SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 5
Download to read offline
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735. Volume 5, Issue 2 (Mar. - Apr. 2013), PP 49-53
www.iosrjournals.org

      Parametric Study For Rectangular Microstrip Patch
                          Antennas
     S. S. Yavalkar1, R. T. Dahatonde2, Dr. S. S. Rathod3, Dr. S. B. Deosrkar4
                                           1, 3
                                                  Sardar Patel Inst. Of Technology, Mumbai, India
                                                  2
                                                   Sardar Patel College of Engg., Mumbai,India
                                                       4
                                                         Principal, VPCOE, Baramati, India

 Abstract: This paper discusses the parametric study of Microstrip Patch Antenna. A simple Rectangular
Microstrip Patch Antenna (RMSA) was designed and simulated using Zeland’s Method of Moment (MoM) based
EM simulation package IE3D and its various parameters such as return loss, VSWR and input impédance were
obtained. Then effect of change of width, lenght, loss tangent, feed location, etc is observe on above parameters.
Keywords– Rectangular Microstrip Antenna, Modified Shapes, BW Enhancement, Antenna Design.

                                                                I.    INTRODUCTION
          Physically, MSA consists of a metallic radiating patch backed up by a dielectric substrate and a ground
plane below that. These days, MSAs are widely used in many applications due to their inherent advantages such
as low profile, lightweight, planer configuration and ease of fabrication. However, main limitation of MSAs is
their inherently narrow BW, typically about 5% relative to resonant frequency [1].
          Most of the Wireless communication applications need antenna with broad BW. Therefore, most of the
recent research activities in MSA are aimed towards development of MSAs with wide impedance BW without
sacrificing return loss of the antenna. Many such techniques are proposed in literature. Most of these techniques
are summarized in [2].
          However, techniques such as use of an thick substrate also introduces a large inductance due to
increase length of the probe feed, resulting in a maximum BW of less than 10% of the resonant frequency. Also,
though the designs consisting of stacked patches yields higher BWs (10% to 20% of the resonant frequency);
these designs are complex for fabrication. BW of MSA can also be increased by cutting a resonant slot inside
the patch or by using multi resonator gap coupled and stacked configurations [2]. In this paper, these techniques
are developed to enhance BW of RMSA. A comparative analysis of the various geometries of MSA obtained by
cutting slots inside the radiating patch indicate considerable improvement in BW without much sacrifice on
other performance parameters of MSA such as return loss, VSWR and its input impedance.

                                                      II.       DESIGN OF PATCH ANTENNA
A. Design of RMSA
         According to Transmission line model, MSA is represented as two slots separated by a transmission
line. The Microstrip separates two dielectrics, i.e. air and substrate. Hence most of the electric field lines reside
inside the substrate and some extend to air. This transmission line cannot support pure TEM mode of
propagation since the phase velocities would be different in air and the substrate. Hence, effective dielectric
constant must be obtained in order to account for fringing fields. The value of effective dielectric constant is less
than dielectric constant of the substrate, because the fringing fields around the periphery of the patch are not
confined in the dielectric substrate, but are also spread in the air. The value of this effective dielectric constant is
given by [4];
                                                            1

          eff 
                    r  1   r  1 1  12h   2                                                                       (1)
                      2               2   
                                                 W 
                                                    
         Where in              eff   is effective dielectric constant and        r (Fm-1), h(mm), W(mm) are represents dielectric
constant, height and width of the substrate respectively.
         For RMSA to be an effective radiator, W should be taken equal to a half wavelength corresponding to
the two dielectric mediums (i.e. substrate and air) [1].
                          c                                                                                                   (2)
         W
                          r 1
               2 f0
                               2
         Where, c is velocity of light in free space.

                                                                 www.iosrjournals.org                                     49 | Page
Parametric Study For Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas

         The fringing fields along the width can be modeled as radiating slots increasing electrical length of
patch than physical length [3]. This increase in length is given as;
                                                
                       eff  0.3 h  0.264  
                                    W
                                                                                                                                  (3)
         L  0.412h 
                        0.258 W  0.813  
                                                
                      eff
                                     h         
         Thus at resonance frequency, effective length of the patch is;
         Le  L  2L                                                                                                                (4)
         From these equations, dimensions were obtained for 1.57GHz of L band, The length and width of the
RMSA was found to be 55mm and 45.5mm, respectively. Fig.1 shows above geometry.
         The geometry of this RMSA is shown in Fig.1. This design was simulated using Zeland’s MoM based
EM Simulation Package, IE3D. For simulation purpose FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.47 with
thickness of 1.6mm was considered. The patch was fed by a 50Ω coaxial feed line.

                                                                                    55 mm


                                                                                                                        (10,8)

                                                                                                                        (0,0)
                                           45.5 mm




                                                Fig. 1. Geometry of RMSA
B.    Effect of Feed Location
         The feed-point should be located at a point on patch where input impedance is 50 at resonance
frequency. Return loss at different locations on the patch is compared and a point where return loss (RL) is most
negative is selected as a feed-point. The centre of the patch is taken at origin and feed-point location is given by
coordinates (Xf, Yf) with respect to origin. There exists a point along length where RL is minimum [1].Fig.2
shows the return loss plot. The feed point at (10,8)giving most negative RL while from smith chart feed at
(10,8)giving 50Ω of impedance.

