1. MANTHAN[ ] 2013-14
JAIPURIANS, LUCKNOW
Group Members-
Akash Saraswat
Raveena Ahuja
Nilanjan Das
Akarsh Nath
Saurav Sharma
Courtesy:
JAIPURIA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, LUCKNOW.

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Sunrise States: Realizing the growth
potential of North-East.
Reason for selecting the problem:-
Does the North-East belong in India?
People from North-East India, northern part of West Bengal, Sikkim etc., look quite different
(more of Mongol Tribe) than other Indians. What are some beliefs you have about them? How do
you bully them? Why they are not accepted in mainstream public or are they? And how is this
different from how Tamilians, UP residents, Biharis or Gujratis etc. are treated outside their home
state?

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Economic Potential of Northeast India: An Asset or Threat?
The Northeast of India is endowed with huge untapped natural resources and is
acknowledged as the eastern gateway of India’s Look-East Policy. Nonetheless, the region is
cited as a conflict-stricken remote corner of India, witnessing a series of insurgencies and
illustrating the alienation of the locals from the mainstream. Although the causes of
insurgency in the region have been primarily political, the ambiguity related to the economic
potential has added fuel to the turmoil.
The sense of economic resources being exploited or the threat to exploitation exaggerated
amongst the locals has provoked conflict in the region. Most of the armed groups fighting for
secession have accused the central government of exploiting the region’s rich mineral
resources, neglecting its economy and flooding the state with migrant settlers. Primarily in
Assam, the insurgents are fighting against the Indian Government for extorting mineral
resources, particularly oil, and being insensitive to safeguarding the natives from being
engulfed by migrants in search of green pastures, both from other parts of India and
Bangladesh. These outfits have resorted to sabotaging of oil pipelines and cargo trains used
for transporting petroleum and coal from the region. For instance, the United Liberation Front
of Asom (ULFA) blew up an oil pipeline on August 15, 2005 in Golpara district of Assam.
The two bombs detonated on November 30, 2007 at Kokrajhar were planted below the oil
tank of the truck that was bound for West Bengal. In 2008, they made an attempt to blow up
the Paglasthan Oil Depot at Bongaigaon town, while the recent bomb blast on January 25,
2011 derailed a goods train in North Cachar Hill district. The ULFA blames the central
government for taking away considerable oil resources without helping the northeast region
to develop.
The exploration of mineral resources has become a contentious issue and has fuelled conflict
in the region. In Meghalaya, the extraction of uranium and coal has been a problem. On June
11, 2007 Shillong was paralysed by a 36-hour bandh called by the Khasi Student’s Union
protesting against a public hearing on uranium mining in Meghalaya’s West Khasi Hill
district.2The huge oil reserve spotted in Nagaland, reported to contain oil reserves worth
billions, is also a major issue of contention. The Nagas fear that they will be displaced when
oil extraction begins. Local leaders have insisted on assurances of new land allotment besides
monetary payments before relocating their people. The Nagas have demanded assurances that
their lush jungles, rivers and rice paddies will be protected against oil spills and other
environmental hazards. Further, they are demanding a share of the profit to be given to tribal
councils for local development. Violent protests in Nagaland are likely to occur if oil
extraction begins without considering these demands.
Besides, ethnic conflicts among the tribes in the region are also sparked by competitive
claims over the limited economic assets, which are an outcome of scarce economic
development and limited opportunities. In Manipur, violent ethnic conflict broke out in the
Moreh border area of Chandel amongst the Meitei, Nagas, Kuki and others because of their
struggle to dominate the Moreh market. The most serious dispute was the Naga-Kuki conflict
of 1992. The Kuki-Paite (Naga sub-tribe) conflict of 1997-98 in Churachandpur district
resulted in 1000 people killed, 4600 houses torched to ashes rendering many homeless and
compelling them to flee to other areas in the state.

