General View of Korea Genebank(NAC) and its activities,Current status of Germplasm holdings in NAC(National Agrobiodiversity Center),Integrated PGR Management System,Current Research Activities

1. Korea Genebank,
National Agrobiodiversity Center
Korea Gene bank
Rural Development Administration

2. Overview
 General View of Korea Genebank(NAC) and its
activities
 Current status of Germplasm holdings in NAC
 Integrated PGR Management System
 Current Research Activities
 My research activities

3. Mission
 Introduction & Collection
 Useful species for crop improvement
 Traditional landrace
 Wild relatives of crop species
 Conservation
 Periodic viability tests
 Multiplication
 Evaluation & Characterization
 Nationwide collaborative projects
 Database construction
 Utilization, Distribution & Exchange
 Public & private users
 Distribution of seeds and information

4. Rural Development Administration
Rural Development Administration
Planning and Managenment Office National Inst. of Ag. Science & Technology
Research Management Bureau National Inst. of Ag. Biotechnology
Provincial Provincial Ag. Research
National Inst. of Ag. Engineering
govemor & Extension Services
Extension Service Bureau
National Horticultural Research Inst.
City/county Ag.
City(county) Farm Management and Information Office
Development
mayor
& Technology Centers National Livestock Research Inst.
Audit and Legal Affairs Office
Region-specific Crop National Institute of Crop Science
Experiment Station
Communication & Media Office
National Inst. of Highland Agriculture
General Services Division National Jeju Ag. Experiment Stn.
Korea National Agricultural College

5. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Rural Development Administration(RDA)
Genetic Resources National Institute of Agricultural
Council (GRC) Biotechnology(NIAB)
Germplasm Advisory Nat’l Agrobiodiversity Center  19 researchers
Committee(GAC) (Korea Genebank)
 4 technicians
Collection & Evaluation & Conservation &
Introduction Regeneration Distribution
(2) (6) (4)
Integrated management of national Documentation & Information
germplasm conservation Network
(5) (2)
Organization and function for national genetic resources system in Korea

7. Storage Facilities
Room designation Capabilities Area Temperature Humidity
m2 o
C %RH
Storage Facilities
Long-term 500,000 samples 264 -18 + 1 40
Mid-term 500,000 samples 795 4 +1 30
Seed Drying Room 3~6% seed moisture 54 15 + 3 10 + 5
content
Packing Room Reducing infiltration of 98 20 + 3 30 + 5
moisture
Laboratories & Monitoring seed viability, 8,296 Air-conditioned Ambient
Others machinery & database, conditions
management
* An international standard recommended by IPGRI

8. Automated Long-term Storage Facility

9. Mid-term Storage Facility

10. Vacuumed aluminum foil pack and plastic bottle with silica gel indicator
are used for long- & mid-term packing, respectively
Bar-code system for each accession

11. Germplasm holdings
 Germplasm collections in the NAC (2006)
No. of No. of No. of landrace
Crops
species accessions accessions
Cereal crops 414 116,225 22,974 (19.9%)
Vegetables & fruit trees 462 14,719 5,188 (28.1%)
Industrial & medicinal 258 18,555 2,346 (16.3%)
plants
Forage crops & others 643 3,807 361 (9.5%)
Industrial &
Vegetables & fruit
trees
medicinal plants
Fo rage cro ps &
1,777 153,306 20.5%
12%
10% o thers
2%
Cereal cro ps

12. Germplasm holdings
 Collections of vegetatively propagating plants
No. of
Crops No. of species
accessions
Fruit trees 25 7,229
Flowers 32 4,585
Vegetables 24 2,263
Medicinal plants 46 3,685
Fiber crops 3 155
Tuber and Others
Fruit trees
Shrubs & grasses 322 829
19%
Shrubs & grasses
30% Tuber and Others 39 4,376
4%
Fiber cro ps
1% Total 491 23,122
Medicinal plants
16%
Flo wers
Vegetables
20%
10%

13. 단백질 공급원의 효자종자, 콩
Landrace peppers
Soobicho Eumseongjaerae
Landrace Chinese cabbages
Gaeseongbaechoo Joseonjaerae roots of landrace cabbages

14. 김치문화의 견인종자, 배추와 무
Landrace rice
Hanyangjo Nokdudo
Landrace soybeans
Hanagarikong

15. Wild species conserved in NAC
Total: 2,651 accessions
vegetables
738acc(27.8%)
Industrial grops
124acc(4.7%) Cereals and
Legumes
1789acc(67.5%)

16. Germplasm Exploration and Collection
 Crop-specific collaborative explorations with different countries,
like Russia, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Nepal and other Central Asian
Regions have been done since 1997

17. Bilateral Agreement on PGR Exchange
 Collaborative research and explorations under the MOU
 Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan, Bulgaria, China and IPGRI-APO

18. Germplasm Exploration and Collection
 Domestic explorations and collections were targeted to landraces
and wild relatives.
 Landraces were collected directly from farmers and/or various
sources such as research centers and universities.
 Wild relatives were explored and collected from mountainous,
islands, basins and hinter lands

19. Characterization and Evaluation
No. of
No. of conserved
Crops characterized Ratio (%)
accessions
accessions
115,658 92,019 79.6
Cereals
18,461 11,121 60.2
Industrial &
Medicinal plants
Vegetables
14,345 8,129 56.6
Others
3,805 1,501 39.4
Total 152,269 112,770 74.1
 Since 1991, the NAC has been designated as a Center for World
Sesame germplasm collection by FAO and IPGRI, and 1,600
accessions have been characterized and evaluated.