                                      0

                                      -2

                                      -4
                  Return Loss (dB)




                                      -6

                                      -8
                                                            feed   (10,7)
                                     -10
                                                            feed   (10,8)
                                     -12                    feed   (10,9)
                                                            feed   (10,10)
                                     -14                    feed   (10,12)
                                     -16

                                     -18
                                              1.5    1.51   1.52    1.53     1.54   1.55   1.56   1.57   1.58   1.59   1.6
                                                                             Frequency (GHz)


                                                    Fig.2. Effect of Feed Location on Return Loss



                                                              www.iosrjournals.org                                               50 | Page
Parametric Study For Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas

C. Effect of Height
The RL plots for two different values of h (15 mm and 3 mm) are shown in Fig.5 for L = 55 mm,W = 44.5 mm,
εr = 4.4 and feed at (10,08). Fig.3 shows the effect of height on return loss. With an increase in h from 1.5 mm
to 3 mm, following effects are observed:
 With the increase in h, the fringing fields from the edges increase, which increases the extension in length L
     and hence the effective length, thereby decreasing the resonance frequency.
 On the other hand with the increase in h, the W/h ratio reduces which decreases e and hence increases the
     resonance frequency. However, the effect of the increase in ∆L is dominant over the decrease in εr.
     Therefore, the net effect is to decrease the resonance frequency.
     The input impedance plot moves clockwise (i.e., an inductive shift occurs) due to the increase in the probe
     inductance of the coaxial feed.
     The BW of the antenna increases. However, for the thicker substrate, this BW is not the maximum [1].

                                                       0

                                                       -2

                                                       -4

                                                       -6
                      Return Loss (dB)




                                                       -8

                                                -10

                                                -12
                                                                          Height = 1.5 mm
                                                -14
                                                                          Height = 3 mm
                                                -16

                                                -18

                                                -20
                                                   1.48                1.50     1.52         1.54     1.56         1.58         1.60         1.62

                                                                                            Frequency (GHz)
                                                                         Fig.3. Effect of Height on Return Loss

    D. Effect of Width
        With an increase in W from 43.5 mm to 44.5 mm, the following effects are observed:
   The resonance frequency decreases from 1.64 GHz to 1.57 GHz due to the increase in ∆L and εr.
   The BW of the antenna increases; however, it is not very evident from these plots, because the feed point is
    not optimum for the different widths. Accordingly, a better comparison will be obtained when the feed
    point is optimized for the individual widths [1].
        Fig.4 shows the effect on width on return loss and bandwidth.


                                                            0

                                                            -2

                                                            -4
                                    Return Loss (dB)




                                                            -6

                                                            -8

                                                        -10

                                                        -12
                                                                                                    Width = 44.5
                                                        -14                                         Width = 43.5

                                                        -16

                                                        -18
                                                                 1.4    1.5      1.6        1.7      1.8      1.9         2.0          2.1

                                                                                        Frequency (GHz)



                  
                                                                       Fig.4. Effect of Width on Return Loss


                                                                                www.iosrjournals.org                                                51 | Page
Parametric Study For Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas

 E. Effect of ε   r
         For RMSA with L = 55 mm, W= 44.5 mm and feed at (10, 08), when εr is decreased to 1, the
 resonance frequency increases. A better comparison of effect of εr is obtained when the antenna is designed to
 operate in the same frequency range for different values of εr [1]. Fig.5 shows effect εr on return loss and
 bandwidth.


                                          0

                                          -2

                                          -4
                      Return Loss (dB)




                                          -6

                                          -8

                                         -10                r=1
                                         -12                r=2.2
                                         -14
                                                            r=4.47
                                         -16

                                         -18
                                            1.48   1.50          1.52      1.54     1.56    1.58      1.60      1.62
                                                                          Frequency (GHz)

                                                                 Fig.5. Effect of εr on Return Loss

    F. Effect of loss tangent (tan δ)
         For RMSA with L = 55 mm, W= 44.5 mm and feed at (10, 08), when tanδ is decreased from 0.01 to
    0.001 the resonance frequency decreases. Also it is found that lesser the loss tangent less the loss in probe
    giving the wider bandwidth. Fig.6 shows effect of loss tangent on return loss and bandwidth.




                                           0


                                           -5
                 Return Loss (dB)




                                         -10


                                         -15


                                         -20


                                         -25                             tan  = 0.01
                                                                         tan  = 0.001
                                         -30


                                         -35
                                            1.48          1.50           1.52       1.54       1.56          1.58      1.60   1.62

                                                                                  Frequency (GHz)

                                                            Fig.6. Effect of loss tangent on return loss

        The table below, showing the above comparisons in a tabular format so that we can conclude the effect
of parameters on resonance frequency and bandwidth.



                                                                        www.iosrjournals.org                                         52 | Page
Parametric Study For Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas

      Parameters                     Resonance Frequency                         Bandwidth
      Feed Location                  No shift                                    ---
      Height                         Increases                                   Increases
      Width                          Decreases                                   Decreases
      εr                             Decreases                                   Decreases
      Loss Tangent                   Increases                                   Decreases

                                            III.           CONCLUSION
         A comparative study of effect various parameters on bandwidth and return loss of patch antenna is
presented in this paper. It was observed that, to increases resonance frequency height and loss tangent is to be
increased whereas width and εr to be decreases. For increasing bandwidth, height is to be increased whereas
width, εr , loss tangent is to be decreased.

