1. Technology in agriculture to improve
yield

2. Historic equipment
Traditional ploughs

3. Modern equipment
Start modern farming Today technology in farming

4. Today technology in farming
Modern tractor functionalities

5. Advantages of modern
tractor
Wide range
Tractors are available in a wide range of options to suit specific tasks and requirements. Subcompact or compact tractors
available in a horsepower range of 15hp to 40hp are ideal for heavy duty landscaping jobs and tasks such as digging, hauling
or ploughing on large gardens, fields and pastures.
A smaller version of compact tractors, subcompact tractors have the power and versatility to perform a large range of
gardening tasks including mowing, moving mulch and tilling gardens. Compact tractors are a smaller version of utility tractors
and are ideal for landscaping tasks.
Also known as diesel tractors, utility tractors are recommended for mechanising complex farming tasks and come in different
models with a horsepower range of 45hp to 110hp. A wide range of farming implements can be attached to utility tractors to
help accomplish various jobs.
Versatility
Though available in a wide range of models, modern tractors are designed and manufactured to offer versatility in
performing a wide range of tasks. Compact tractors can accomplish tasks ranging from gardening to simple farming jobs, with
the ability to do more by attaching various implements such as front loaders or back hoes.
Power and durability
Tractors are typically designed with powerful engines to run over rough terrain and pull extremely heavy loads, making them
effective in tough farming or landscape tasks. Modern tractors also come with cast iron front axles for extra strength and
durability.
Ease of transmission and operation
Modern tractors feature powershift transmission and hydrostatic transmission to simplify operation. While these tractors are
also provided with power steering to make turning much easier, advanced models help reduce operator fatigue with
exclusive shift controls and an automatically responsive transmission.
Ease of installing gardening and farming implements
Modern tractors allow a wide range of gardening and farming implements including front end loader attachments or back
hoes to be attached to help perform a wider range of tasks.
A three-point hitch attaches an implement, secures it in place and also lifts and lowers the implement while the PTO (power
take-off) is a shaft that goes from the tractor to the implement and transfers the tractor’s engine power to it.
Boya Equipment is a leading supplier of machinery such as loaders, tractors, generators, high pressure washers, chippers,
pumps, utility vehicles, mowers and engines.

6. Growth of yield in us after
modernization
1. In 1994, the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) began
publishing the National Directory
of Farmers Markets which list
farmers markets known to
operate in the U.S. As of 2008,
USDA currently does a
comprehensive update every year.
The following graph shows the
number of markets at each
update.

7. Situation in india
There was a time when agriculture in the country was largely a gamble on monsoon, when our farmers had to depend almost wholly
on rainwater for irrigation, his bullock-driven plough for tilling the soil and on organic fertilisers like cow-dung and garbage for
manuring the soil. Modern agriculture in the Western countries is highly mechanised, and if we are to triumph over the vagaries of
Nature, we have to supply the farmer with all the mechanical means of cultivation.
In order that we may ensure a rapid transition from primitive to modern agriculture, certain basic industries have to be developed
on a high priority basis.
The high level agricultural production Western countries reached has come only after the Industrial Revolution of the last century.
Formerly, it was believed that the rate of population growth would far exceed the agricultural produce. It was regarded almost as a
law of nature. But scientific agriculture has disproved this theory.
The setting up of these industries is a costly affair, and has to be met by deficit financing and other artificial means. This leads to
inflation. The condition will prevail as long as production does not increase enough to bring down the price-level. The period of
industrial growth is, therefore, one of unusual stress for a country like India. The transformation of primitive agriculture into a
scientific agriculture is therefore achieved at a high cost, entailing enormous sacrifice on the part of the common man.
We are now on the threshold of an agricultural revolution. Of course, India's major Steel Plants (at Villai, Rourkella, Bokharo and
Durgapur) are largely meeting India's steel needs. Our River Valley projects are now irrigating a large percentage of our arable land.
Others like the Narmoda and Koshi dams are on their way to completion. Fertiliser plants at Sindhri and other places are helping the
farmers with chemical manures and insecticides. The major problem now is the preservation of the environment.
The sudden rise in the price of crude oil has hit our fertiliser industry. The enormous cost of all these is proving a well-high burden.
We have to tighten our belt and face the challenge. There is no doubt that once our industrial complexes gets going, the road to
prosperity will be fairly smooth, and agricultural and industrial progress will supplement each other.

8. Advantages and dis advantages of tractors
Advantages:
1) Can pull heavy loads
2) They are built to last many years, and are able to withstand harsh conditions
3) Makes farming, planting, seeding, tilling, fertilizing, and reaping much faster and efficient than if done by
hand
Disadvantages:
1) Lacking speed
2) requires careful maintenance (just like a car)
3) they produce exhaust of diesel fumes (bad for the environment)

9. Tractor sales in india
Growth momentum in tractor market continues
Volume growth in the Indian tractor industry has
remained strong in 9m FY12 even when the
automotive industry has experienced slackening
demand on account of rising inflation, hardening
interest rates and increasing fuel prices. After a
period of downturn during FY08 and FY09, the
up-cycle in the tractor market has extended over
the last three years (FY10-9mFY12). Some of the
cyclical factors that have contributed to healthy
demand side economics are good south-west
monsoons supporting farm output, strong rural
liquidity sustained by higher minimum support
price (MSP) for crops and double digit food
inflation, besides adequate credit availability
driven by NBFCs and private banks. Structural
drivers like scarcity of farm labour in light of
alternate employment opportunities, steady
replacement demand and growing non-
agricultural use of tractors have also supported
tractor volumes. In addition, long-term drivers of
the industry such as low tractor penetration,
increasing budgetary allocation towards the rural
sector and government support for farm
mechanisation remain favourable.
However, near term growth rate may see
moderation .

10. Monthly sales
However, near term growth rate may see
moderation
Notwithstanding growth moderation during
Nov-11 and Dec-11, tractor sales have
witnessed double-digit sales growth in most
of the months during 9m FY12, with strong
growth around the festive season. Oct-11
saw the industry report record monthly
volumes in light of buoyant demand from
both the export and domestic market. Sales
volumes, however, tapered during Nov-11
and Dec-11 after a good festival season;
considering that these months are usually
weak in terms of tractor demand. Further,
estimates for tractor sales for January month
signal some shrinkage in tractor volumes.
While rabi crop output is expected to be
healthy, there are concerns that a bumper
output shall put pressure on farm gate prices,
ultimately resulting in lower-than-expected
cash inflow for farmers. Some moderation in
growth is thus likely in the coming months.
Apart from issues related to earnings from
rabi crop, there are also concerns on rising
non-performing assets (NPA) of tractor loans
with public sector undertaking (PSU) banks.