Aquaculture is a growing and increasingly important industry in many parts of the world, including Scotland, Chile, Norway, Greece and Turkey. It helps to sustain economic growth in rural and coastal communities which are often isolated from the more developed and industrialised areas of these countries.

1. May | June 2013
Ultraviolet water disinfection for fish farms
and hatcheries
The International magazine for the aquaculture feed industry
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3. A
quaculture is a growing and
increasingly important industry in
many parts of the world, including
Scotland, Chile, Norway, Greece
and Turkey. It helps to sustain economic
growth in rural and coastal communities
which are often isolated from the more
developed and industrialised areas of these
countries.
The modern aquaculture industry faces a
number of issues:
Disease
High rates of water extraction and
increased reliance on recirculated water
can lead to poor water quality, resulting in
increased outbreaks of viral, bacterial and
parasitic fish diseases which can decimate fish
stocks. Due to the intensive nature of fish
farming, fish stock is also highly susceptible to
infection from natural fish populations in the
feed water to the farm.
Regulation
Fish reared and released back into the wild,
as well as those endorsed by the regulatory
bodies such as the UK’s Marine Stewardship
Council, must be disease-free.
Water quality
To minimise the chance of infection
and disease, the water used in fish farms
and hatcheries needs to be of a minimum
quality. Ensuring this quality is not easy –
chemical treatment is not appropriate as it
harms the fish and cannot be released into
open waters.
To ensure water quality and to break the
infection cycle between fish farms and natu-
ral fish populations, a disinfection system is
needed to treat water entering and circulating
within fish farms.
The advantages of
UV disinfection
Ultraviolet (UV) is
ideally suited for treating
incoming and recirculated
water in fish farms and
hatcheries as it uses no
chemicals and does not
create by-products which
would harm the fish
stock, or other aquatic
life, on discharge. Unlike
Ultraviolet
water disinfection for fish
farms and hatcheries
by Halim Mirza, sales manager, Hanovia, United Kingdom
CASE STUDY
Cultivos Huacamalal Ltda., Chile
Cultivos Huacamalal Ltda. of Chile uses
a Hanovia UV disinfection system for
its salmon hatchery in Rio Ignao in the
south of the country. The UV system
is part of a US$1.1 million water recir-
culation and effluent treatment system
provided by Atlantech Chile Ltda. of
Puerto Montt, Chile.
The UV unit treats well water
used for make-up supply in the water
recirculation system to control against
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN)
RNA-virus. IPN is found in wild salmon
populations on the Pacific coasts of
both North and South America and can
cause severe mortality (up to 80%) in
fish up to two years old. It is a common
disease in hatcheries and is also capable
of transmitting epizootic conditions back
to wild populations.
Chile is one of the three major salm-
on farming countries in the world, along
with Norway and Scotland. Cultivos
Huacamalal is a new player in the
Chilean salmon aquaculture industry.
The company was formed by a number
of experienced partners in the fish
production and shipbuilding industry in
Chile and has signed an agreement to
supply product to one of the largest
salmon exporters in the country.
24 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | May-June 2013
FEATURE

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5. other treatment methods, UV also avoids
the expense of complex monitoring sys-
tems required for adding and removing
chemicals before the water reaches the
fish. In addition, it does not alter the pH
of the water. In fact, UV is now widely
regarded to be the most effective and
economical disinfection technique for use
in fish aquaculture.
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May-June 2013 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | 25
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7. UV applications in aquaculture
The applications for UV include treatment
of water in hatcheries, shellfish purging tanks
and fry rearing tanks. It is also used in fish
processing plants and well boats. UV is even
used to disinfect recirculation water in marine
parks and aquaria.
Some considerations
When installing UV systems, operators
need to be aware of which viruses, bacteria
or parasites are posing a problem and size
the UV systems accordingly. Hanovia usually
recommends a UV dose of between 120-
150mJ/cm2, but the final dose always depends
on a number of factors, including whether the
water is single-pass or recirculated.
Water needs to be treated at all stages in
the process, from the egg stage right through
to full maturity
All effluent water from hatcheries, process-
ing plants and well boats must also be treated
so as to protect the environment and stop
the possible transmission of disease to wild
fish populations
UV technology
UV technology is surprisingly simple to
install and use. A UV disinfection chamber can
usually be retrofitted to existing pipework and
circulation systems with minimum disruption
to the process.
All controls are automatic and mainte-
nance of the systems is usually restricted to
the replacement of the UV lamp every 12-18
months, depending on use. This is a simple
operation that can be carried out by on-site
staff. An automatic or manual wiper fitted
over the quartz sleeve surrounding the UV
lamp prevents the build-up of any deposits,
ensuring maximum levels of UV irradiation at
all times.
A significant feature of modern UV sys-
tems is the control mechanism which displays
a range of useful functions such as flow rate,
UV dose and intensity. The systems are
usually capable of logging up to one year’s
performance data, which can be downloaded
to a PC through an RS232 port. Linked into a
central computer, the control panel can also
be operated remotely, and allows the system
to operate around the clock.
About Hanovia
To date Hanovia has installed over 300
aquaculture systems in 14 countries around
the world. Applications include water treat-
ment in hatcheries, fish farms (salmon, sea
bream and sea bass) shellfish depuration tanks
and fry rearing tanks as well as treating re-
circulation water in marine parks and aquaria.
Based in the UK with offices in Beijing
and Shanghai and a worldwide network of
distributors, Hanovia is a world leader in
UV disinfection technology with over 85
years’ experience in the design, development,
manufacture and distribution of UV systems
worldwide. The company is a subsidiary of
Halma plc.
More InforMatIon:
Gunvinder Bhogal, marketing communications
manager
Tel: +44 1753 515300
Fax: +44 1753 515301
Email: gunvinder.bhogal@hanovia.com
sales@hanovia.com
Website: www.hanovia.com
CASE STUDY
Loch Fyne Oysters
Ltd, Scotland
Loch Fyne Oysters Ltd in Scotland
is using two Hanovia UV disinfection
systems for its oyster farm in Loch Fyne,
Cairndow, Scotland. The UV systems,
which were installed by Barr and Wray,
destroy harmful E.Coli bacteria from its
oyster and mussel depuration tanks.
Each UV chamber treats up to 150 m3
water per hour.
According to a spokesperson from
Loch Fyne Oysters, “The Hanovia units
were recommended to us by Barr and
Wray because of their 99.99% log
reduction of E.Coli, their robust, stainless
steel construction, their ease of installa-
tion and easy maintenance – including
easy UV lamp replacement and daily
cleaning with a manual wiper – and low
running costs. We also find the digital
run-time read-out very useful.”
Loch Fyne, Scotland
26 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | May-June 2013
FEATURE

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9. www.aquafeed.co.uk
LINKS
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They are what they eat
Enhancing the nutritional value of live feeds
with microalgae
Controlling mycotoxins with
binders
Ultraviolet
water disinfection for fish
farms and hatcheries
Niacin
– one of the key B vitamins for sustaining
healthy fish growth and production
Volume 16 Issue 3 2013 - mAY | Ju Ne
INCORPORATING
fIsh fARmING TeChNOlOGy
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