                                                      REFERENCES
[1]   Kumar G. and Ray K.P.,Broadband Microstrip Antenna,Artech House Publication,pp.1-291,2003.
[2]   Kin Lu Wong, Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas,John Wiley & Sons,pp.45-79,2002.
[3]   S.S.Yavalkar, R.T.Dahatonde, S.S.Rathod, S.B.Deosarkar, “Comparative Analysis of Bandwidth Enhancement of Microstrip Patch
      Antenna using Various Geometries,” IOSR Journal,Vol.3, Issue 4, Sep.2012




                                                 www.iosrjournals.org                                                53 | Page

More Related Content

What's hot

Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...researchinventy
 
IRJET - Co-Axial Fed Tri-Slot Antenna for Triple-Band Application
IRJET - Co-Axial Fed Tri-Slot Antenna for Triple-Band ApplicationIRJET - Co-Axial Fed Tri-Slot Antenna for Triple-Band Application
IRJET - Co-Axial Fed Tri-Slot Antenna for Triple-Band ApplicationIRJET Journal
 
STUDIED ON A MULTICLADDED ERBIUM DOPED DISPERSION COMPENSATING FIBER AMPLIFIER
STUDIED ON A MULTICLADDED ERBIUM DOPED DISPERSION COMPENSATING FIBER AMPLIFIERSTUDIED ON A MULTICLADDED ERBIUM DOPED DISPERSION COMPENSATING FIBER AMPLIFIER
STUDIED ON A MULTICLADDED ERBIUM DOPED DISPERSION COMPENSATING FIBER AMPLIFIERcscpconf
 
Low Profile Inverted-F-L Antenna for 5.5 GHz WiMAX Applications
Low Profile Inverted-F-L Antenna for 5.5 GHz WiMAX ApplicationsLow Profile Inverted-F-L Antenna for 5.5 GHz WiMAX Applications
Low Profile Inverted-F-L Antenna for 5.5 GHz WiMAX ApplicationsIDES Editor
 
A Probe-Fed Patch Antenna with a Step-Shaped Ground Plane for 2.4 GHz Access ...
A Probe-Fed Patch Antenna with a Step-Shaped Ground Plane for 2.4 GHz Access ...A Probe-Fed Patch Antenna with a Step-Shaped Ground Plane for 2.4 GHz Access ...
A Probe-Fed Patch Antenna with a Step-Shaped Ground Plane for 2.4 GHz Access ...Saou-Wen Su
 
Polarisation non-reciprocity cancelling in Sagnac fibre ring interferometer: ...
Polarisation non-reciprocity cancelling in Sagnac fibre ring interferometer: ...Polarisation non-reciprocity cancelling in Sagnac fibre ring interferometer: ...
Polarisation non-reciprocity cancelling in Sagnac fibre ring interferometer: ...Kurbatov Roman
 
Octagon shaped slot loaded rectangular microstrip monopole antennas for
Octagon shaped slot loaded rectangular microstrip monopole antennas forOctagon shaped slot loaded rectangular microstrip monopole antennas for
Octagon shaped slot loaded rectangular microstrip monopole antennas forIAEME Publication
 
A Compact Reconfigurable Dual Band-notched Ultra-wideband Antenna using Varac...
A Compact Reconfigurable Dual Band-notched Ultra-wideband Antenna using Varac...A Compact Reconfigurable Dual Band-notched Ultra-wideband Antenna using Varac...
A Compact Reconfigurable Dual Band-notched Ultra-wideband Antenna using Varac...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
 
Compact Vertical Patch Antenna for Dual-Band WLAN Operation
Compact Vertical Patch Antenna for Dual-Band WLAN OperationCompact Vertical Patch Antenna for Dual-Band WLAN Operation
Compact Vertical Patch Antenna for Dual-Band WLAN OperationSaou-Wen Su
 
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...researchinventy
 
Design and simulation of broadband rectangular microstrip antenna
Design and simulation of broadband rectangular microstrip antennaDesign and simulation of broadband rectangular microstrip antenna
Design and simulation of broadband rectangular microstrip antennaBASIM AL-SHAMMARI
 
Integrated Open Loop Resonator Filter Designed with Notch Patch Antenna for M...
Integrated Open Loop Resonator Filter Designed with Notch Patch Antenna for M...Integrated Open Loop Resonator Filter Designed with Notch Patch Antenna for M...
Integrated Open Loop Resonator Filter Designed with Notch Patch Antenna for M...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
 

What's hot (18)

Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...
 
Ey24943946
Ey24943946Ey24943946
Ey24943946
 
IRJET - Co-Axial Fed Tri-Slot Antenna for Triple-Band Application
IRJET - Co-Axial Fed Tri-Slot Antenna for Triple-Band ApplicationIRJET - Co-Axial Fed Tri-Slot Antenna for Triple-Band Application
IRJET - Co-Axial Fed Tri-Slot Antenna for Triple-Band Application
 
STUDIED ON A MULTICLADDED ERBIUM DOPED DISPERSION COMPENSATING FIBER AMPLIFIER
STUDIED ON A MULTICLADDED ERBIUM DOPED DISPERSION COMPENSATING FIBER AMPLIFIERSTUDIED ON A MULTICLADDED ERBIUM DOPED DISPERSION COMPENSATING FIBER AMPLIFIER
STUDIED ON A MULTICLADDED ERBIUM DOPED DISPERSION COMPENSATING FIBER AMPLIFIER
 
