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Learning Landscapes

(Bali, May 2009)
Reading landscapes
Reading landscapes
Reading landscapes
Reading landscapes
Reading
landscapes
Reading
landscapes
Taking a landscape...
Which are the options?


                      High value       Rich          Well forested
                        timber      biodiversity      catchment


       Subsistence
        farm land                                               Ancestral
                                                                homeland

       Grazing land
                                                                Attractive
                                                                scenery,
                                                                 tourism
       Commercial
        farm land
                                                             Human
                                                            settlement
                         Biofuel          Sub-soil
                       production         richness
Which are the drivers behind?

                      Migratio
                                                     District
                         n
                                                     policy

         Local food
          demand                                                  Foreign
                                                                investment

      Local Market
         prices
                                                                     Land
                                                                    pressure
      Local power
       relations
                                                                  Land
        Decentralisatio                                          grabbing
             n
                                                       Tourism
                                                     development
                      Land tenure
                        regime
                                    Emancipation
                                     of minorities
Multi-level and multi-scale




                   Landscape



                               Giller et al, 2008
Governance of landscapes


  Governance unit          Governance structure
  Municipality             Municipal
                           government/council

  District                 District government/council

  Country                  National
                           government/parliament

  Landscape                ????
Landscapes as complex systems:

n Not easy to understand
n Cannot be controlled or planned
n But can be influenced
Complex landscapes




             Complex     Complicated




               Chaotic   Simple




                                          Source: Cynefin Framework,
                              Cognitive Edge (www.cognitive-edge.com)
Simple        Results are         Recipe
              predictable         Instructions
                                  Rules/regulations
Complicated   Results are more Puzzle
              or less predictable Problem trees
                                  Logical frameworks
                                  Guidelines
Complex       Results are         Scenarios
              unpredictable and dialogue
              future is uncertain Adaptive management
                                  Learning
Social learning at the scale of landscapes




     “Rules & regulations”
   Planning intervention logic
                                       Influence the
                                        landscape/
                                        restoration
  “Dialogue & social learning”
  Relations and network logic
Social learning at the scale of landscapes


   n   Working across administrative boundaries
   n   Dealing with uncertainties
   n   Need for multi-stakeholder dialogue
   n   Enhancing co-creation and innovation
   n   Adaptive management
   n   Constant learning
   n   Learning in networks
Living in a network society


Everybody is member of a network
Most likely more than one
Living in a network society


Everybody is member of a network
Most likely more than one


   Networks enhanced through:
   §Face-to-face communication
   §Telephone
   §internet
Networks

It is said that through networks, you are no further
than six networks away from anybody in the world
Networks


Networks are connected through its members
Networks: different scales and different levels


                                      Individual
                                      network


                                                   Local or
                                                   regional
                                                   networks



                                                       Global
                                                       networks
About networks


 n   One (or more) shared interest by all members of
     the network

 n   Networks may be consciously established and
     formal, or unconsciously created and informal

 n   Different networks can be connected through one
     or more actors participating in more than one
     network
Networks
Networks   across spaces and scales




                                            “Me in my
   green – local                            landscape”
   pink - national
   blue – international               Source: Ashish Shah, Kenya
About networks



 n   Networks for communication
 n   Networks for capacity development
 n   Networks for governance
 n   Networks for policy making
 n   Networks for innovation
 n   Networks for learning
Learning in networks
Conditions for the well-functioning of networks

n   Members share a collective interest
n   members should suppress their wish to dominate
    the process
n   Shared leadership
n   members should not wait for instructions, but be
    pro-active and contribute voluntarily
n   Members should respect each other since all
    contributions are valuable
n   All members are responsible for the outcome
n   Sense of collective learning being more important
    than individual gain
GPFLR Learning Network




                         GPFLR
GPFLR learning network




n   Generic GPFLR website:
    http://www.ideastransformlandscapes.org

n   FLR Learning platform:
    http://learning.gpflr.webfactional.com
How are we going to organise ourselves?
How are we going to organise ourselves?


 §   What are we going to DO?
 §   How are we going to learn?
 §   What are we going to learn (learning priorities?
 §   How do we shape the learning network?
 §   Which will be our learning sites
 §   Who is responsible for the overall learning
     process?

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Learning in networks by Cora van Oosten

  • 9. Which are the options? High value Rich Well forested timber biodiversity catchment Subsistence farm land Ancestral homeland Grazing land Attractive scenery, tourism Commercial farm land Human settlement Biofuel Sub-soil production richness
  • 10. Which are the drivers behind? Migratio District n policy Local food demand Foreign investment Local Market prices Land pressure Local power relations Land Decentralisatio grabbing n Tourism development Land tenure regime Emancipation of minorities
  • 11.
  • 12. Multi-level and multi-scale Landscape Giller et al, 2008
  • 13. Governance of landscapes Governance unit Governance structure Municipality Municipal government/council District District government/council Country National government/parliament Landscape ????
  • 14. Landscapes as complex systems: n Not easy to understand n Cannot be controlled or planned n But can be influenced
  • 15. Complex landscapes Complex Complicated Chaotic Simple Source: Cynefin Framework, Cognitive Edge (www.cognitive-edge.com)
  • 16. Simple Results are Recipe predictable Instructions Rules/regulations Complicated Results are more Puzzle or less predictable Problem trees Logical frameworks Guidelines Complex Results are Scenarios unpredictable and dialogue future is uncertain Adaptive management Learning
  • 17. Social learning at the scale of landscapes “Rules & regulations” Planning intervention logic Influence the landscape/ restoration “Dialogue & social learning” Relations and network logic
  • 18. Social learning at the scale of landscapes n Working across administrative boundaries n Dealing with uncertainties n Need for multi-stakeholder dialogue n Enhancing co-creation and innovation n Adaptive management n Constant learning n Learning in networks
  • 19. Living in a network society Everybody is member of a network Most likely more than one
  • 20. Living in a network society Everybody is member of a network Most likely more than one Networks enhanced through: §Face-to-face communication §Telephone §internet
  • 21. Networks It is said that through networks, you are no further than six networks away from anybody in the world
  • 22. Networks Networks are connected through its members
  • 23. Networks: different scales and different levels Individual network Local or regional networks Global networks
  • 24. About networks n One (or more) shared interest by all members of the network n Networks may be consciously established and formal, or unconsciously created and informal n Different networks can be connected through one or more actors participating in more than one network
  • 26.
  • 27. Networks across spaces and scales “Me in my green – local landscape” pink - national blue – international Source: Ashish Shah, Kenya
  • 28. About networks n Networks for communication n Networks for capacity development n Networks for governance n Networks for policy making n Networks for innovation n Networks for learning
  • 30. Conditions for the well-functioning of networks n Members share a collective interest n members should suppress their wish to dominate the process n Shared leadership n members should not wait for instructions, but be pro-active and contribute voluntarily n Members should respect each other since all contributions are valuable n All members are responsible for the outcome n Sense of collective learning being more important than individual gain
  • 32. GPFLR learning network n Generic GPFLR website: http://www.ideastransformlandscapes.org n FLR Learning platform: http://learning.gpflr.webfactional.com
  • 33. How are we going to organise ourselves?
  • 34. How are we going to organise ourselves? § What are we going to DO? § How are we going to learn? § What are we going to learn (learning priorities? § How do we shape the learning network? § Which will be our learning sites § Who is responsible for the overall learning process?