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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694
ISSN: 2249-6645

Effect of Radiation on Mixed Convection Flow of a NonNewtonian Nan fluid over a Non-Linearly Stretching Sheet
with Heat Source/Sink
S. Vijaya Lakshmi1, M. Suryanarayana Reddy2
1

2

Research Scholar, JNTU Anantapur, Anantapuram, A.P, India.
Department of mathematics, JNTUA College of engineering, Pulivendula-516 390.A.P, India

ABSTRACT: A boundary layer analysis is presented for the effect of radiation on mixed convection flow of a nonNewtonian nanofluid in a nonlinearly stretching sheet with heat source/sink. The micropolar model is chosen for the nonNewtonian fluid since the spinning motion of the nanoparticles as they move along the streamwise direction can be best
described by the micropolar fluid model. Numerical results for friction factor, surface heat transfer rate and mass transfer
rate have been presented for parametric variations of the micropolar material parameters, Brownian motion parameter NB,
thermophoresis parameter NT, radiation parameter R, heat source/sink parameter Q and Schmidt number Sc. The
dependency of the friction factor, surface heat transfer rate and mass transfer rate on these parameters has been discussed.

KEYWORDS: Mixed Convection, Stretching Sheet, Non-Newtonian Flow, Nanofluid, Radiation, Heat source/sink.
I.

INTRODUCTION

Study of non-Newtonian fluids over a stretching surface achieved great attention due to its large number of
application. In fact, the effects of non-Newtonian behavior can be determined due to its elasticity, but sometimes rheological
properties of fluid are identified by their constitutive equations. In view of rheological parameters, the constitutive equations
in the non-Newtonian fluids are morecomplex and thus give rise the equations which are complicated than the Navier–Stokes
equations. Many of the fluids used in the oil industry and simulate reservoirs are significantly non-Newtonian. In different
degree, they display shear-dependent of viscosity, thixotropy and elasticity (Pearson and Tardy [1]; Ellahi and Afza [2];
Ellahi [3]). Gorla and Kumari [4] studied the mixed convection flow of a non-newtonian nanofluid over a non-linearly
stretching sheet.
Nanoparticles range in diameter between 1 and 100 nm. Nanofluids commonly contain up to a 5% volume fraction
of nanoparticlesto ensure effective heat transfer enhancements. One of the main objectives of using nanofluids is to achieve
the best thermal properties with the least possible (<1%) volume fraction of nanoparticles in the base fluid. The term
nanofluid was first proposed by Choi [5] to indicate engineered colloids composed of nanoparticles dispersed in a base fluid.
The characteristic feature of nanofluids is thermal conductivity enhancement; a phenomenon observed by Masuda et al.
[6].There are many studies on the mechanism behind the enhanced heat transfer characteristics using nanofluids. Eldabe et
al. [7] analyzed the effects of magnetic field and heat generation on viscous flow and heat transfer over a nonlinearly
stretching surface in a nanofluid.
Micropolar fluids are subset of the micromorphic fluid theory introduced in a pioneering paper by Eringen[8].
Micropolar fluids are those fluids consisting of randomly oriented particles suspended in a viscous medium, which can
undergo a rotation that can affect the hydrodynamics of the flow, making it a distinctly non-Newtonian fluid. They constitute
an important branch of non-Newtonian fluid dynamics where microrotation effects as well as microinertia are exhibited.
Eringen's theory has provided a good model for studying a number of complicated fluids, such as colloidal fluids, polymeric
fluids and blood.
In the context of space technology and in processes involving high temperatures, the effects of radiation are of vital
importance. Studies of free convection flow along a vertical cylinder or horizontal cylinder are important in the field of
geothermal power generation and drilling operations where the free stream and buoyancy induced fluid velocities are of
roughly the same order of magnitude. Many researchers such as Arpaci [9], Cess [10], Cheng and Ozisik [11], Raptis [12],
Hossain and Takhar [13, 14] have investigated the interaction of thermal radiation and free convection for different
geometries, by considering the flow to be steady. Oahimire et al.[15] studied the analytical solution to mhd micropolar fluid
flow past a vertical plate in a slip-flow regime in the presence of thermal diffusion and thermal radiation. El-Arabawy [16]
studied the effect of suction/injection on a micropolar fluid past a continuously moving plate in the presence of radiation.
Ogulu [17] studied the oscillating plate-temperature flow of a polar fluid past a vertical porous plate in the presence of
couple stresses and radiation. Rahman and Sattar [18] studied transient convective heat transfer flow of a micropolar fluid
past a continuously moving vertical porous plate with time dependent suction in the presence of radiation. Mat et al. [19]
studied the radiation effect on marangoni convection boundary layer flow of a nanofluid.
The heat source/sink effects in thermal convection, are significant where there may exist a high temperature
differences between the surface (e.g. space craft body) and the ambient fluid. Heat Generation is also important in the
context of exothermic or endothermic chemical reaction. Sparrow and Cess [20] provided one of the earliest studies using a
similarity approach for stagnation point flow with heat source/sink which vary in time. Pop and Soundalgekar [21] studied
unsteady free convection flow past an infinite plate with constant suction and heat source. Rahman and Sattar [22] studied
magnetohydrodynamic convective flow of a micropolar fluid past a vertical porous plate in the presence of heat
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Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694
ISSN: 2249-6645
generation/absorption. Lin et al. [23] studied the marangoni convection flow and heat transfer in pseudoplastic nonnewtonian nanofluids with radiation effects and heat generation or absorption effects.
The present work has been undertaken in order to analyze the two mixed convection boundary layer flow of a nonNewtonian nanofluid on a non-linearly stretching sheet in the presence of radiation and heat source/sink. The micropolar
model is chosen for the non- Newtonian fluid since the spinning motion of the nanoparticles as they move along the
streamwise direction can be best described by the micropolar fluid model. The effects of Brownian motion and
thermophoresis are included for the nanofluid. The governing boundary layer equations have been transformed to a twopoint boundary value problem in similarity variables and the resultant problem is solved numerically using the fourth order
Runga-Kutta method along with shooting technique. The effects of various governing parameters on the fluid velocity,
temperature, concentration, and Nusselt number are shown in figures and analyzed in detail.

II.

MATHEMATICL ANALYSIS

Consider a steady, mixed convection boundary layer flow of a micropolar nanofluid over a non-linearly stretching
sheet. The velocity components in x and y directions are u and v respectively. At the surface, the temperature T and the nano
particle fraction take values Tw and Cw, respectively. The ambient values, attained as the radial distance r tends to infinity, of
T and C are denoted by T and C , respectively. The governing equations within boundary layer approximation may be
written as:
Continuity equation
u v

0
x y

(2.1)

Momentum equation
u

u
u      2u  N
v 

 g  (T  T )  g  (C  C )

T

c

x
y    y 2  y

(2.2)

Angular Momentum equation
 N N   2 N 
u 
v
 2   2 N  
y  y
y 
 x


 j u

(2.3)

Energy equation
u

2

T
T
 2T  m qr
Q0
C T  DT  T  
v


   DB

(T  T )

   c
m y 2


x
y
k y
 f
y y  T  y 



(2.4)

Species equation
u

C C
 2C DT  2T
v
 DB

x
y
y 2 T y 2

(2.5)

The boundary conditions may be written as:
u
,T Tw ,C Cw
y
u0, N 0,T T ,C C as y
u uw cxn ,v0, N  m

at y0

(2.6)
(2.7)

In the above equations, N is the component of microrotation vector normal to the xy-plane; U  the free stream velocity, DB
is the Brownian diffusion coefficient, DT is the Thermophoretic diffusion coefficient,
the heat flux,

 m is the thermal diffusivity, qr is

Q0 is the heat generation or absorption coefficient such that Q0  0 corresponds to heat generation while

Q0  0 corresponds to heat absorption, g is the acceleration due to gravity,  f is the material density of the base fluid,  p
is the material density of nanoparticles,

 c  f

and

  c  p are the heat capacity of the base fluid and the effective heat

capacity of the nano particle material, respectively and

 ,  ,  , j, 

and

m

are respectively the dynamic viscosity, vortex

viscosity (or the microrotation viscosity), fluid density, microinertia density, spin gradient viscosity and thermal diffusivity.
We follow the work of many authors by assuming that  (   / 2) j  (1 K / 2) j where K  /  is the material parameter.
This assumption is invoked to allow the field of equations to predict the correct behavior in the limiting case when the
microstructure effects become negligible and the total spin N reduces to the angular velocity (see Ahmadi14 or Yücel15).
The radiative heat flux qr is described by Roseland approximation such that
qr 