Low Profile Inverted-F-L Antenna for 5.5 GHz WiMAX Applications
Low Profile Inverted-F-L Antenna for 5.5 GHz WiMAX ApplicationsLow Profile Inverted-F-L Antenna for 5.5 GHz WiMAX Applications
Low Profile Inverted-F-L Antenna for 5.5 GHz WiMAX Applications
 
A Probe-Fed Patch Antenna with a Step-Shaped Ground Plane for 2.4 GHz Access ...
A Probe-Fed Patch Antenna with a Step-Shaped Ground Plane for 2.4 GHz Access ...A Probe-Fed Patch Antenna with a Step-Shaped Ground Plane for 2.4 GHz Access ...
A Probe-Fed Patch Antenna with a Step-Shaped Ground Plane for 2.4 GHz Access ...
 
Polarisation non-reciprocity cancelling in Sagnac fibre ring interferometer: ...
Polarisation non-reciprocity cancelling in Sagnac fibre ring interferometer: ...Polarisation non-reciprocity cancelling in Sagnac fibre ring interferometer: ...
Polarisation non-reciprocity cancelling in Sagnac fibre ring interferometer: ...
 
Octagon shaped slot loaded rectangular microstrip monopole antennas for
Octagon shaped slot loaded rectangular microstrip monopole antennas forOctagon shaped slot loaded rectangular microstrip monopole antennas for
Octagon shaped slot loaded rectangular microstrip monopole antennas for
 
Amcaas Beamforming
Amcaas BeamformingAmcaas Beamforming
Amcaas Beamforming
 
A Compact Reconfigurable Dual Band-notched Ultra-wideband Antenna using Varac...
A Compact Reconfigurable Dual Band-notched Ultra-wideband Antenna using Varac...A Compact Reconfigurable Dual Band-notched Ultra-wideband Antenna using Varac...
A Compact Reconfigurable Dual Band-notched Ultra-wideband Antenna using Varac...
 
Eq25879884
Eq25879884Eq25879884
Eq25879884
 
Compact Vertical Patch Antenna for Dual-Band WLAN Operation
Compact Vertical Patch Antenna for Dual-Band WLAN OperationCompact Vertical Patch Antenna for Dual-Band WLAN Operation
Compact Vertical Patch Antenna for Dual-Band WLAN Operation
 
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...
 
Ko2417921795
Ko2417921795Ko2417921795
Ko2417921795
 
Dp25687691
Dp25687691Dp25687691
Dp25687691
 
Design and simulation of broadband rectangular microstrip antenna
Design and simulation of broadband rectangular microstrip antennaDesign and simulation of broadband rectangular microstrip antenna
Design and simulation of broadband rectangular microstrip antenna
 
Integrated Open Loop Resonator Filter Designed with Notch Patch Antenna for M...
Integrated Open Loop Resonator Filter Designed with Notch Patch Antenna for M...Integrated Open Loop Resonator Filter Designed with Notch Patch Antenna for M...
Integrated Open Loop Resonator Filter Designed with Notch Patch Antenna for M...
 
Ec25784792
Ec25784792Ec25784792
Ec25784792
 

Viewers also liked

A Test presentation for slide share
A Test presentation for slide shareA Test presentation for slide share
A Test presentation for slide shareMichael Espinoza
 
Detection of Session Hijacking and IP Spoofing Using Sensor Nodes and Cryptog...
Detection of Session Hijacking and IP Spoofing Using Sensor Nodes and Cryptog...Detection of Session Hijacking and IP Spoofing Using Sensor Nodes and Cryptog...
Detection of Session Hijacking and IP Spoofing Using Sensor Nodes and Cryptog...IOSR Journals
 
Tarjetas evaluación
Tarjetas evaluaciónTarjetas evaluación
Tarjetas evaluaciónLutty diaz
 
Enabling Use of Dynamic Anonymization for Enhanced Security in Cloud
Enabling Use of Dynamic Anonymization for Enhanced Security in CloudEnabling Use of Dynamic Anonymization for Enhanced Security in Cloud
Enabling Use of Dynamic Anonymization for Enhanced Security in CloudIOSR Journals
 
Barreiras Sanitárias e Comércio Internacional
Barreiras Sanitárias e Comércio InternacionalBarreiras Sanitárias e Comércio Internacional
Barreiras Sanitárias e Comércio InternacionalPaulo Fernando Mota
 
Evaluation of Uncertain Location
Evaluation of Uncertain Location Evaluation of Uncertain Location
Evaluation of Uncertain Location IOSR Journals
 
The Look Noviembre Diciembre 2012
The Look Noviembre Diciembre 2012The Look Noviembre Diciembre 2012
The Look Noviembre Diciembre 2012MaryKayPuebla
 
Sistema de Comando de incidentes, Como organizar recursos
Sistema de Comando de incidentes, Como organizar recursosSistema de Comando de incidentes, Como organizar recursos
Sistema de Comando de incidentes, Como organizar recursosYeison Ramirez
 
Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) In a Small Po...
Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) In a Small Po...Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) In a Small Po...
Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) In a Small Po...IOSR Journals
 
Презентация Барского района - Проект приграничного сотрудничества Украина - М...
Презентация Барского района - Проект приграничного сотрудничества Украина - М...Презентация Барского района - Проект приграничного сотрудничества Украина - М...
Презентация Барского района - Проект приграничного сотрудничества Украина - М...Anastasia Lanina
 