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Industrialisation in the region has not developed successfully and even small-scale industries
have not been feasible due to lack of adequate economic infrastructure like transportation,
communications and market accessibility. The region’s economy remains primarily
agricultural. Primitive farm practices of slash and burn (jhum) and shifting cultivation are still
practiced in many hill areas, while traditional single crop farming in the plains continues. As
a result, the region is not able to produce adequate food grain to feed its own
population. Most of the states in the region import food items from other parts of the country.
While neither agriculture nor industry has developed, the service sector has expanded
disproportionately though it is less productive and limited. In due course of time, while the
national economy is growing at a swift rate, the economies of the region are slowing down
creating an economic gap between the northeast region and the mainland.
The rising economic gap signifies a sense of neglect by policy-makers in New Delhi and it
has been an issue for contention for outfits revolting against the government. The Centre is
blamed for being insensitive towards the region, both by local political leaders and the
militant outfits. While there is no paucity of funds, the absence of development work in the
region is either due to lack of skilled entrepreneurship or political corruption. While some
developmental changes have indeed taken place in the region, the present policy framework
has not been able to provide the basic requirements for dynamic development
Moreover, the region remains isolated from the rest of the country and has not been able to
attract investors or produce skilled labour and entrepreneurial resources. It has failed to
transform even the primitive agricultural practices of the region into modern commercial
agriculture. In addition, the region has not received the attention of the central government in
building the required essential infrastructure for progress. All this has alienated the northeast
from the mainland and proved to be a prime factor for the continuance of insurgency in the
region.

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Causes
1. Historical:-
Due to the tagline of Frontier area that was given by the colonial rulers, the North-east hilly
areas came in touch with the principle of central administration.
2. Political Unrest:-
There is a small electorate of just 3.8% of India’s total population and 25 out 543 seats in Lok
Sabha are allotted to them which is 46% of total number of seats.
3. Identity Crisis:-
The people of North East India who are culturally mongoloid refused to accept the caste
ridden social system advocated by Indian Culture.
4. Allegations of Sexual Assault:-
Women are mostly rape down during crackdown where men of the villages or towns are
gathered outside their homes and women are forced to stay indoor.

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1. Historical:-
Solution
The North Eastern hilly areas mainly consist of Tribal people and they need a wake-up call.
For this, as they are mostly introvert with their expressions, the government should send a
group of officials to those hilly areas and represent their diplomatic agenda to them. The
officials will make them aware of how the government works and clear their mind-sets.
Implementation
What it matters the most is the implementation of the problem we have pointed out.
Implementation can be done with the support of certain elements we have listed out that are:
Stakeholders-
 Government officials- Government officials must come forward to help in developing
the infrastructure and other educational priorities.
 Investors
 Social Welfare groups such as NGOs, Women Empowerment
 Source of funding from political parties, investor.
 Combat forces to back up all the process.
Impact

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Growth of the community and change in traditional approach of the society.
2. Political Unrest:
Solution
1. Right to vote for every citizen of India, including
those people from North Eastern states of India.
2. Increase the number of seats in Lok Sabha.
3. Government should be more active and provided
opportunity.
Implementation
 Create a political party.
 Appoint a chairperson of that party.
 Form a government in the North East India.
 Create a seat in Lok Sabha
 Aware people to vote in majority.
Impact:
a. Government of the North East States would get a boost and will get a opportunity to
participate in the electoral process of the country.
b. When more people will be aware of the elections, more people will vote and help the
people to choose a leader which they think would help in progress of their native place.
c. This political stability will also help in the economic growth of the North Eastern part of
country.
d. It will help in increasing the number of seats of Lok Sabha.
3. Identity Crisis:-
Solution
They should be given Identity proofs like Ration card,
Aadhar card, Voter identity card, etc.so that the tribal
people get official citizenship and know about the rights

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and duties of an Indian citizen. This will help them in actively participating in the progress of
the country.
Implementation
Choosing government officers and sending them to affected areas and helping them to make
the people aware about the identity cards and also telling them that how it will be effective to
them in future.
Impact
They will get official citizenship of our country which will help them to come forward and
participate in every field with equal rights and will be a potential resources for our country to
make it progress both the ways.
4. Allegation of sexual assault
Cause:
Women are mostly raped during crack downs where men of the villages or towns are
gathered outside their homes and women are forced to stay indoor.
Solution
 Providing them proper education on sense of equality.
 Teaching self-defence techniques to the women.
 The law should be strict enough to give more harsh punishments to those criminals.