4 * T 4
3k ' y

(2.8)

 * and k ' are the Stefan-Boltzmann constant and the mean absorption coefficient, respectively. Following Chamkha
4
[20], we assume that the temperature differences within the flow are sufficiently small so that they T can be expressed as a
where

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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694
ISSN: 2249-6645

linear function after using Taylor series to expand
terms. This result is the following approximation:

T 4 about the free stream temperature T and neglecting higher-order

3
4
T 4 4TT 3T

(2.9)

In view of equations (2.8) and (2.9), equation (2.4) reduces to
u

2
 16 *T 3   2T

T
T
Q0
C T  DT  T  

 
v
  1
   DB

(T  T )



m

x
y
 c  f
3kk '  y 2
y y  T  y  





(2.10)

Proceeding with the analysis, we de.ne the following transformations:
1
2
c ( n 1)  n 1 / 2
n
 
cx f ( ),  
x
y
( n 1) / 2
c ( n 1) x
2
N cx n

c ( n 1)  n 1 / 2
T T
C C
x
g ( ), ( ) 
, ( ) 
2
Tw T
Cw C

(2.11)

The mass conservation equation (2.1) is satisfied by the Cauchy-Riemann Equations

u



and v  
.
x
y

(2.12)

The Darcian velocity components:
( c) p

 
km
g  (Tw T ) x3
( n 1)
n
u  cx f '( ), v  
 f '( )  ,  m 
, 
, Gr  c
 f ( )
x
y 
( c) f
( c) f
( n 1)
2

(  c ) p DB (Cw C )
(  c ) p DT (Tw T )
u x cx n 1
Gr
Re x  w 
,NB 
,  x , NT 
2


( c) f m
(  c ) f  mT
Re x
R

(2.13)

3
4 *T
Q1x


 *(Cw C )
,Q 
,Pr 
, Sc 
,S 
kk '
uw (  c ) f (Tw T )
m
DB
 (Tw T )

In view of the Equation (2.11), (2.12) and (2.13) , and the equations (2.2), (2.3), (2.5) and (2.10) reduce to the following nondimensional form
2n 2
2
(1 K ) f '''  ff '' 
f '  Kg ' 
 (  S ) 0
n 1
n 1
(2.14)

(1 K / 2) g ''  fg ' 

3n 1
2K
f ' g  (2 g  f '') 0
n 1
n 1

(2.15)

1
1
 4 1
2 2
1 R   '' N B ' ' NT ( ')  Q  f  '0
Pr
Pr
n1
 3  Pr

(2.16)

1
1 NT
 ''
 '' f  '0
Sc
Sc N B

(2.17)

Also the boundary conditions in (2.5) reduces to

f (0)  0, f '(0)  1, g (0)   mf ''(0),  (0)   (0)  1

(2.18)

f '()  0, g ()  0,  ()  0,  ()  0

The wall shear stress is given by
 u 
 kN y 0

 y  y 0

 w (   k )

(2.19)

Friction factor is given by
C

fx



w
2
( uw / 2)

 2 Re

1/ 2
1/ 2  n1 
(1 K ) f ''(0)  Kg (0) 




x
 2 

(2.20)

The wall couple stress is given by
  u2
 N 
w
M w  


 y  y 0   x


 n 1 

g '(0)
 2 



(2.21)

The dimensionless wall couple stress may be written as
 x
M w
  u2
w


  n 1 

g '(0)
  2 



(2.22)

Heat transfer rate is given by
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Nu x 

International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694
ISSN: 2249-6645

1/ 2
xqw
 n1 
 Re1/ 2 
x
  '(0)
km (Tw T )
 2 

(2.23)

Local Sherwood number is given by
Shx 

1/ 2
xmw
 n1 
 Re1/ 2 
x
  '(0)
DB (Cw C )
 2 

III.

(2.24)

SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM

The set of coupled non-linear governing boundary layer Equations (2.14) - (2.17) together with the boundary
conditions (2.18) are solved numerically by using Runge-Kutta fourth order technique along with shooting method. First of
all, higher order non-linear differential Equations (2.14) - (2.17) are converted into simultaneous linear differential equations
of first order and they are further transformed into initial value problem by applying the shooting technique (Jain et al. [25]).
The resultant initial value problem is solved by employing Runge-Kutta fourth order technique. The step size   0.05 is
used to obtain the numerical solution with five decimal place accuracy as the criterion of convergence. From the process of
numerical computation, the skin-friction coefficient, the wall couple stress, the Nusselt number and the Sherwood number,
which are respectively proportional to

f   0  , g '(0) ,    0  and    0  , are also sorted out and their numerical values

are presented in a tabular form.

IV.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The governing equations (2.14) - (2.17) subject to the boundary conditions (2.18) are integrated as described in
section 3. In order to get a clear insight of the physical problem, the velocity, temperature and concentration have been
discussed by assigning numerical values to the governing parameters encountered in the problem.
In order to assess the accuracy of the results, we compared our results for R=Q=NT =NB =0 with literature data from
Gorla and Kumari [4] in Table I and found that they are in excellent agreement. This suggests that the present results are
accurate. Tables’ II–X present data for friction factor, heat and mass transfer rates for parametric values of variables
governing the problem. Thermophoresis parameter, NT appears in the thermal and concentration boundary layer equations.
As we note, it is coupled with temperature function and plays a strong role in determining the diffusion of heat and
nanoparticle concentration in the boundary layer. Table II shows that as the thermophoresis parameter increases, friction
factor increase, where as the heat and mass transfer rates decrease. NB is the Brownian motion parameter. Brownian motion
decelerates the flow in the nanofluid boundary layer. Brownian diffusion promotes heat conduction. The nanoparticles
increase the surface area for heat transfer. Nanofluid is a two phase fluid where the nanoparticles move randomly and
increase the energy exchange rates. Brownian motion reduces nanoparticle diffusion. Table III shows that as the Brownian
motion parameter NB increases, mass transfer rate increase, whereas the friction factor and heat transfer rate decrease. Table
IV shows that as the power law exponent n increases, heat transfer rate increases whereas friction factor and mass transfer
rate decrease. Table V shows that as the parameter S increases, friction factor, heat and mass transfer rates increases. Table
VI shows that as the vortex viscosity parameter K increases, the friction factor, and the heat and mass transfer rates increases.
Table VII shows that friction factor, heat and mass transfer rates increases with the buoyancy parameter . Table VIII shows
that as the Schmidt number increases, the friction factor and mass transfer rates increase. Table IX shows that as the constant
m increases, the wall friction, heat and mass transfer rates decreases. The value m=0 represents concentrated particle flows in
which the particle density is sufficiently great that microelements close to the wall are unable to rotate. This condition is also
called as the strong interaction. When m = 0.5 the particle rotation is equal to fluid viscosity at the boundary for one particle
suspension. When m = 1, we have flows which are representative to turbulent boundary layers. Table X shows that as the
radiation and heat source/sink parameters increases, the friction factor and mass transfer rate increase, where as heat transfer
rate decreases.
Figures 1(a)-1(d) and 2(a)-2(d) show the effect of the thermophoresis number, NT as well as the Brownian motion
parameter, NB on velocity, angular velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. As NT increases, velocity, angular
velocity, temperature and concentration within the boundary layer increase. As NB increases, temperature increases whereas
the velocity, angular velocity and concentration decrease within the boundary layer. Figure 3(a)-3(d) shows that as the
exponent n increases, velocity decreases whereas the angular velocity, temperature and concentration increase. The effects of
the parameter S on the boundary layer profiles are opposite to the effects of n as seen from Figure 4(a)-4(d). Figures 5(a)5(d) and 6(a)-6(d) show that as the vortex viscosity parameter K increases, the velocity and angular velocity increases
whereas the temperature and concentration within the boundary layer decrease. As the mixed convection parameter 
increases, the velocity increases whereas the angular velocity, temperature and concentration within the boundary layer
decrease. Figure 7(a)-7(d) shows that as the Prandtl number Pr increases, velocity and temperature decreases whereas the
angular velocity and concentration increase. As the Schmidt number increases, the velocity and concentration boundary layer
thickness decreases whereas angular velocity and temperature increase. This is seen from Figure 8(a)-8(d). As the constant m
increases, the velocity decreases whereas the angular velocity, temperatures and concentration increases. This is seen from
Figure 9(a)-9(d). Figures 10(a)-10(d) and 11(a)-11(d) shows that as the radiation parameter R and heat source/sink parameter
Q increases, angular velocity decreases whereas velocity, temperature and concentration increase.

