The document summarizes the establishment of the Consortium for Agricultural Research and Rehabilitation in Southern Sudan (CARRSS). Key points: - CARRSS was proposed in 2004 to conduct agricultural research following the 2005 peace agreement in Sudan. It aims to address poverty, isolation, diverse agroecologies, and developing institutions in Southern Sudan. - The consortium involves 15 CGIAR centers and other international organizations. It takes an innovation systems approach to strengthening emerging institutions and coordination. - CARRSS has held planning meetings and submitted proposals. Its research themes focus on characterizing crops/species, improving integrated management technologies, and developing high-value species. Outstanding issues include operational and stakeholder questions.