1. Ensuring World Class Civic Amenities In
Urban India
Team Details
Clueless Thinkers (IIM Rohtak)
Abhineet Mittal
Lovin Mahajan
Nisarg Vyas
Saurabh Maheshwari
Vivek Pandey
MANTHAN

2. Basic Traffic Problems in India
0
200
400
600
800
2001 2021
Estimation of Population rise
in Urban cities in India in
millions
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1951 2004
Road
Network
Traffic
Relative change in
Traffic compared to
Road network in India
• Vendors on the road, driving on the wrong side
• Construction materials left on the road, potholes, violation of traffic rulesCommon problems
• Traffic problems cost almost 40 billion rupees annually to the GOI
• 10% of world accidents happen in India
Financial cost to
Government
• Accounts for only 22% of urban transport
• AT some places ineffectively implemented at a cost of huge capital
investment e.g BRTS at Delhi, Pune
Public Transport

3. An Effective and Feasible
Multi-modal Transport
system required
Type of
Transport
Investme
nt per Km
in Cr
Time
taken to
complete
(Yrs)
Air
Pollution
PPHPD
BRTS 30-35 1-2 Causes
pollution
1500 –
45000
Mono-rail 120-150 3-4 No 2000-
48000
Metro 300 5-6 No 70000
• A mix of BRTS, metro-rail and
mono-rail as public transport
should be developed
• Dedicated biking pathways,
dedicated streets for pedestrians
• All the above should be seamlessly
integrated in the city’s public
transport system
• Strong measures to discourage
private vehicles e.g green
surcharge of Rs 2/- on petrol and
green cess of 3 percent on the cost
of all private cars sold
• Synergy between transport
planning and land policy
• E.g in Copenhagen-Large offices of
over 15000 sqft are located within
600 m of railway station
* pphpd = passengers per hour per direction
•Infrastructure should be developed for cyclists as well as
pedestrians
•This will decrease pollution in the city
For pedestrians
and cyclists
•IDF, Municipal bonds by ULB, PPP
•Credit enhancement mechanisms
How to
finance?
•Intelligent traffic signal systems should be implemented rather
than conventional
•If a surcharge is to be levied, then an integrated system like the
one implemented by IBM in copenhagen can be modelled
Technology

4. Water and Sanitation
State Of Affairs
• The population of India has increased by
17.6 % from 2001 to 2011 whereas the
per capita availability of water has
decreased to 1545 cubic meters in 2011
from 18116 in 2001.
• Only 32% of Indians use treated drinking
water while 11.6% do not use treated
drinking water.
• Only 54 % of urban population have
access to improved sanitation while in
rural areas it is as low as 21 %.
• 59 % of Indians don’t have In-House
toilets of which 18 % constitutes the
urban areas.
Increasing demand and usage
due to increasing population
Corruption and lack of
planning in projects and Red
Tape in implementation
Receding underground water
table
Increasing dependence on
Monsoons
Improper disposal of
Solid and Liquid wastes
Inefficient and improper
sewerage systems
Causes

5. Water collection
and treatment
Distribution and
Supply
Sewage and
Sanitation services
Other services
Recommendations
Collection of Freshwater/
groundwater
Freshwater/ groundwater
treatment plant
Desalination plant
Supply to domestic
consumer
Supply to industrial
consumer
Waste water collection,
treatment, reuse and
disposal
Irrigation
Water purification
Bottled water
Bore wells
2010 - Total
domestic and
industrial water
demand in India:
250 billion
M3/YEAR
2020 – Total
domestic and
industrial water
demand in India:
350 billion
M3/YEAR
2030 – Total
domestic and
Industrial water
demand in India:
500 billion
M3/YEAR
Revenue – 2010 : 27
billion US$
Revenue – 2020 : 38
billion US$
Revenue – 2030 : 54
billion US$
Revenue potential – 27
billion US $ in 20 years
Data Source : Census – 2011
and Ernst & Young report -
Sep. 2011

6. • India is the 5th largest proven coal reserve in the
world and contributes to around 6% of global coal
production
• But, there still exists a supply – demand gap
which has increased at a CAGR of 38.47% from
2008 – 09 to 2011 – 12
• This has caused a demand supply gap in
electricity as coal accounts for more than 50% of
the power generation
• Same is the case with other fuels
• Very small portion of electricity comes from
renewable sources
• Another issue is inefficient transmission
infrastructure resulting in huge transmission
losses
• Also, power theft is a major issue resulting in
power shortage
• We need to increase the production of
renewable power and decrease dependence on
non-renewable fuels
Power Shortage in India

7. Possible Solutions
To Stop Power Loss
• Installation of smart meters with features like wireless monitoring and introduction of prepaid model of
electricity with the help of these smart meters
• Implementation of smart grid which comprises of digital/microprocessor metering, two-way
communication, efficient control system, and is fully automatic
• Plastic coating of electricity wires
• Installation of high efficiency power transmission infrastructure
To Increase Power Production
• Better tax policies and subsidies for solar power and wind power equipments to reduce installation &
maintenance cost for these alternative sources of electricity
• Set up large solar power plants on the outskirts of cities to meet the electricity needs of a particular city
• Mandatory installation of solar cells on rooftops of big commercial buildings
• Provision of more funds for R&D of developing better and efficient ways of generating power using
renewable sources
Estimated Cost Saving by Implementation of Smart Meters in Mumbai
• Number of total households in Mumbai = 38,50,000
• Cost of one smart meter ~ Rs. 1500 (As offered by Glen Canyon)
• Total Cost of installation = 38,50,000 * 1,500 = Rs. 577.5 Crore
• Number of households not paying bills and altering meter readings= 30% households -> 11,55,000
• Losses due to this = Rs. 3.6 Crore per day
• So, as we will save this money, we can recover the cost of installing the smart meters, i.e. Rs. 577.5
Crores in approximately 160 days (a little over 5 months)
* All figures as per government data

