1. TRADUCCION
By: Diana, Evaedi , Saratiel

2. TEXT TYPE AND FUNCTION OF THE
LANGUAGE
Newmark (1998) it is important to determine the
text type at the beginning of the translation
process.
Therefore, we can say that our text has the
informative function of the language:
.

3. A) IT IS FOCUSED ON THE CONTENT
• GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
PHARMACOLOGY
• It is mainly about the drugs that are used to treat
gastrointestinal sicknesses; the description of
each one, side effects, dosage.

4. B) IT FITS THE STANDARDIZED FORMAT OF
INFORMATIVE TEXTS; AS A SCIENTIFIC
ARTICLE.
• An informative text is a text that wants to
advise or tell you about something.
• Convey means to express or
communicate.

5. INFORMATIVE TEXTS USUALLY:
• avoid repetition
• contain facts
• give information in a clear way - introducing
the subject and then developing it

6. C) IT ASSUMES A NEUTRAL OR
INFORMAL STYLE WITH DEFINED
TECHNICAL FORMS
• Informative texts use words that:
are descriptive
are precise and to the point
relate to the subject
are in the present tense.

7. WE CAN TELL OUR TEXT IS INFORMATIVE AS IT:
• has one subject (DRUGS). For example:
Anticholinergics
• uses a specific type of language Example:
“Anticholinergics are also used in the management of
peptic ulcer.”
• contains new information. For example: “A unique
drug for the treatment of peptic ulcer is sucralfate
(Carafate), which binds with protein at the ulcer site to
form a protective covering.”

8. WE CAN TELL OUR TEXT IS INFORMATIVE AS IT:
• uses facts and data. For example: “A unique drug
for the treatment of peptic ulcer is sucralfate ... It is
administered up to 8 weeks to promote healing of the
ulcer. Very little of the drug is systemically absorbed.
Adverse effects are minimal…”
• has taught you something by the end of it.
Example: “Antibiotics can be used to treat diarrhea
caused by microbial infections. It must be noted,
however, that antibiotics may also eradicate normal
intestinal bacteria and cause diarrhea to occur.”

9. APPROACH
Newmark (1998, p. 21) suggests to start reading the whole text two
or three times finding out the intention, register, tone and by
marking the difficult words or passages, so we can start
translating it when we had a clear overview of the article.

10. TRANSLATION METHOD
For our translation we are using three of the different methods
suggested by Newmark (1998, p. 46-47): Literal
translation, Faithful translation and Communicative translation.

11. LITERAL TRANSLATION
Newmark (1998, 46) states that: “the SL grammatical constructions are
converted to their nearest TL equivalents, but the lexical words are
again translated singly, out of context”
We started by creating a glossary that contains SL words with their
equivalents in the TL and their definition

12. EXAMPLES
• Peptic ulceration = Ulcera péptica. Otros
nombres: Úlcera duodenal, Úlcera gástrica
• Pepsin = pepsina
• Gastric acid = Acido gástrico, jugo gástrico

13. FAITHFUL TRANSLATION
Secondly, we intent to use Faithful translation process to give the same
contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the TL
grammatical structures (Newmark, 1998, p.46). We do not want to
change the intention of the SL writer neither the properties of the
information and the text.

14. EXAMPLE
• The most effective • Los anti diarreicos más eficaces
antidiarrheals are the son los opiáceos: cómo la
opiates: codeine, codeína, el paregórico (2 a 4
paregoric (2 to 4 mg), mg), la loperamida (Imodium, de
loperamide (Imodium, 4 4 a 16 mg), y el difenoxilato (15 a
to 16 mg), and 20 mg, uno de los componentes
diphenoxylate (15 to 20 de Lomotil). Los opiáceos
mg, one of the interactúan directamente con los
components of Lomotil). receptores en el tracto
The opiates interact gastrointestinal para aumentar
directly with receptors in el tono muscular de los
the GI tract to increase esfínteres y disminuyen la
muscle tone in sphincters motilidad del tracto
and decrease GI motility. gastrointestinal superior.

15. COMMUNICATIVE TRANSLATION
To achieve acceptable and comprehensible readership, which is
found in the original text according to Newmark (1998, p.47).
In our translation we are trying to find balance between content and
language without losing the contextual meaning of the source.

16. EXAMPLE
• Lamentablemente muchos antiácidos
• Many antacids are available están disponibles sin receta y son mal
without prescription and
unfortunately are misused by utilizados por los consumidores. La
consumers. Most antacids mayoría de los antiácidos tienen una
stay within the GI tract, estancia prolongada en el tracto
although the absorption of the gastrointestinal superior y como
metal ion components can
have adverse consequences. resultado, la absorción de los
One antacid, sodium componentes de iones metálicos puede
bicarbonate, is extensively crear consecuencias adversas. El
absorbed and can lead to bicarbonato de sodio, al ser mal
systemic alkalosis. This
substance, in the form of empleado como antiácido, si es
"baking soda ” is widely used absorbido en cantidades abundantes
by the public for self- puede conducir a alcalosis sistémica.
medication. Esta sustancia, conocida como
"bicarbonato" es ampliamente utilizada
por el público en general para la
automedicación.