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Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694
ISSN: 2249-6645
Table I: Numerical values of (1  K / 2) f ''(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of K and n when

  1.0, S  NT  NB  R  Q  0.0, m  0.5 and Pr=0.72, Comparison of the present results with that of Gorla and
Kumari [4]
K

n

Present results

(1  K / 2) f ''(0)

 '(0)

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

0.50
0.75
1.00
1.50
3.00
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.50
3.00

-0.129346
-0.312889
-0.444373
-0.621160
-0.874189
-0.293989
-0.497473
-0.643706
-0.840768
-1.123040

0.586095
0.568677
0.555571
0.536891
0.507159
0.593002
0.577915
0.566632
0.550693
0.525838

Gorla and Kumari [4]

(1  K / 2) f ''(0)

 '(0)

-0.129016
-0.311993
-0.443205
-0.619938
-0.873003
-0.292302
-0.495675
-0.641769
-0.838697
-1.121011

0.584934
0.567454
0.554359
0.535696
0.505097
0.592127
0.577132
0.565834
0.549797
0.524109

Table II: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of NT when

K  S    1, N B  0.3, m  0.5, Q  0.2, n  2, Pr  10 and Sc=10.
NT
f ''(0)
 '(0)
 '(0)
g '(0)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5

-0.664881
-0.655741
-0.646809
-0.638081
-0.629554

-0.243793
-0.239314
-0.234939
-0.230668
-0.226498

1.065830
1.045970
1.026430
1.007200
0.988283

2.26034
2.16199
2.07338
1.99418
1.92407

Table III: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of N B when

K  S    1, NT  0.3, m  0.5, Q  0.2, n  2, Pr  10 and Sc=10.
NB
f ''(0)
 '(0)
 '(0)
g '(0)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5

-0.599733
-0.635423
-0.646809
-0.652032
-0.654779

-0.211426
-0.229303
-0.234939
-0.237504
-0.238841

1.111610
1.065070
1.026430
0.990473
0.956098

1.30727
1.88328
2.07338
2.16771
2.22387

Table IV: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of n when

K  S  R    1, NT  N B  0.3, m  0.5, Q  0.2, Pr  10 and Sc=10.
n
f ''(0)
 '(0)
 '(0)
g '(0)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
3.0
5.0

-0.197829
-0.430952
-0.563788
-0.649813
-0.754761
-0.857058

0.172956
-0.0263596
-0.15134
-0.23634
-0.344031
-0.452846

1.00874
1.06582
1.10126
1.12576
1.15695
1.18866

2.20583
2.10284
2.04072
1.99916
1.94704
1.89471

Table V: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of S when

K    R  1, NT  N B  0.3, m  0.5, Q  0.2, n  2, Pr  10 and Sc=10.
S
f ''(0)
 '(0)
 '(0)
g '(0)
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0

-0.705108
-0.694000
-0.682917
-0.671858
-0.660824
-0.649813

-0.267333
-0.261128
-0.254928
-0.248728
-0.242532
-0.230340

1.11713
1.11888
1.12062
1.12234
1.12406
1.12576

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1.99127
1.99287
1.99445
1.99603
1.99760
1.99916

2678 | Page
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ISSN: 2249-6645
Table VI: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of K when

S    R  1, NT  N B  0.3, m  0.5, Q  0.2, n  2, Pr  10 and Sc=10.
K
f ''(0)
 '(0)
 '(0)
g '(0)
0.0
0.5
1.0
2.0
3.0

-0.708256
-0.678646
-0.646809
-0.593866
-0.554020

-0.368713
-0.284347
-0.234939
-0.176569
-0.142405

0.99671
1.01363
1.02043
1.04481
1.05753

2.05477
2.06507
2.07338
2.08581
2.09470

Table VII: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of  when

K  S  R  1, NT  N B  0.3, m  0.5, Q  0.2, n  2, Pr  10 and Sc=10.

f ''(0)
 '(0)
 '(0)
g '(0)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0

-0.902584
-0.772424
-0.646809
-0.524913
-0.406157

-0.3743770
-0.3042750
-0.2349390
-0.1662230
-0.0980246

0.976165
1.002770
1.026430
1.047850
1.087500

2.03765
2.05617
2.07338
2.08950
2.10473

Table VIII: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of  when

K  S  R  1, NT  N B  0.3, m  0.5, Q  0.2, n  2, Pr  10 and Sc=10.
Sc
f ''(0)
 '(0)
 '(0)
g '(0)
1
10
20
50
100

-0.444950
-0.649813
-0.683747
-0.714107
-0.729246

-0.144039
-0.236340
-0.254022
-0.270606
-0.279186

1.27846
1.12596
1.10025
1.08001
1.07134

-0.185624
1.999160
3.160030
5.353600
7.757390

Table IX: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of m when

K  S    R  1, NT  N B  0.3, Q  0.2, n  2, Pr  10 and Sc=10.
m
f ''(0)
 '(0)
 '(0)
g '(0)
0.0
0.5
1.0

-0.556371
-0.649813
-0.781214

0.175433
-0.23634
-0.805276

1.14406
1.12576
1.09812

2.01556
1.99916
1.97507

Table X: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of R and Q when

K  S    1, NT  N B  0.3, m  0.5, n  2, Pr  10 and Sc=10.
Q
f ''(0)
 '(0)
 '(0)
g '(0)

R
0
1
2
3
1
1
1

0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
-0.5
0.0
0.5

-0.677021
-0.646809
-0.624100
-0.605761
-0.664790
-0.655018
-0.639733

-0.248789
-0.234939
-0.225284
-0.217902
-0.243369
-0.238772
-0.231650

1.420510
1.026430
0.825949
0.701209
1.701410
1.308890
0.807817

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1.885870
2.073380
2.165100
2.219370
1.556840
1.308890
2.234470

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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694
ISSN: 2249-6645

Fig.1(a) Velocity profiles for different values of NT

Fig.1 (b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of NT

Fig.1(c) Temperature profiles for different values of NT

Fig.1(d) Concentration profiles for different values of NT
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ISSN: 2249-6645
1.0

K==S=R=1, NT=0.3, m=0.5
n=2, Q=0.2, Pr=Sc=10
0.8

0.6

f'
0.4

NB =0.1, 0.3, 0.5

0.2

0.0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0


Fig.2(a) Velocity profiles for different values of NB

Fig.2 (b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of NB

Fig.2(c) Temperature profiles for different values of NB

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ISSN: 2249-6645

Fig.2 (d) Concentration profiles for different values of NB

Fig.3 (a) Velocity profiles for different values of n

Fig.3 (b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of n

Fig.3(c) Temperature profiles for different values of n
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ISSN: 2249-6645

Fig.3 (d) Concentration profiles for different values of n

Fig.4 (a) Velocity profiles for different values of S

Fig.4 (b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of S

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ISSN: 2249-6645

Fig.4 (c) Temperature profiles for different values of S

Fig.4 (d) Concentration profiles for different values of S

Fig.5 (a) Velocity profiles for different values of K

Fig.5 (b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of K
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ISSN: 2249-6645

Fig.5 (c) Temperature profiles for different values of K
1.0
0.9

NT=NB=0.3, S=R==1, n=2

0.8

Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5, Q=0.2

0.7
0.6



0.5
0.4
0.3

K=0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0

0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1

0

1

2

3

4



Fig.5(d) Concentration profiles for different values of K
1.0

NT=NB=0.3, S=K=R=1, n=2
Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5, Q=0.2

0.8

0.6

=0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0

f'
0.4

0.2

0.0

0

1

2

3

4



Fig.6 (a) Velocity profiles for different values of 

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ISSN: 2249-6645
0.45

NT=NB=0.3, K=R=S=1, Q=0.2

0.40

n=2, Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5

0.35
0.30

g

=0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0

0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00

0

1

2

3

4


Fig.6(b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of 
1.0
0.9

NT=NB=0.3, K=R=S=1, Q=0.2

0.8

n=2, Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5

0.7
0.6



0.5
0.4
0.3

=0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0

0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1

0

1

2

3

4


Fig.6(c) Temperature profiles for different values of 
1.0
0.9

NT=NB=0.3, S=K=R=1, Q=0.2

0.8

Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5, n=2

0.7
0.6



0.5
0.4
=0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0

0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1

0

1

2

3

4


Fig.6(d) Concentration profiles for different values of 

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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694
ISSN: 2249-6645
1.0

NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1, n=2
0.8

m=0.5, Q=0.2, Sc=10

0.6

Pr=1, 10, 20

f'
0.4

0.2

0.0
0

1

2

3

4


Fig.7(a) Velocity profiles for different values of Pr
0.36

NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1

0.32

n=2, Q=0.2, Sc=10,m=0.5

0.28

Pr=1, 10, 20

0.24
0.20

g

0.16
0.12
0.08
0.04
0.00
0

1

2

3

4


Fig.7(b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of Pr
1.0
0.9

Pr=1, 10, 20

0.8

NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1

0.7

n=2, Q=0.2, Sc=10, m=0.5

0.6



0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0

1

2

3

4


Fig.7(c) Temperature profiles for different values of Pr

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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694
ISSN: 2249-6645
1.0
0.9

NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1

0.8

n=2, Q=0.2, m=0.5, Sc=10

0.7
0.6



0.5
0.4

Pr=1, 10, 20
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0

1

2

3

4


Fig.7(d) Concentration profiles for different values of Pr
1.0
0.9

NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1, n=2

0.8

m=0.5, Q=0.2, Pr=10

0.7

Sc=1, 10, 20

0.6

f' 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0

1

2

3

4


Fig.8(a) Velocity profiles for different values of Sc
0.36

NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1

0.32

n=2, Q=0.2, Pr=10,m=0.5

0.28

Sc=1, 10, 20

0.24
0.20

g

0.16
0.12
0.08
0.04
0.00
0

1

2

3

4


Fig.8(b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of Sc

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ISSN: 2249-6645
1.0
0.9

NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1

0.8

n=2, Q=0.2, Pr=10, m=0.5
0.7
0.6
0.5



0.4
0.3

Sc=1, 10, 20

0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0

1

2

3

4


Fig.8(c) Temperature profiles for different values of Sc
1.0
0.9

NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1

0.8

n=2, Q=0.2, m=0.5, Pr=10

0.7

Sc=1, 10, 20

0.6



0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0

1

2

3

4


Fig.8(d) Concentration profiles for different values of Sc
1.0

NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1

0.8

n=2, Q=0.2, Pr=Sc=10

0.6

m=0, 0.5, 1

f'
0.4

0.2

0.0
0

1

2

3

4


Fig.9(a) Velocity profiles for different values of m

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0.8
0.7

NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1
n=2, Q=0.2, Pr=Sc=10

0.6
0.5

g

0.4
0.3

m=0, 0.5, 1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0

1

2

3

4


Fig.9(b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of m
1.0
0.9

NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1

0.8

n=2, Q=0.2, Pr=Sc=10
0.7
0.6
0.5



0.4
0.3

m=0, 0.5, 1

0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0


Fig.9(c) Temperature profiles for different values of m
1.0
0.9

NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1

0.8

n=2, Q=0.2, Pr=Sc=10

0.7
0.6



0.5
0.4
0.3

m=0, 0.5, 1

0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0


Fig.9(d) Concentration profiles for different values of m

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ISSN: 2249-6645
1.0

NT=NB=0.3, S=K==1, n=2

0.8

Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5, Q=0.2

0.6

f'

R=0, 1, 2, 3
0.4

0.2

0.0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0


Fig.10(a) Velocity profiles for different values of R
0.35
0.30

NT=NB=0.3, K==S=1, n=2
Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5, Q=0.2

0.25

g

R=0, 1, 2, 3

0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0


Fig.10(b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of R
1.0
0.9

NT=NB=0.3, S==K=1, n=2

0.8

Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5, Q=0.2

0.7

R=0, 1, 2, 3

0.6



0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1

0

1

2

3

4


Fig.10(c) Temperature profiles for different values of R

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ISSN: 2249-6645
1.0
0.9

NT=NB=0.3, S=K==1, n=2

0.8

Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5, Q=0.2

0.7
0.6



0.5
0.4
0.3

R=0, 1, 2, 3

0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0


Fig.10(d) Concentration profiles for different values of R
1.0

NT=NB=0.3, S=K==R=1, n=2

0.8

n=2, Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5

0.6

Q=-2, 0, 0.3, 0.5

f'
0.4

0.2

0.0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0


Fig.11(a) Velocity profiles for different values of Q
0.35
0.30

NT=NB=0.3, K==R=S=1
n=2, Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5

0.25

Q=-2, 0, 0.3, 0.5

0.20

g
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00

0

1

2

3

4


Fig.11 (b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of Q

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ISSN: 2249-6645
1.0
0.9

NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1

0.8

n=2, Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5

0.7
0.6



0.5

Q=-2, 0, 0.3, 0.5

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1

0

1

2

3

4


Fig.11(c) Temperature profiles for different values of Q
1.0
0.9

NT=NB=0.3, S=K==R=1

0.8

Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5, n=2

0.7
0.6



0.5
0.4

Q=-2, 0, 0.3, 0.5

0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0


Fig.11 (d) Concentration profiles for different values of Q

V.

CONCLUSIONS

In this paper, we have presented a boundary layer analysis for the mixed convection flow of a non-Newtonian
nanofluid on a non-linearly stretching sheet by taking radiation and heat source/sink into account. The micropolar model is
chosen for the non-Newtonian fluid since the spinning motion of the nanoparticles as they move along the streamwise
direction can be best described by the micropolar fluid model. The governing boundary layer equations have been
transformed to a two-point boundary value problem in similarity variables and the resultant problem is solved numerically
using the fourth order Runga-Kutta method along with shooting technique. The particular solutions reported in this paper
were validated by comparing with solutions existing in the previously published paper. Our results show a good agreement
with the existing work in the literature. The results are summarized as follows
1. The thermophoresis parameter increases, friction factor increase, where as the heat and mass transfer rates decreases.
2. Brownian motion reduces nanoparticle diffusion.
3. The radiation and heat source/sink increases the friction factor and mass transfer rate and reduces the heat transfer rate.
4. The radiation and heat source/sink reduces the angular velocity, and increase the velocity, temperature and
concentration.

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ISSN: 2249-6645

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Ellahi R, Afza, S, (2009), Effects of variable viscosity in a third grade fluid with porous medium: an analytic solution, Commun
Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul., Vol.14(5), pp.2056–2072.
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Effect of Radiation on Mixed Convection Flow of a Non-Newtonian Nan fluid over a Non-Linearly Stretching Sheet with Heat Source/Sink