A Secure Software Implementation of Nonlinear Advanced Encryption Standard
A Secure Software Implementation of Nonlinear Advanced Encryption StandardA Secure Software Implementation of Nonlinear Advanced Encryption Standard
A Secure Software Implementation of Nonlinear Advanced Encryption StandardIOSR Journals
 
Body in mind
Body in mindBody in mind
Body in mindAlebmj
 
Творческое чтение и развитие одарённости
Творческое чтение и развитие одарённостиТворческое чтение и развитие одарённости
Творческое чтение и развитие одарённостиNatalya Dyrda
 

Viewers also liked (20)

D0931621
D0931621D0931621
D0931621
 
A Test presentation for slide share
A Test presentation for slide shareA Test presentation for slide share
A Test presentation for slide share
 
Detection of Session Hijacking and IP Spoofing Using Sensor Nodes and Cryptog...
Detection of Session Hijacking and IP Spoofing Using Sensor Nodes and Cryptog...Detection of Session Hijacking and IP Spoofing Using Sensor Nodes and Cryptog...
Detection of Session Hijacking and IP Spoofing Using Sensor Nodes and Cryptog...
 
Tarjetas evaluación
Tarjetas evaluaciónTarjetas evaluación
Tarjetas evaluación
 
Enabling Use of Dynamic Anonymization for Enhanced Security in Cloud
Enabling Use of Dynamic Anonymization for Enhanced Security in CloudEnabling Use of Dynamic Anonymization for Enhanced Security in Cloud
Enabling Use of Dynamic Anonymization for Enhanced Security in Cloud
 
D0952832
D0952832D0952832
D0952832
 
Barreiras Sanitárias e Comércio Internacional
Barreiras Sanitárias e Comércio InternacionalBarreiras Sanitárias e Comércio Internacional
Barreiras Sanitárias e Comércio Internacional
 
Evaluation of Uncertain Location
Evaluation of Uncertain Location Evaluation of Uncertain Location
Evaluation of Uncertain Location
 
Custom keys
Custom keysCustom keys
Custom keys
 
The Look Noviembre Diciembre 2012
The Look Noviembre Diciembre 2012The Look Noviembre Diciembre 2012
The Look Noviembre Diciembre 2012
 
Manos a la siembra.
Manos a la siembra.Manos a la siembra.
Manos a la siembra.
 
Sistema de Comando de incidentes, Como organizar recursos
Sistema de Comando de incidentes, Como organizar recursosSistema de Comando de incidentes, Como organizar recursos
Sistema de Comando de incidentes, Como organizar recursos
 
Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) In a Small Po...
Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) In a Small Po...Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) In a Small Po...
Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) In a Small Po...
 
B0441418
B0441418B0441418
B0441418
 
I0355561
I0355561I0355561
I0355561
 
G0933443
G0933443G0933443
G0933443
 
Презентация Барского района - Проект приграничного сотрудничества Украина - М...
Презентация Барского района - Проект приграничного сотрудничества Украина - М...Презентация Барского района - Проект приграничного сотрудничества Украина - М...
Презентация Барского района - Проект приграничного сотрудничества Украина - М...
 
A Secure Software Implementation of Nonlinear Advanced Encryption Standard
A Secure Software Implementation of Nonlinear Advanced Encryption StandardA Secure Software Implementation of Nonlinear Advanced Encryption Standard
A Secure Software Implementation of Nonlinear Advanced Encryption Standard
 
Body in mind
Body in mindBody in mind
Body in mind
 
Творческое чтение и развитие одарённости
Творческое чтение и развитие одарённостиТворческое чтение и развитие одарённости
Творческое чтение и развитие одарённости
 

Similar to I0524953

Design and development of low profile, dual band microstrip antenna with enha...
Design and development of low profile, dual band microstrip antenna with enha...Design and development of low profile, dual band microstrip antenna with enha...
Design and development of low profile, dual band microstrip antenna with enha...IAEME Publication
 
Design of radiating edge gap-coupled broadband
Design of radiating edge gap-coupled broadbandDesign of radiating edge gap-coupled broadband
Design of radiating edge gap-coupled broadbandIAEME Publication
 
Design of radiating edge gap-coupled broadband
Design of radiating edge gap-coupled broadbandDesign of radiating edge gap-coupled broadband
Design of radiating edge gap-coupled broadbandIAEME Publication
 
An Optimization Of Circularly Polarized Knight’s Helm Shaped Patch Antenna Fo...
An Optimization Of Circularly Polarized Knight’s Helm Shaped Patch Antenna Fo...An Optimization Of Circularly Polarized Knight’s Helm Shaped Patch Antenna Fo...
An Optimization Of Circularly Polarized Knight’s Helm Shaped Patch Antenna Fo...IOSR Journals
 
Microstrip patch antenna for pcs and wlan
Microstrip patch antenna for pcs and wlanMicrostrip patch antenna for pcs and wlan
Microstrip patch antenna for pcs and wlaneSAT Journals
 
Design of Rectangular Shaped Slotted Micro Strip Antenna for Triple Frequency...
Design of Rectangular Shaped Slotted Micro Strip Antenna for Triple Frequency...Design of Rectangular Shaped Slotted Micro Strip Antenna for Triple Frequency...
Design of Rectangular Shaped Slotted Micro Strip Antenna for Triple Frequency...IRJET Journal
 
