET I
+
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET III
=
DATA SET IV
111
112. Open MetaAccess IV
The user downloads metadata
which are then combined and
enriched with metadata she
provides
-This behavioral patterns relates
to the need of the user to identify
DATA SET I with the content, to combine it
+ with other content for cultural
DATA SET I reasons or in general to
User ΙΙ contextualise it in order to
DATA SET III customise it to her own benefit
=
DATA SET IV
DATA SET IV
112
113. Open MetaAccess V
Other users may have access to
the same content but enriched
User 1 with additional metadata.
DATA SET I
+ DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET III
=
DATA SET IV
DATA SET IV
113
114. User V
User 1
DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
+ DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET III Open Metaaccess VI
Provided that the licensing
= schemes allow it, metadata may
DATA SET IV flow outside a specific content
DATA SET IV repository
-Most licences used allow such
alternative flows under certain
conditions (private/ educational/
non commercial use)
114
115. + = User V
DATA SET IV DATA SET V DATA SET V
User 1
DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
+ DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET III Open MetaAccess VII
When the flow of metadata
= occurs outside the repository the
DATA SET IV enrichment may take place on a
DATA SET IV peertopeer basis
115
116. + = User V
DATA SET IV DATA SET V DATA SET V
DATA SET V
User 1
DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
+ DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET III Open MetaAccss VIII
The most important users of
= meta data are other organisations
DATA SET IV or collaborative platforms
DATA SET IV
BBC/BL OR
wikipedia/ myExperiment
116
117. + = User V
DATA SET IV DATA SET V DATA SET V
DATA SET V
User 1
DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
+ DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET III Open Metaaccess IX
Such organisations package
= thirdparty content with metadata
DATA SET IV created by their userbase
DATA SET IV
117
118. + = User V
DATA SET IV DATA SET V DATA SET V
DATA SET V
User 1
DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
+ DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET III
DATA SET V
=
DATA SET IV
Open Metaaccess X
DATA SET IV Provided the relevant
infrastructure (technical, legal,
organisational) is in place,
different organisations may share
metadata either directly or
through a common user base. 118
119. + = User V
DATA SET IV DATA SET V DATA SET V
DATA SET V
User 1
DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
+ DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET III
DATA SET V
=
DATA SET IV
Open MetaAccess XI
DATA SET IV The breaking down of streamed
content in increasingly smaller
units, the enrichment of meta
data with content and the use of
open licences for the reuse and
repurposing of meta data leads to
119
an indirect deepening of
horizontal open access.
120. why * low transaction costs
* simplicity
* no liability
* more users
Is good 4U * more data
120
121. ***
Q + A
***
p.tsiavos@lse.ac.uk
Prodromos Tsiavos
EnCoRe Research Officer
The London School of
Economics and Political
Science
Houghton Street
London WC2A 2AE
UK