  • 1. www.ijmer.com International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 Effect of Radiation on Mixed Convection Flow of a NonNewtonian Nan fluid over a Non-Linearly Stretching Sheet with Heat Source/Sink S. Vijaya Lakshmi1, M. Suryanarayana Reddy2 1 2 Research Scholar, JNTU Anantapur, Anantapuram, A.P, India. Department of mathematics, JNTUA College of engineering, Pulivendula-516 390.A.P, India ABSTRACT: A boundary layer analysis is presented for the effect of radiation on mixed convection flow of a nonNewtonian nanofluid in a nonlinearly stretching sheet with heat source/sink. The micropolar model is chosen for the nonNewtonian fluid since the spinning motion of the nanoparticles as they move along the streamwise direction can be best described by the micropolar fluid model. Numerical results for friction factor, surface heat transfer rate and mass transfer rate have been presented for parametric variations of the micropolar material parameters, Brownian motion parameter NB, thermophoresis parameter NT, radiation parameter R, heat source/sink parameter Q and Schmidt number Sc. The dependency of the friction factor, surface heat transfer rate and mass transfer rate on these parameters has been discussed. KEYWORDS: Mixed Convection, Stretching Sheet, Non-Newtonian Flow, Nanofluid, Radiation, Heat source/sink. I. INTRODUCTION Study of non-Newtonian fluids over a stretching surface achieved great attention due to its large number of application. In fact, the effects of non-Newtonian behavior can be determined due to its elasticity, but sometimes rheological properties of fluid are identified by their constitutive equations. In view of rheological parameters, the constitutive equations in the non-Newtonian fluids are morecomplex and thus give rise the equations which are complicated than the Navier–Stokes equations. Many of the fluids used in the oil industry and simulate reservoirs are significantly non-Newtonian. In different degree, they display shear-dependent of viscosity, thixotropy and elasticity (Pearson and Tardy [1]; Ellahi and Afza [2]; Ellahi [3]). Gorla and Kumari [4] studied the mixed convection flow of a non-newtonian nanofluid over a non-linearly stretching sheet. Nanoparticles range in diameter between 1 and 100 nm. Nanofluids commonly contain up to a 5% volume fraction of nanoparticlesto ensure effective heat transfer enhancements. One of the main objectives of using nanofluids is to achieve the best thermal properties with the least possible (<1%) volume fraction of nanoparticles in the base fluid. The term nanofluid was first proposed by Choi [5] to indicate engineered colloids composed of nanoparticles dispersed in a base fluid. The characteristic feature of nanofluids is thermal conductivity enhancement; a phenomenon observed by Masuda et al. [6].There are many studies on the mechanism behind the enhanced heat transfer characteristics using nanofluids. Eldabe et al. [7] analyzed the effects of magnetic field and heat generation on viscous flow and heat transfer over a nonlinearly stretching surface in a nanofluid. Micropolar fluids are subset of the micromorphic fluid theory introduced in a pioneering paper by Eringen[8]. Micropolar fluids are those fluids consisting of randomly oriented particles suspended in a viscous medium, which can undergo a rotation that can affect the hydrodynamics of the flow, making it a distinctly non-Newtonian fluid. They constitute an important branch of non-Newtonian fluid dynamics where microrotation effects as well as microinertia are exhibited. Eringen's theory has provided a good model for studying a number of complicated fluids, such as colloidal fluids, polymeric fluids and blood. In the context of space technology and in processes involving high temperatures, the effects of radiation are of vital importance. Studies of free convection flow along a vertical cylinder or horizontal cylinder are important in the field of geothermal power generation and drilling operations where the free stream and buoyancy induced fluid velocities are of roughly the same order of magnitude. Many researchers such as Arpaci [9], Cess [10], Cheng and Ozisik [11], Raptis [12], Hossain and Takhar [13, 14] have investigated the interaction of thermal radiation and free convection for different geometries, by considering the flow to be steady. Oahimire et al.[15] studied the analytical solution to mhd micropolar fluid flow past a vertical plate in a slip-flow regime in the presence of thermal diffusion and thermal radiation. El-Arabawy [16] studied the effect of suction/injection on a micropolar fluid past a continuously moving plate in the presence of radiation. Ogulu [17] studied the oscillating plate-temperature flow of a polar fluid past a vertical porous plate in the presence of couple stresses and radiation. Rahman and Sattar [18] studied transient convective heat transfer flow of a micropolar fluid past a continuously moving vertical porous plate with time dependent suction in the presence of radiation. Mat et al. [19] studied the radiation effect on marangoni convection boundary layer flow of a nanofluid. The heat source/sink effects in thermal convection, are significant where there may exist a high temperature differences between the surface (e.g. space craft body) and the ambient fluid. Heat Generation is also important in the context of exothermic or endothermic chemical reaction. Sparrow and Cess [20] provided one of the earliest studies using a similarity approach for stagnation point flow with heat source/sink which vary in time. Pop and Soundalgekar [21] studied unsteady free convection flow past an infinite plate with constant suction and heat source. Rahman and Sattar [22] studied magnetohydrodynamic convective flow of a micropolar fluid past a vertical porous plate in the presence of heat www.ijmer.com 2674 | Page
  • 2. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) www.ijmer.com Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 generation/absorption. Lin et al. [23] studied the marangoni convection flow and heat transfer in pseudoplastic nonnewtonian nanofluids with radiation effects and heat generation or absorption effects. The present work has been undertaken in order to analyze the two mixed convection boundary layer flow of a nonNewtonian nanofluid on a non-linearly stretching sheet in the presence of radiation and heat source/sink. The micropolar model is chosen for the non- Newtonian fluid since the spinning motion of the nanoparticles as they move along the streamwise direction can be best described by the micropolar fluid model. The effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis are included for the nanofluid. The governing boundary layer equations have been transformed to a twopoint boundary value problem in similarity variables and the resultant problem is solved numerically using the fourth order Runga-Kutta method along with shooting technique. The effects of various governing parameters on the fluid velocity, temperature, concentration, and Nusselt number are shown in figures and analyzed in detail. II. MATHEMATICL ANALYSIS Consider a steady, mixed convection boundary layer flow of a micropolar nanofluid over a non-linearly stretching sheet. The velocity components in x and y directions are u and v respectively. At the surface, the temperature T and the nano particle fraction take values Tw and Cw, respectively. The ambient values, attained as the radial distance r tends to infinity, of T and C are denoted by T and C , respectively. The governing equations within boundary layer approximation may be written as: Continuity equation u v  0 x y (2.1) Momentum equation u u u      2u  N v    g  (T  T )  g  (C  C )  T  c  x y    y 2  y (2.2) Angular Momentum equation  N N   2 N  u  v  2   2 N   y  y y   x   j u (2.3) Energy equation u 2  T T  2T  m qr Q0 C T  DT  T   v      DB  (T  T )     c m y 2   x y k y  f y y  T  y    (2.4) Species equation u C C  2C DT  2T v  DB  x y y 2 T y 2 (2.5) The boundary conditions may be written as: u ,T Tw ,C Cw y u0, N 0,T T ,C C as y u uw cxn ,v0, N  m at y0 (2.6) (2.7) In the above equations, N is the component of microrotation vector normal to the xy-plane; U  the free stream velocity, DB is the Brownian diffusion coefficient, DT is the Thermophoretic diffusion coefficient, the heat flux,  m is the thermal diffusivity, qr is Q0 is the heat generation or absorption coefficient such that Q0  0 corresponds to heat generation while Q0  0 corresponds to heat absorption, g is the acceleration due to gravity,  f is the material density of the base fluid,  p is the material density of nanoparticles,  c  f and   c  p are the heat capacity of the base fluid and the effective heat capacity of the nano particle material, respectively and  ,  ,  , j,  and m are respectively the dynamic viscosity, vortex viscosity (or the microrotation viscosity), fluid density, microinertia density, spin gradient viscosity and thermal diffusivity. We follow the work of many authors by assuming that  (   / 2) j  (1 K / 2) j where K  /  is the material parameter. This assumption is invoked to allow the field of equations to predict the correct behavior in the limiting case when the microstructure effects become negligible and the total spin N reduces to the angular velocity (see Ahmadi14 or Yücel15). The radiative heat flux qr is described by Roseland approximation such that qr  4 * T 4 3k ' y (2.8)  * and k ' are the Stefan-Boltzmann constant and the mean absorption coefficient, respectively. Following Chamkha 4 [20], we assume that the temperature differences within the flow are sufficiently small so that they T can be expressed as a where www.ijmer.com 2675 | Page