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Implementation:
 Need honest cops to implement the laws in the tribal area.
 Allocation of proper teachers to educate the adults of the society.
 Women empowerment small groups should be made.
Impact:
They can educate their own children the youth will also get knowledge about sex education.
Women empowerment will help in raising the status of women in society. Which will help in
spreading the sense of equality among the mass in the society.
Discussion about the insurgency in North East India which is the root cause of the barrier in
the process of various development, be it from infrastructure to health care to educational
system.
Various groups are involved in the Insurgency in Northeast India, India's north east states, which are
connected to the rest of India by a narrow strip of land known as the Siliguri Corridor.In the region
several armed factions operate. Some groups call for a separate state, others for regional autonomy
while some extreme groups demand complete independence.
North-eastern India consists of 7 states (also known as the seven sisters): Assam, Meghalaya,
Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, and Nagaland. Tensions exist between these states
and the central government as well as amongst the tribal people, who are natives of these states,
and migrant peoples from other parts of India.
There has been a number of insurgent activities and regional movements in all parts of the
northeast, often unique in character to each state. Military action by the armed and paramilitary
forces and political action have led to the intensity of these insurgencies fluctuating and to the
resolution of the insurgency in Mizoram. Regional tensions have eased off as of late, with Indian and
state governments' concerted effort to raise the living standards of the people in these regions.
However, militancy still exists within the region. At present insurgent activity is present in Assam,
Manipur, Nagaland and Tripura.
Militant Groups:
National Democratic Front of Bodoland:
The National Democratic Front of Bodoland, also known as
NDFB or the Bodo Security Force, is an extremist outfit
which seeks to obtain a sovereign Bodoland for the Bodo
people in Assam, India. The founder of the organization,
Ransaigra Nabla Daimary, alias Ranjan Daimary has been
arrested and detained by Indian authorities.
The organization came into being on October 3, 1986, in
Odla Khasibari village close to Udalguri.

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Their main goals include:
 Separate itself from the expansionism and occupation of India
 Free Bodoland from the exploitation, oppression, and domination by colonialists
 Uphold the integrity of a sovereign Bodoland
 Set up a Democratic Socialist Society that promoted Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
 Change the written language to Roman
 Take part indirectly or directly in the elections in the lower house of parliament
Karbi Longri N.C. Hills Liberation Front:
Karbi Longri N.C. Hills Liberation Front is a militant group operating in Karbi
Anglong district and Dima Hasao district (formerly known as the North Cachar
Hills district) of Assam, India. Thong Teron is the general secretary of KLNLF.
Karbi Anglong NC Hills People's Resistance is the armed wing of the
organization.
KLNLF is closely linked to the United Liberation Front of Asom. December 6 is
the foundation day of KLNLF.
The outfit claims to fight for the cause of Karbi tribes and its declared objective is Hemprek
Kangthim, meaning self-rule/self-determination of the Karbi people.
United People's Democratic Solidarity:
United People's Democratic Solidarity was formed in March 1999
with the merger of two terrorist outfits in Assam's Karbi Anglong
district, the Karbi National Volunteers (KNV) and Karbi People’s Front
(KPF).
Kiri Rongphar was the founder ‘chairman’ of the outfit. At present,
the outfit is headed by its Chairman Longder Singner alias H E Kathar
and General Secretary Haren Sing Bey. T Nongloda is the outfit's
Publicity Secretary and Lindok Ronghang its Finance Secretary. Abductions for ransom and extortion
are the main sources of income for the UPDS. The outfit generates a considerable amount of
revenue by targeting the ginger producing Kukis in the Singhason Hills area. The non-Karbi traders
are also targeted for extortion. In some cases, even Karbi's have been the
targets.
United Liberation Front of Assam:
United Liberation Front of Assam is a separatist group from Assam,
among many other such groups in North-East India. It seeks to establish a
sovereign Assam via an armed struggle in the Assam conflict. The
government of India banned the organisation in 1990 citing it as a

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terrorist organisation, while the United States Department of State lists it under "other groups of
concern."
ULFA claims to have been founded at the site of Rang Ghar on April 7, 1979.
Some of the major assassinations by ULFA include that of Surendra Paul in May 1990, the brother of
businessman Lord Swaraj Paul that precipitated a situation leading to the sacking of the Government
of Assam under Prafulla Kumar Mahanta. ULFA continues to attempt ambushes and sporadic attacks
on government security forces.
The ULFA has claimed responsibility for bombings of economic targets like crude oil pipelines, freight
trains and government buildings. The ULFA is credited with some bank robberies during its initial
stages. Now it is widely reported to extort businessmen, bureaucrats and politicians for collecting
funds.