Design and simulation of broadband rectangular microstrip antenna
Design and simulation of broadband rectangular microstrip antennaDesign and simulation of broadband rectangular microstrip antenna
Design and simulation of broadband rectangular microstrip antennaBASIM AL-SHAMMARI
 
Design and development of microstrip array antenna for wide dual band operation
Design and development of microstrip array antenna for wide dual band operationDesign and development of microstrip array antenna for wide dual band operation
Design and development of microstrip array antenna for wide dual band operationIAEME Publication
 
Complementary symmetric corner truncated compact square microstrip antenna fo...
Complementary symmetric corner truncated compact square microstrip antenna fo...Complementary symmetric corner truncated compact square microstrip antenna fo...
Complementary symmetric corner truncated compact square microstrip antenna fo...IAEME Publication
 
8. nan ijece edit sat
8. nan ijece edit sat8. nan ijece edit sat
8. nan ijece edit satIAESIJEECS
 
A Design of Double Swastika Slot Microstrip Antenna for Ultra Wide Band and W...
A Design of Double Swastika Slot Microstrip Antenna for Ultra Wide Band and W...A Design of Double Swastika Slot Microstrip Antenna for Ultra Wide Band and W...
A Design of Double Swastika Slot Microstrip Antenna for Ultra Wide Band and W...ijcisjournal
 
Compact self complementary antenna for xband applications
Compact self complementary antenna for xband applicationsCompact self complementary antenna for xband applications
Compact self complementary antenna for xband applicationsIAEME Publication
 
journal of engineering and applied science
journal of engineering and applied sciencejournal of engineering and applied science
journal of engineering and applied sciencerikaseorika
 
Design of a Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for GPS,WiMAX and WLAN
Design of a Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for GPS,WiMAX and WLANDesign of a Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for GPS,WiMAX and WLAN
Design of a Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for GPS,WiMAX and WLANIOSR Journals
 

Similar to I0524953 (20)

595290
595290595290
595290
 
Design and development of low profile, dual band microstrip antenna with enha...
Design and development of low profile, dual band microstrip antenna with enha...Design and development of low profile, dual band microstrip antenna with enha...
Design and development of low profile, dual band microstrip antenna with enha...
 
Design of radiating edge gap-coupled broadband
Design of radiating edge gap-coupled broadbandDesign of radiating edge gap-coupled broadband
Design of radiating edge gap-coupled broadband
 
Design of radiating edge gap-coupled broadband
Design of radiating edge gap-coupled broadbandDesign of radiating edge gap-coupled broadband
Design of radiating edge gap-coupled broadband
 
Gm3112421245
Gm3112421245Gm3112421245
Gm3112421245
 
C010111117
C010111117C010111117
C010111117
 
An Optimization Of Circularly Polarized Knight’s Helm Shaped Patch Antenna Fo...
An Optimization Of Circularly Polarized Knight’s Helm Shaped Patch Antenna Fo...An Optimization Of Circularly Polarized Knight’s Helm Shaped Patch Antenna Fo...
An Optimization Of Circularly Polarized Knight’s Helm Shaped Patch Antenna Fo...
 
Microstrip patch antenna for pcs and wlan
Microstrip patch antenna for pcs and wlanMicrostrip patch antenna for pcs and wlan
Microstrip patch antenna for pcs and wlan
 
Design of Rectangular Shaped Slotted Micro Strip Antenna for Triple Frequency...
Design of Rectangular Shaped Slotted Micro Strip Antenna for Triple Frequency...Design of Rectangular Shaped Slotted Micro Strip Antenna for Triple Frequency...
Design of Rectangular Shaped Slotted Micro Strip Antenna for Triple Frequency...
 
3 p8 1518
3 p8 15183 p8 1518
3 p8 1518
 
Design and simulation of broadband rectangular microstrip antenna
Design and simulation of broadband rectangular microstrip antennaDesign and simulation of broadband rectangular microstrip antenna
Design and simulation of broadband rectangular microstrip antenna
 
Design and development of microstrip array antenna for wide dual band operation
Design and development of microstrip array antenna for wide dual band operationDesign and development of microstrip array antenna for wide dual band operation
Design and development of microstrip array antenna for wide dual band operation
 
Complementary symmetric corner truncated compact square microstrip antenna fo...
Complementary symmetric corner truncated compact square microstrip antenna fo...Complementary symmetric corner truncated compact square microstrip antenna fo...
Complementary symmetric corner truncated compact square microstrip antenna fo...
 
8. nan ijece edit sat
8. nan ijece edit sat8. nan ijece edit sat
8. nan ijece edit sat
 
A Design of Double Swastika Slot Microstrip Antenna for Ultra Wide Band and W...
A Design of Double Swastika Slot Microstrip Antenna for Ultra Wide Band and W...A Design of Double Swastika Slot Microstrip Antenna for Ultra Wide Band and W...
A Design of Double Swastika Slot Microstrip Antenna for Ultra Wide Band and W...
 