  • 3. www.ijmer.com International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 linear function after using Taylor series to expand terms. This result is the following approximation: T 4 about the free stream temperature T and neglecting higher-order 3 4 T 4 4TT 3T (2.9) In view of equations (2.8) and (2.9), equation (2.4) reduces to u 2  16 *T 3   2T  T T Q0 C T  DT  T      v   1    DB  (T  T )    m  x y  c  f 3kk '  y 2 y y  T  y       (2.10) Proceeding with the analysis, we de.ne the following transformations: 1 2 c ( n 1)  n 1 / 2 n   cx f ( ),   x y ( n 1) / 2 c ( n 1) x 2 N cx n c ( n 1)  n 1 / 2 T T C C x g ( ), ( )  , ( )  2 Tw T Cw C (2.11) The mass conservation equation (2.1) is satisfied by the Cauchy-Riemann Equations u   and v   . x y (2.12) The Darcian velocity components: ( c) p    km g  (Tw T ) x3 ( n 1) n u  cx f '( ), v    f '( )  ,  m  ,  , Gr  c  f ( ) x y  ( c) f ( c) f ( n 1) 2  (  c ) p DB (Cw C ) (  c ) p DT (Tw T ) u x cx n 1 Gr Re x  w  ,NB  ,  x , NT  2   ( c) f m (  c ) f  mT Re x R (2.13) 3 4 *T Q1x    *(Cw C ) ,Q  ,Pr  , Sc  ,S  kk ' uw (  c ) f (Tw T ) m DB  (Tw T ) In view of the Equation (2.11), (2.12) and (2.13) , and the equations (2.2), (2.3), (2.5) and (2.10) reduce to the following nondimensional form 2n 2 2 (1 K ) f '''  ff ''  f '  Kg '   (  S ) 0 n 1 n 1 (2.14) (1 K / 2) g ''  fg '  3n 1 2K f ' g  (2 g  f '') 0 n 1 n 1 (2.15) 1 1  4 1 2 2 1 R   '' N B ' ' NT ( ')  Q  f  '0 Pr Pr n1  3  Pr (2.16) 1 1 NT  ''  '' f  '0 Sc Sc N B (2.17) Also the boundary conditions in (2.5) reduces to f (0)  0, f '(0)  1, g (0)   mf ''(0),  (0)   (0)  1 (2.18) f '()  0, g ()  0,  ()  0,  ()  0 The wall shear stress is given by  u   kN y 0   y  y 0  w (   k ) (2.19) Friction factor is given by C fx  w 2 ( uw / 2)  2 Re 1/ 2 1/ 2  n1  (1 K ) f ''(0)  Kg (0)      x  2  (2.20) The wall couple stress is given by   u2  N  w M w      y  y 0   x   n 1   g '(0)  2    (2.21) The dimensionless wall couple stress may be written as  x M w   u2 w    n 1   g '(0)   2    (2.22) Heat transfer rate is given by www.ijmer.com 2676 | Page
  • 4. www.ijmer.com Nu x  International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 1/ 2 xqw  n1   Re1/ 2  x   '(0) km (Tw T )  2  (2.23) Local Sherwood number is given by Shx  1/ 2 xmw  n1   Re1/ 2  x   '(0) DB (Cw C )  2  III. (2.24) SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM The set of coupled non-linear governing boundary layer Equations (2.14) - (2.17) together with the boundary conditions (2.18) are solved numerically by using Runge-Kutta fourth order technique along with shooting method. First of all, higher order non-linear differential Equations (2.14) - (2.17) are converted into simultaneous linear differential equations of first order and they are further transformed into initial value problem by applying the shooting technique (Jain et al. [25]). The resultant initial value problem is solved by employing Runge-Kutta fourth order technique. The step size   0.05 is used to obtain the numerical solution with five decimal place accuracy as the criterion of convergence. From the process of numerical computation, the skin-friction coefficient, the wall couple stress, the Nusselt number and the Sherwood number, which are respectively proportional to f   0  , g '(0) ,    0  and    0  , are also sorted out and their numerical values are presented in a tabular form. IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The governing equations (2.14) - (2.17) subject to the boundary conditions (2.18) are integrated as described in section 3. In order to get a clear insight of the physical problem, the velocity, temperature and concentration have been discussed by assigning numerical values to the governing parameters encountered in the problem. In order to assess the accuracy of the results, we compared our results for R=Q=NT =NB =0 with literature data from Gorla and Kumari [4] in Table I and found that they are in excellent agreement. This suggests that the present results are accurate. Tables’ II–X present data for friction factor, heat and mass transfer rates for parametric values of variables governing the problem. Thermophoresis parameter, NT appears in the thermal and concentration boundary layer equations. As we note, it is coupled with temperature function and plays a strong role in determining the diffusion of heat and nanoparticle concentration in the boundary layer. Table II shows that as the thermophoresis parameter increases, friction factor increase, where as the heat and mass transfer rates decrease. NB is the Brownian motion parameter. Brownian motion decelerates the flow in the nanofluid boundary layer. Brownian diffusion promotes heat conduction. The nanoparticles increase the surface area for heat transfer. Nanofluid is a two phase fluid where the nanoparticles move randomly and increase the energy exchange rates. Brownian motion reduces nanoparticle diffusion. Table III shows that as the Brownian motion parameter NB increases, mass transfer rate increase, whereas the friction factor and heat transfer rate decrease. Table IV shows that as the power law exponent n increases, heat transfer rate increases whereas friction factor and mass transfer rate decrease. Table V shows that as the parameter S increases, friction factor, heat and mass transfer rates increases. Table VI shows that as the vortex viscosity parameter K increases, the friction factor, and the heat and mass transfer rates increases. Table VII shows that friction factor, heat and mass transfer rates increases with the buoyancy parameter . Table VIII shows that as the Schmidt number increases, the friction factor and mass transfer rates increase. Table IX shows that as the constant m increases, the wall friction, heat and mass transfer rates decreases. The value m=0 represents concentrated particle flows in which the particle density is sufficiently great that microelements close to the wall are unable to rotate. This condition is also called as the strong interaction. When m = 0.5 the particle rotation is equal to fluid viscosity at the boundary for one particle suspension. When m = 1, we have flows which are representative to turbulent boundary layers. Table X shows that as the radiation and heat source/sink parameters increases, the friction factor and mass transfer rate increase, where as heat transfer rate decreases. Figures 1(a)-1(d) and 2(a)-2(d) show the effect of the thermophoresis number, NT as well as the Brownian motion parameter, NB on velocity, angular velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. As NT increases, velocity, angular velocity, temperature and concentration within the boundary layer increase. As NB increases, temperature increases whereas the velocity, angular velocity and concentration decrease within the boundary layer. Figure 3(a)-3(d) shows that as the exponent n increases, velocity decreases whereas the angular velocity, temperature and concentration increase. The effects of the parameter S on the boundary layer profiles are opposite to the effects of n as seen from Figure 4(a)-4(d). Figures 5(a)5(d) and 6(a)-6(d) show that as the vortex viscosity parameter K increases, the velocity and angular velocity increases whereas the temperature and concentration within the boundary layer decrease. As the mixed convection parameter  increases, the velocity increases whereas the angular velocity, temperature and concentration within the boundary layer decrease. Figure 7(a)-7(d) shows that as the Prandtl number Pr increases, velocity and temperature decreases whereas the angular velocity and concentration increase. As the Schmidt number increases, the velocity and concentration boundary layer thickness decreases whereas angular velocity and temperature increase. This is seen from Figure 8(a)-8(d). As the constant m increases, the velocity decreases whereas the angular velocity, temperatures and concentration increases. This is seen from Figure 9(a)-9(d). Figures 10(a)-10(d) and 11(a)-11(d) shows that as the radiation parameter R and heat source/sink parameter Q increases, angular velocity decreases whereas velocity, temperature and concentration increase. www.ijmer.com 2677 | Page