8. SLUMS
• Roughly 1.37 crore Indian households are living in urban slums with Mumbai having the
highest proportion of slum-dwelling households (41.3% of its population).
70% get water from taps, which is untreated and
insufficient
32% have no drainage system. 60% of urban
slums remain waterlogged during monsoon.
54% slums in India do not have toilets. E.g. in
Dharavi slum in Mumbai, there is only one toilet
per 1440 residents.
Only one third of urban slums in India have pucca
houses.
. Underground sewerage was 17% in urban slums.
Open defecation leads to spread of faecal-oral
disease and parasitic infestation.
Major Problems
faced by slum
dwellers in India ->
• Rajiv Awas Yojna started by
government to remove slums and
provide housing to urban slum
dewellers but ineffective due to
pervasive corruption.
• Slum Redevelopment Authority
formed but it has not come out with
any substantial results.
2 possible solutions:
•Either Construct alternative
tenements for people living in slums
• Or Upgrade the existing slums and
provide basic amenities like sanitation,
toilets, drainage, electricity etc.

9. • 225 sq feet rented houses to be provided to slum dwellers.
• These tenements to be provided free of cost but monthly maintenance and service
(electricity and water charges) to be paid by dwellers.
• One building of 10 hectare to cater for around 300 households
• 10 hectare = 100000m2
• No. of households that can be accommodated on one floor= 100000/225= 444.4 (can
be taken around 415 after accounting for some area reqd. for toilets, stairs etc.)
• Assuming an 10 floor building, no. of households that can be accommodated in one 10
hectare building= 10*415 = 4150
• Assuming 10 lakhs slum households, no. of such 10 hectare buildings required =
1000000/4150= 240
• Public-Private Participation E.g.- Involving private players like HDIL etc in Redevelopment
• Government to provide land and private companies will provide housing.
• Convert horizontal slums into vertical rented settlements. Vertical city will save land as well as revenues.
• Slum dwellers can themselves be employed by the government to build permanent settlements .
• Basic facilities like toilets, drainage, sanitation, electricity, water to be provided in the new vertical tenements.
• Planning’ should be for the future and thus should able to keep pace with the increasing slum dwellers
• Planning for enough new land designations for the doubling in size of developing-country cities every ten years, with
sufficient land for low-income residents, both existing and newcomers, be they migrants or new family members
SLUMS REDEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL

10. Basic Garbage Problem
• Most Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) spend nearly 60%-70% of their total overall budgetary allocation on collection, another
20%-30% on transportation, and often less than 10% on the treatment and final disposal of MSW
• Per capita garbage disposal has increased to 0.376 kg./day, i.e., around 40 mn. ton garbage is produced in India annually
• No uniform model till now – some cities prefer centralized plants while others prefer decentralized
Recommendations
• The garbage collection and treatment plants should follow de-centralized approach
• Segregation to be done at source itself
• Penalty to be imposed after some number of warnings for segregation
• Each new building should have a provision of direct waste disposal from their home
• For this, there can be 2 pipes running throughout the building connecting all the flats
• One pipe will be for biodegradable waste and other for non-biodegradable
• The collection point for both the pipes will be a storage which is divided for two different types of waste
• The garbage collection for that building to be done from that store by door-to-door service
• For the present houses and buildings, different colored garbage bins to be kept by the government at every 50 fts, catering
to about 10 houses
• The different colored bins will cater to different types of garbage
• The collection can be done either door to door or through those bins kept in common (as per the locality)
• As the number of e-waste is increasing at a big pace, it needs to be handled before it gets unmanageable
• The recycling plants will be producing the electricity which will be bought by the Government
• In new cities, the electricity generated can be used for running metro, so plants need to be set-up near metro lines to reduce
the transmission cost and waste

11. Time Required To
Break Even The Cost
5 months
Total Revenue From
Sales Of Recycled
Products
7,583/-
Approx. Per Day
Running Cost Of Plant
1,000/-
Net Profit From Plant 6,583/-
Capital Required To
Set-up One Plant
10,00,000/-
Profit Calculation From One Plant In Karnataka
(100 Kg Waste Recycle Capacity)
Privatization Of Recycling Plants
Collection Of Garbage:
Collection
• Garbage Collection to be done either Door-To-Door Basis
• Depending on location, collection can also be done from bins placed by Government
Cost
• The cost of the collection to be incurred by the government
• The cost will include the collection of segregated waste and transportation till
nearest recycling plant
Implementation
• The process needs to be under the supervision of local municipal corporation
• The auction for the recycling plants needs to be handled by State Government and
should be granted for a term of 5 years

12. Thank You