Compact self complementary antenna for xband applications
Compact self complementary antenna for xband applicationsCompact self complementary antenna for xband applications
Compact self complementary antenna for xband applications
 
journal of engineering and applied science
journal of engineering and applied sciencejournal of engineering and applied science
journal of engineering and applied science
 
Hx2615541560
Hx2615541560Hx2615541560
Hx2615541560
 
743046
743046743046
743046
 
Design of a Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for GPS,WiMAX and WLAN
Design of a Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for GPS,WiMAX and WLANDesign of a Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for GPS,WiMAX and WLAN
Design of a Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for GPS,WiMAX and WLAN
 

More from IOSR Journals (20)

A011140104
A011140104A011140104
A011140104
 
M0111397100
M0111397100M0111397100
M0111397100
 
L011138596
L011138596L011138596
L011138596
 
K011138084
K011138084K011138084
K011138084
 
J011137479
J011137479J011137479
J011137479
 
I011136673
I011136673I011136673
I011136673
 
G011134454
G011134454G011134454
G011134454
 
H011135565
H011135565H011135565
H011135565
 
F011134043
F011134043F011134043
F011134043
 
E011133639
E011133639E011133639
E011133639
 
D011132635
D011132635D011132635
D011132635
 
C011131925
C011131925C011131925
C011131925
 
B011130918
B011130918B011130918
B011130918
 
A011130108
A011130108A011130108
A011130108
 
I011125160
I011125160I011125160
I011125160
 
H011124050
H011124050H011124050
H011124050
 
G011123539
G011123539G011123539
G011123539
 
F011123134
F011123134F011123134
F011123134
 
E011122530
E011122530E011122530
E011122530
 
D011121524
D011121524D011121524
D011121524
 

I0524953

  • 1. IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735. Volume 5, Issue 2 (Mar. - Apr. 2013), PP 49-53 www.iosrjournals.org Parametric Study For Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas S. S. Yavalkar1, R. T. Dahatonde2, Dr. S. S. Rathod3, Dr. S. B. Deosrkar4 1, 3 Sardar Patel Inst. Of Technology, Mumbai, India 2 Sardar Patel College of Engg., Mumbai,India 4 Principal, VPCOE, Baramati, India Abstract: This paper discusses the parametric study of Microstrip Patch Antenna. A simple Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (RMSA) was designed and simulated using Zeland’s Method of Moment (MoM) based EM simulation package IE3D and its various parameters such as return loss, VSWR and input impédance were obtained. Then effect of change of width, lenght, loss tangent, feed location, etc is observe on above parameters. Keywords– Rectangular Microstrip Antenna, Modified Shapes, BW Enhancement, Antenna Design. I. INTRODUCTION Physically, MSA consists of a metallic radiating patch backed up by a dielectric substrate and a ground plane below that. These days, MSAs are widely used in many applications due to their inherent advantages such as low profile, lightweight, planer configuration and ease of fabrication. However, main limitation of MSAs is their inherently narrow BW, typically about 5% relative to resonant frequency [1]. Most of the Wireless communication applications need antenna with broad BW. Therefore, most of the recent research activities in MSA are aimed towards development of MSAs with wide impedance BW without sacrificing return loss of the antenna. Many such techniques are proposed in literature. Most of these techniques are summarized in [2]. However, techniques such as use of an thick substrate also introduces a large inductance due to increase length of the probe feed, resulting in a maximum BW of less than 10% of the resonant frequency. Also, though the designs consisting of stacked patches yields higher BWs (10% to 20% of the resonant frequency); these designs are complex for fabrication. BW of MSA can also be increased by cutting a resonant slot inside the patch or by using multi resonator gap coupled and stacked configurations [2]. In this paper, these techniques are developed to enhance BW of RMSA. A comparative analysis of the various geometries of MSA obtained by cutting slots inside the radiating patch indicate considerable improvement in BW without much sacrifice on other performance parameters of MSA such as return loss, VSWR and its input impedance. II. DESIGN OF PATCH ANTENNA A. Design of RMSA According to Transmission line model, MSA is represented as two slots separated by a transmission line. The Microstrip separates two dielectrics, i.e. air and substrate. Hence most of the electric field lines reside inside the substrate and some extend to air. This transmission line cannot support pure TEM mode of propagation since the phase velocities would be different in air and the substrate. Hence, effective dielectric constant must be obtained in order to account for fringing fields. The value of effective dielectric constant is less than dielectric constant of the substrate, because the fringing fields around the periphery of the patch are not confined in the dielectric substrate, but are also spread in the air. The value of this effective dielectric constant is given by [4]; 1  eff   r  1   r  1 1  12h   2 (1) 2 2   W   Where in  eff is effective dielectric constant and  r (Fm-1), h(mm), W(mm) are represents dielectric constant, height and width of the substrate respectively. For RMSA to be an effective radiator, W should be taken equal to a half wavelength corresponding to the two dielectric mediums (i.e. substrate and air) [1]. c (2) W r 1 2 f0 2 Where, c is velocity of light in free space. www.iosrjournals.org 49 | Page