  • 5. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) www.ijmer.com Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 Table I: Numerical values of (1  K / 2) f ''(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of K and n when   1.0, S  NT  NB  R  Q  0.0, m  0.5 and Pr=0.72, Comparison of the present results with that of Gorla and Kumari [4] K n Present results (1  K / 2) f ''(0)  '(0) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 3.00 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 3.00 -0.129346 -0.312889 -0.444373 -0.621160 -0.874189 -0.293989 -0.497473 -0.643706 -0.840768 -1.123040 0.586095 0.568677 0.555571 0.536891 0.507159 0.593002 0.577915 0.566632 0.550693 0.525838 Gorla and Kumari [4] (1  K / 2) f ''(0)  '(0) -0.129016 -0.311993 -0.443205 -0.619938 -0.873003 -0.292302 -0.495675 -0.641769 -0.838697 -1.121011 0.584934 0.567454 0.554359 0.535696 0.505097 0.592127 0.577132 0.565834 0.549797 0.524109 Table II: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of NT when K  S    1, N B  0.3, m  0.5, Q  0.2, n  2, Pr  10 and Sc=10. NT f ''(0)  '(0)  '(0) g '(0) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 -0.664881 -0.655741 -0.646809 -0.638081 -0.629554 -0.243793 -0.239314 -0.234939 -0.230668 -0.226498 1.065830 1.045970 1.026430 1.007200 0.988283 2.26034 2.16199 2.07338 1.99418 1.92407 Table III: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of N B when K  S    1, NT  0.3, m  0.5, Q  0.2, n  2, Pr  10 and Sc=10. NB f ''(0)  '(0)  '(0) g '(0) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 -0.599733 -0.635423 -0.646809 -0.652032 -0.654779 -0.211426 -0.229303 -0.234939 -0.237504 -0.238841 1.111610 1.065070 1.026430 0.990473 0.956098 1.30727 1.88328 2.07338 2.16771 2.22387 Table IV: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of n when K  S  R    1, NT  N B  0.3, m  0.5, Q  0.2, Pr  10 and Sc=10. n f ''(0)  '(0)  '(0) g '(0) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 5.0 -0.197829 -0.430952 -0.563788 -0.649813 -0.754761 -0.857058 0.172956 -0.0263596 -0.15134 -0.23634 -0.344031 -0.452846 1.00874 1.06582 1.10126 1.12576 1.15695 1.18866 2.20583 2.10284 2.04072 1.99916 1.94704 1.89471 Table V: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of S when K    R  1, NT  N B  0.3, m  0.5, Q  0.2, n  2, Pr  10 and Sc=10. S f ''(0)  '(0)  '(0) g '(0) 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 -0.705108 -0.694000 -0.682917 -0.671858 -0.660824 -0.649813 -0.267333 -0.261128 -0.254928 -0.248728 -0.242532 -0.230340 1.11713 1.11888 1.12062 1.12234 1.12406 1.12576 www.ijmer.com 1.99127 1.99287 1.99445 1.99603 1.99760 1.99916 2678 | Page
  • 6. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) www.ijmer.com Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 Table VI: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of K when S    R  1, NT  N B  0.3, m  0.5, Q  0.2, n  2, Pr  10 and Sc=10. K f ''(0)  '(0)  '(0) g '(0) 0.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 -0.708256 -0.678646 -0.646809 -0.593866 -0.554020 -0.368713 -0.284347 -0.234939 -0.176569 -0.142405 0.99671 1.01363 1.02043 1.04481 1.05753 2.05477 2.06507 2.07338 2.08581 2.09470 Table VII: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of  when K  S  R  1, NT  N B  0.3, m  0.5, Q  0.2, n  2, Pr  10 and Sc=10.  f ''(0)  '(0)  '(0) g '(0) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -0.902584 -0.772424 -0.646809 -0.524913 -0.406157 -0.3743770 -0.3042750 -0.2349390 -0.1662230 -0.0980246 0.976165 1.002770 1.026430 1.047850 1.087500 2.03765 2.05617 2.07338 2.08950 2.10473 Table VIII: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of  when K  S  R  1, NT  N B  0.3, m  0.5, Q  0.2, n  2, Pr  10 and Sc=10. Sc f ''(0)  '(0)  '(0) g '(0) 1 10 20 50 100 -0.444950 -0.649813 -0.683747 -0.714107 -0.729246 -0.144039 -0.236340 -0.254022 -0.270606 -0.279186 1.27846 1.12596 1.10025 1.08001 1.07134 -0.185624 1.999160 3.160030 5.353600 7.757390 Table IX: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of m when K  S    R  1, NT  N B  0.3, Q  0.2, n  2, Pr  10 and Sc=10. m f ''(0)  '(0)  '(0) g '(0) 0.0 0.5 1.0 -0.556371 -0.649813 -0.781214 0.175433 -0.23634 -0.805276 1.14406 1.12576 1.09812 2.01556 1.99916 1.97507 Table X: Numerical values of f ''(0), g '(0),  '(0) and   '(0) at the sheet for different values of R and Q when K  S    1, NT  N B  0.3, m  0.5, n  2, Pr  10 and Sc=10. Q f ''(0)  '(0)  '(0) g '(0) R 0 1 2 3 1 1 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.5 0.0 0.5 -0.677021 -0.646809 -0.624100 -0.605761 -0.664790 -0.655018 -0.639733 -0.248789 -0.234939 -0.225284 -0.217902 -0.243369 -0.238772 -0.231650 1.420510 1.026430 0.825949 0.701209 1.701410 1.308890 0.807817 www.ijmer.com 1.885870 2.073380 2.165100 2.219370 1.556840 1.308890 2.234470 2679 | Page
  • 7. www.ijmer.com International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 Fig.1(a) Velocity profiles for different values of NT Fig.1 (b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of NT Fig.1(c) Temperature profiles for different values of NT Fig.1(d) Concentration profiles for different values of NT www.ijmer.com 2680 | Page
  • 8. www.ijmer.com International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 1.0 K==S=R=1, NT=0.3, m=0.5 n=2, Q=0.2, Pr=Sc=10 0.8 0.6 f' 0.4 NB =0.1, 0.3, 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0  Fig.2(a) Velocity profiles for different values of NB Fig.2 (b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of NB Fig.2(c) Temperature profiles for different values of NB www.ijmer.com 2681 | Page
  • 9. www.ijmer.com International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 Fig.2 (d) Concentration profiles for different values of NB Fig.3 (a) Velocity profiles for different values of n Fig.3 (b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of n Fig.3(c) Temperature profiles for different values of n www.ijmer.com 2682 | Page
  • 10. www.ijmer.com International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 Fig.3 (d) Concentration profiles for different values of n Fig.4 (a) Velocity profiles for different values of S Fig.4 (b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of S www.ijmer.com 2683 | Page
  • 11. www.ijmer.com International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 Fig.4 (c) Temperature profiles for different values of S Fig.4 (d) Concentration profiles for different values of S Fig.5 (a) Velocity profiles for different values of K Fig.5 (b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of K www.ijmer.com 2684 | Page
  • 12. www.ijmer.com International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 Fig.5 (c) Temperature profiles for different values of K 1.0 0.9 NT=NB=0.3, S=R==1, n=2 0.8 Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5, Q=0.2 0.7 0.6  0.5 0.4 0.3 K=0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.5(d) Concentration profiles for different values of K 1.0 NT=NB=0.3, S=K=R=1, n=2 Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5, Q=0.2 0.8 0.6 =0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 f' 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.6 (a) Velocity profiles for different values of  www.ijmer.com 2685 | Page
  • 13. www.ijmer.com International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 0.45 NT=NB=0.3, K=R=S=1, Q=0.2 0.40 n=2, Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5 0.35 0.30 g =0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.6(b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of  1.0 0.9 NT=NB=0.3, K=R=S=1, Q=0.2 0.8 n=2, Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5 0.7 0.6  0.5 0.4 0.3 =0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.6(c) Temperature profiles for different values of  1.0 0.9 NT=NB=0.3, S=K=R=1, Q=0.2 0.8 Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5, n=2 0.7 0.6  0.5 0.4 =0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.6(d) Concentration profiles for different values of  www.ijmer.com 2686 | Page
  • 14. www.ijmer.com International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 1.0 NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1, n=2 0.8 m=0.5, Q=0.2, Sc=10 0.6 Pr=1, 10, 20 f' 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.7(a) Velocity profiles for different values of Pr 0.36 NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1 0.32 n=2, Q=0.2, Sc=10,m=0.5 0.28 Pr=1, 10, 20 0.24 0.20 g 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.04 0.00 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.7(b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of Pr 1.0 0.9 Pr=1, 10, 20 0.8 NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1 0.7 n=2, Q=0.2, Sc=10, m=0.5 0.6  0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.7(c) Temperature profiles for different values of Pr www.ijmer.com 2687 | Page
  • 15. www.ijmer.com International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 1.0 0.9 NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1 0.8 n=2, Q=0.2, m=0.5, Sc=10 0.7 0.6  0.5 0.4 Pr=1, 10, 20 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.7(d) Concentration profiles for different values of Pr 1.0 0.9 NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1, n=2 0.8 m=0.5, Q=0.2, Pr=10 0.7 Sc=1, 10, 20 0.6 f' 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.8(a) Velocity profiles for different values of Sc 0.36 NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1 0.32 n=2, Q=0.2, Pr=10,m=0.5 0.28 Sc=1, 10, 20 0.24 0.20 g 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.04 0.00 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.8(b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of Sc www.ijmer.com 2688 | Page
  • 16. www.ijmer.com International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 1.0 0.9 NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1 0.8 n=2, Q=0.2, Pr=10, m=0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5  0.4 0.3 Sc=1, 10, 20 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.8(c) Temperature profiles for different values of Sc 1.0 0.9 NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1 0.8 n=2, Q=0.2, m=0.5, Pr=10 0.7 Sc=1, 10, 20 0.6  0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.8(d) Concentration profiles for different values of Sc 1.0 NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1 0.8 n=2, Q=0.2, Pr=Sc=10 0.6 m=0, 0.5, 1 f' 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.9(a) Velocity profiles for different values of m www.ijmer.com 2689 | Page
