Strategies for improving livestock water productivity or moving beyond the elephant’s trunk

Strategies for improving livestock water productivity or Moving beyond the elephant’s trunk CPWF International Forum on Water & Food Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9-14 November 2008 (A CPWF PN37 output)

Chronology (We’ve come a long way!) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2008: Addis Ababa (IFWF2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is livestock water productivity (An entry point for INRM, IWRM & IRBM) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],LWP = ∑(Net beneficial outputs) ∑ (Depleted water)

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Agriculture + ecosystem Benefits ** Non- productive losses Transpiration Basic water accounting framework Depletion Ground water Infiltration River basin Watershed Community Household & farm Herd Animal

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Meat, milk, hides, traction, manure, etc. Non- productive losses Grain Residues By-products Fodder Pasture Livestock water productivity challenge Other losses Transpiration Ground water Infiltration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Non- productive losses Grain Residues By-products Fodder Pasture Imported feed Four LWP improving strategies: Feed sourcing Other losses Transpiration Ground water Infiltration 1. Select low water cost feeds Meat, milk, hides, traction, manure, etc.

Select low water cost feeds ( but consider environmental limits & animals’ nutritional requirements) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Examples Molasses from sugar cane (Sudan) Crop residues (Teff) Pastoral Sudan

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Non- productive losses Grain Residues By-products Fodder Pasture Imported feed Four LWP improving strategies: Animal Production Other losses Transpiration Ground water Infiltration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Meat, milk, hides, traction, manure, etc. 2. Enhance animal production

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Non- productive losses Four LWP improving strategies: Animal Production Other losses Transpiration Ground water Infiltration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Meat, milk, hides, traction, manure, etc. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Grain Residues By-products Fodder Pasture Imported feed

Enhance animal production (Reduce stress, mortality &morbidity) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Examples

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Discharge Evaporation Contamination Grain Residues By-products Fodder Pasture Imported feed Four LWP improving strategies: Conserve water Other losses Transpiration Ground water Infiltration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Meat, milk, hides, traction, manure, etc. 2. Enhance animal production 3. Conserve water

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Discharge Evaporation Contamination Grain Residues By-products Fodder Pasture Imported feed Four LWP improving strategies: Conserve water Other losses Transpiration Ground water Infiltration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Meat, milk, hides, traction, manure, etc. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2. Enhance animal production

Conserve water (Vegetation and drinking management) ,[object Object],[object Object],Before After Before After Examples

Conserve water - Annual croplands ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Example Source: Hurni (1987) 5 20.9 51.0 Extensive grazing 42 45.0 13.1 Mixed crop + livestock t/ha/year % national loss Estimated soil loss Area (%) Land-use in Ethiopia

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Discharge Evaporation Contamination Grain Residues By-products Fodder Pasture Imported feed Four LWP improving strategies: Watering sites Other losses Transpiration Ground water Infiltration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Meat, milk, hides, traction, manure, etc. 3. Conserve water 2. Enhance animal production 4. Strategic Livestock watering

Balance feed & water distribution to increase LWP ( Landscape &basin scales) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Example LWP estimate Mixed crop-livestock farms Blue Nile highlands: (Curtis 2007) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Example LWP estimate Mixed crop-livestock farms Blue Nile highlands: (Curtis 2007) 0.09 Total 0.08 Rainfed 0.09 Irrigated Crop 0.27 Total 0.19 Rainfed 0.33 Irrigated Livestock Mean (USD/m 3 ) Net Back Value of Water

CPWF experience: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Evidence suggests: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What next? R&D challenges ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2008: Addis Ababa (IFWF2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2009 – 2013 LWP Domestic Gender Ecosystems Climate Crops Water Poverty Economics Fish Soil Food Health MUWS Rainfed WP Benefit sharing Drivers of change Phase 2: Many elephants (Many integrated issues!)

Thank you all! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Strategies for improving livestock water productivity or moving beyond the elephant’s trunk

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