  • 2. Parametric Study For Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas The fringing fields along the width can be modeled as radiating slots increasing electrical length of patch than physical length [3]. This increase in length is given as;      eff  0.3 h  0.264   W    (3) L  0.412h     0.258 W  0.813      eff  h  Thus at resonance frequency, effective length of the patch is; Le  L  2L (4) From these equations, dimensions were obtained for 1.57GHz of L band, The length and width of the RMSA was found to be 55mm and 45.5mm, respectively. Fig.1 shows above geometry. The geometry of this RMSA is shown in Fig.1. This design was simulated using Zeland’s MoM based EM Simulation Package, IE3D. For simulation purpose FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.47 with thickness of 1.6mm was considered. The patch was fed by a 50Ω coaxial feed line. 55 mm (10,8) (0,0) 45.5 mm Fig. 1. Geometry of RMSA B. Effect of Feed Location The feed-point should be located at a point on patch where input impedance is 50 at resonance frequency. Return loss at different locations on the patch is compared and a point where return loss (RL) is most negative is selected as a feed-point. The centre of the patch is taken at origin and feed-point location is given by coordinates (Xf, Yf) with respect to origin. There exists a point along length where RL is minimum [1].Fig.2 shows the return loss plot. The feed point at (10,8)giving most negative RL while from smith chart feed at (10,8)giving 50Ω of impedance. 0 -2 -4 Return Loss (dB) -6 -8 feed (10,7) -10 feed (10,8) -12 feed (10,9) feed (10,10) -14 feed (10,12) -16 -18 1.5 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.58 1.59 1.6 Frequency (GHz) Fig.2. Effect of Feed Location on Return Loss www.iosrjournals.org 50 | Page
  • 3. Parametric Study For Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas C. Effect of Height The RL plots for two different values of h (15 mm and 3 mm) are shown in Fig.5 for L = 55 mm,W = 44.5 mm, εr = 4.4 and feed at (10,08). Fig.3 shows the effect of height on return loss. With an increase in h from 1.5 mm to 3 mm, following effects are observed:  With the increase in h, the fringing fields from the edges increase, which increases the extension in length L and hence the effective length, thereby decreasing the resonance frequency.  On the other hand with the increase in h, the W/h ratio reduces which decreases e and hence increases the resonance frequency. However, the effect of the increase in ∆L is dominant over the decrease in εr. Therefore, the net effect is to decrease the resonance frequency.  The input impedance plot moves clockwise (i.e., an inductive shift occurs) due to the increase in the probe inductance of the coaxial feed.  The BW of the antenna increases. However, for the thicker substrate, this BW is not the maximum [1]. 0 -2 -4 -6 Return Loss (dB) -8 -10 -12 Height = 1.5 mm -14 Height = 3 mm -16 -18 -20 1.48 1.50 1.52 1.54 1.56 1.58 1.60 1.62 Frequency (GHz) Fig.3. Effect of Height on Return Loss D. Effect of Width With an increase in W from 43.5 mm to 44.5 mm, the following effects are observed:  The resonance frequency decreases from 1.64 GHz to 1.57 GHz due to the increase in ∆L and εr.  The BW of the antenna increases; however, it is not very evident from these plots, because the feed point is not optimum for the different widths. Accordingly, a better comparison will be obtained when the feed point is optimized for the individual widths [1]. Fig.4 shows the effect on width on return loss and bandwidth. 0 -2 -4 Return Loss (dB) -6 -8 -10 -12 Width = 44.5 -14 Width = 43.5 -16 -18 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 Frequency (GHz)  Fig.4. Effect of Width on Return Loss www.iosrjournals.org 51 | Page
  • 4. Parametric Study For Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas E. Effect of ε r For RMSA with L = 55 mm, W= 44.5 mm and feed at (10, 08), when εr is decreased to 1, the resonance frequency increases. A better comparison of effect of εr is obtained when the antenna is designed to operate in the same frequency range for different values of εr [1]. Fig.5 shows effect εr on return loss and bandwidth. 0 -2 -4 Return Loss (dB) -6 -8 -10 r=1 -12 r=2.2 -14 r=4.47 -16 -18 1.48 1.50 1.52 1.54 1.56 1.58 1.60 1.62 Frequency (GHz) Fig.5. Effect of εr on Return Loss F. Effect of loss tangent (tan δ) For RMSA with L = 55 mm, W= 44.5 mm and feed at (10, 08), when tanδ is decreased from 0.01 to 0.001 the resonance frequency decreases. Also it is found that lesser the loss tangent less the loss in probe giving the wider bandwidth. Fig.6 shows effect of loss tangent on return loss and bandwidth. 0 -5 Return Loss (dB) -10 -15 -20 -25 tan  = 0.01 tan  = 0.001 -30 -35 1.48 1.50 1.52 1.54 1.56 1.58 1.60 1.62 Frequency (GHz) Fig.6. Effect of loss tangent on return loss The table below, showing the above comparisons in a tabular format so that we can conclude the effect of parameters on resonance frequency and bandwidth. www.iosrjournals.org 52 | Page
  • 5. Parametric Study For Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas Parameters Resonance Frequency Bandwidth Feed Location No shift --- Height Increases Increases Width Decreases Decreases εr Decreases Decreases Loss Tangent Increases Decreases III. CONCLUSION A comparative study of effect various parameters on bandwidth and return loss of patch antenna is presented in this paper. It was observed that, to increases resonance frequency height and loss tangent is to be increased whereas width and εr to be decreases. For increasing bandwidth, height is to be increased whereas width, εr , loss tangent is to be decreased. REFERENCES [1] Kumar G. and Ray K.P.,Broadband Microstrip Antenna,Artech House Publication,pp.1-291,2003. [2] Kin Lu Wong, Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas,John Wiley & Sons,pp.45-79,2002. [3] S.S.Yavalkar, R.T.Dahatonde, S.S.Rathod, S.B.Deosarkar, “Comparative Analysis of Bandwidth Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna using Various Geometries,” IOSR Journal,Vol.3, Issue 4, Sep.2012 www.iosrjournals.org 53 | Page