  • 17. www.ijmer.com International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 0.8 0.7 NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1 n=2, Q=0.2, Pr=Sc=10 0.6 0.5 g 0.4 0.3 m=0, 0.5, 1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.9(b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of m 1.0 0.9 NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1 0.8 n=2, Q=0.2, Pr=Sc=10 0.7 0.6 0.5  0.4 0.3 m=0, 0.5, 1 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0  Fig.9(c) Temperature profiles for different values of m 1.0 0.9 NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1 0.8 n=2, Q=0.2, Pr=Sc=10 0.7 0.6  0.5 0.4 0.3 m=0, 0.5, 1 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0  Fig.9(d) Concentration profiles for different values of m www.ijmer.com 2690 | Page
  • 18. www.ijmer.com International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 1.0 NT=NB=0.3, S=K==1, n=2 0.8 Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5, Q=0.2 0.6 f' R=0, 1, 2, 3 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0  Fig.10(a) Velocity profiles for different values of R 0.35 0.30 NT=NB=0.3, K==S=1, n=2 Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5, Q=0.2 0.25 g R=0, 1, 2, 3 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0  Fig.10(b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of R 1.0 0.9 NT=NB=0.3, S==K=1, n=2 0.8 Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5, Q=0.2 0.7 R=0, 1, 2, 3 0.6  0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.10(c) Temperature profiles for different values of R www.ijmer.com 2691 | Page
  • 19. www.ijmer.com International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 1.0 0.9 NT=NB=0.3, S=K==1, n=2 0.8 Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5, Q=0.2 0.7 0.6  0.5 0.4 0.3 R=0, 1, 2, 3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0  Fig.10(d) Concentration profiles for different values of R 1.0 NT=NB=0.3, S=K==R=1, n=2 0.8 n=2, Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5 0.6 Q=-2, 0, 0.3, 0.5 f' 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0  Fig.11(a) Velocity profiles for different values of Q 0.35 0.30 NT=NB=0.3, K==R=S=1 n=2, Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5 0.25 Q=-2, 0, 0.3, 0.5 0.20 g 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.11 (b) Angular velocity profiles for different values of Q www.ijmer.com 2692 | Page
  • 20. www.ijmer.com International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 1.0 0.9 NT=NB=0.3, S==K=R=1 0.8 n=2, Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5 0.7 0.6  0.5 Q=-2, 0, 0.3, 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0 1 2 3 4  Fig.11(c) Temperature profiles for different values of Q 1.0 0.9 NT=NB=0.3, S=K==R=1 0.8 Pr=Sc=10, m=0.5, n=2 0.7 0.6  0.5 0.4 Q=-2, 0, 0.3, 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0  Fig.11 (d) Concentration profiles for different values of Q V. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, we have presented a boundary layer analysis for the mixed convection flow of a non-Newtonian nanofluid on a non-linearly stretching sheet by taking radiation and heat source/sink into account. The micropolar model is chosen for the non-Newtonian fluid since the spinning motion of the nanoparticles as they move along the streamwise direction can be best described by the micropolar fluid model. The governing boundary layer equations have been transformed to a two-point boundary value problem in similarity variables and the resultant problem is solved numerically using the fourth order Runga-Kutta method along with shooting technique. The particular solutions reported in this paper were validated by comparing with solutions existing in the previously published paper. Our results show a good agreement with the existing work in the literature. The results are summarized as follows 1. The thermophoresis parameter increases, friction factor increase, where as the heat and mass transfer rates decreases. 2. Brownian motion reduces nanoparticle diffusion. 3. The radiation and heat source/sink increases the friction factor and mass transfer rate and reduces the heat transfer rate. 4. The radiation and heat source/sink reduces the angular velocity, and increase the velocity, temperature and concentration. www.ijmer.com 2693 | Page
  • 21. www.ijmer.com International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2674-2694 ISSN: 2249-6645 REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] Pearson, J. R. A., Tardy, P. M. J, (2002), Models for flow of non-Newtonian and complex fluids through porous media, J Non Newton Fluid Mech, Vol.102, pp.447–473. Ellahi R, Afza, S, (2009), Effects of variable viscosity in a third grade fluid with porous medium: an analytic solution, Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul., Vol.14(5), pp.2056–2072. Ellahi, R, (2009), Effects of the slip boundary condition on non- Newtonian flows in a channel, Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul., Vol.144, pp.1377–1384. Rama Subba Reddy Gorla and Mahesh Kumari, (2012), Mixed Convection Flow of a Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Over a NonLinearly Stretching Sheet, Journal of Nanofluids, Vol. 1, pp. 186–195. Choi, S., Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles, in: D.A. Siginer, H.P. Masuda, H., Ebata, A,Teramae, K., Hishinuma, N., (1993), Alteration of thermal conductivity and viscosity of liquid by dispersing ultra-fine particles, NetsuBussei (Japan), Vol.7, No.4, pp.227–233. Eldabe, N. T., Elbashbeshy, E. M. A., Elsaid, E. M.,(2013), Effects of Magnetic Field and Heat Generation on Viscous Flow and Heat Transfer over a Nonlinearly Stretching Surface in a Nanofluid, International Journal of Applied Mathematics, ISSN:20515227, Vol.28, Issue.1 Erigen, A. C., (1966), Theory of micropolar fluids, J. math. Mech., Vol. 16, pp.1-18. Arpaci, V.S., (1968), Effects of thermal radiation on the laminar free convection from a heated vertical plate, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol.11, pp.871-881. Cess, R.D., (1966), Interaction of thermal radiation with free convection heat transfer, Int. J. Heat Mass transfer, Vol.9, pp.12691277. Cheng, E.H and Ozisik, M.N., (1972), Radiation with free convection in an absorbing emitting and scattering medium, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol.15, pp.1243-1252. Raptis, A., (1998), Radiation and free convection flow through a porous medium, Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol.25(2), pp.289-295. Hossain, M.A. and Takhar, H.S., (1996), Radiation effects on mixed convection along a vertical plate with uniform surface temperature, Heat Mass Transfer, Vol.31, pp.243-248. Hossain, M.A. and Takhar, H.S., (1999), Thermal radiation effects on the natural convection flow over an isothermal horizontal plate, Heat Mass Transfer, Vol.35, pp.321-326. Oahimire, J. I., Olajuwon, B.I., Waheed, M. A., and Abiala, I. O., (2013), Analytical solution to mhd micropolar fluid flow past a vertical plate in a slip- flow regime in the presence of thermal diffusion and thermal radiation, Journal of the Nigerian Mathematical Society, Vol. 32, pp. 33-60. El-Arabawy, H.A.M., (2003), Effect of suction/injection on the flow of a micropolar fluid past a continuously moving plate in the presence of radiation, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol.46, pp. 1471–1477. Ogulu, A., (2005), On the oscillating plate-temperature flow of a polar fluid past a vertical porous plate in the presence of couple stresses and radiation, Int. comm. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol.32, pp. 1231–1243. Rahman, M. M. and Sattar, M. A., (2006), Magneto hydrodynamic convective flow of a micropolar fluid past a continuously moving vertical porous plate in the presence of heat generation/absorption, ASME J. H. Transfer, Vol.128, pp. 142–152. Nor Azian Aini Mat, Norihan M Arifin, Roslinda Nazar and Fudziah Ismail, (2012), Radiation effect on Marangoni convection boundary layer flow of a nanofluid, Mathematical Sciences, 6:21. Sparrow, E.M. and Cess, R.D., (1961), Temperature-dependent heat sources or sinks in a stagnation point flow, Applied Scientific Research, Vol.A10, pp.185-189. Pop, I. and Soundalgekar, V.M., (1962), Viscous dissipation effects on unsteady free convection flow past an infinite plate with constant suction and heat source, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol.17, pp.85-92. Rahman, M. M. and Sattar, M. A., (2007), Transient convective flow of micropolar fluid past a continuously moving vertical porous plate in the presence of radiation, Int. J. App. Mech. Engi., Vol.12(2), pp. 497–51. Yanhai Lin, Liancun Zheng and Xinxin Zhang, (2012), Marangoni Convection Flow and Heat Transfer in Pseudoplastic NonNewtonian Nanofluids with Radiation Effectsand Heat Generation or Absorption Effects, numerical analysis and applied mathematics, AIP Con.Proc., 1479, pp.50-53. Chamkha, A.J., (2000), Thermal radiation and buoyancy effects on hydromagnetic flow over an accelerating permeable surface with heat source or sink, Int.J.Heat Mass Transfer, Vol.38, pp.1699-1712. Jain, M.K., Iyengar, S.R.K. and Jain, R.K., (1985), Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engineering Computation, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, India. www.ijmer.com 2694 | Page