20. Characterization and Evaluation
1. Chinese Cabbage Landrace
2. Screening of Clubroot
(Plasmodiophora brassicae)
Resistance
3. characteristics of plant and spike type
of weedy rice

21. 토종유전자원 DNA 뱅크구축
DNA Bank Construction for Korean Landraces
Seedling for DNA extraction Genetic analysis
Landraces and rice core collection

22. Regeneration
 Seed viability test is carried out every 5 to 10 years for the
medium term storage, and every 10 to 20 years for the long-
term storage.
 Seeds with less than 80% have to be regenerated.
 Regeneration of stored germplasm has been carried out in
coordination between the NAC and affiliated experimental
stations designated as national PGR centers.
Viability level <20% 20~60% 61~80% >81%
Ratio(%) 3.6 10.2 14.8 71.3

23. Germplasm Distribution & Utilization
 Over 198,000 samples and elite lines, varieties, genetic stocks,
improved cultivars of agronomic importance have been
distributed
Domestic Foreign
Periods Total
Users Institutes
19852003 191,673 6,960 198,633
 These materials have been used by various institutes for their
crop improvement program
 Distribution of germplasm has been sought with “no charge”

24. Documentation & Information Networking
 Passport, stock, image, characterization, evaluation
and distribution data etc. can be accessed at
http://genebank.rda.go.kr/.

25. Network System
Sharing of GR
Main Genebank SubGenebank Intranet
Intranet Univ. & Private
Institutes
Information Man.
of PGR
Seed
Info. Exch. Comprehensive
Veg.Prop.
Networking of Ag.
PGR In vitro
Cryo
DNA ….
Man. PGR & Internet
Contents
(C/S, Intranet) Search for PGR Inf.
& Inquire Material
Web Master/
Info. Sharing of PGR Transfer General Client
Manager

26. Documentation

27. Integrated PGR Management System
NAC
Germplasm Exploration, Collection, Introduction, & Exchange
Long-term and Mid-term Storage
Sub-Genebank Clonal Germplasm Repository Designated PGR Centers
4 Institutes w/ 12 Div. 6 Institutes w/ 16 Div. 17 Univ. Research Labs
8 Prov. RDA w/ 11 Div. & RS 9 Prov.RDA w/ 29 Div.& RS 1 State-run Research Institute

28. Sub-Genebank Kangwon : Corn
NIHA: Carrot
Kyunggi : Job’s tears
Chungbuk: Cherry Tomato
NAC HQ
NICS : Rice, Corn
NHRI : Vegetables, Flowers
Honam R.I. : Rice, Wheat
Kyungbuk : Pepper
Chungbuk: Water melon
Youngnam E. St. : Legumes
Chunnam : Mung bean
Kyungnam : Onion

29. Gangwon RDA : Mountain Herbs
Clonal Germplasm Repository
Kyunggi RDA : Cactus NIHA : Potato
NICS: Medicinal Plants
Chungbuk : Grape
NHRI : Fruit trees, Flowering trees
Kyungbuk : Persimmon
Chungnam RDA : Strawberry
Daegu : Apple
Honam NICS : Herbs
Youngnam : Peony
Chunbuk RDA : Herbs
Naju E.St : Pear
Chunnam : Tea Kyungnam : Chrysanthemum
Mokpo E.St : Garlic
Jeju P.RDA : Citrus fruits, Cymbidium
NationalJeju Ag. Exp. St.: Citrus fruits

30. Designated PGR Centers
SNU : Rice, Bacteria Kangwon Uni.: Perilla
Korea Univ. : Herbs, Fungi
SWU: Virus
Kunkuk Uni. : Rice
Chungbuk Univ. : Legumes
Chungang Uni. Cucurbita
Mokwon Uni. : Bacteria
Chungnam Univ. Corn,
Brassica.
KAERI : Soybean
Kyungbuk Univ.: Lily
Kyungsang Univ. : Soybean, Barley

31. Current Research Activities on the
Conservation and Utilization of PGRs

32. In-situ Conservation
 Surveying genetic diversity of wild soybean and Vigna species
 Surveying weedy rice throughout the nation
 Supporting on-farm management to restore diversity of
landraces on farmers’ field
 Evolutionary studies of genome diversification using molecular
methods

33. Ex-situ Conservation
 Collection and conservation of wild species of
soybean (Glycine soja), Vigna, Brassica and weedy
rice were conducted from their natural habitats or
farmers’ field
Habitats of wild radish and leaf mustard

34. Ex-situ Conservation
 Development of national safe conservation system for
genetic stocks and mutant lines for functional
genomic research
 Expansion of vegetatively propagated collections to
universities and private sectors
 Development of in vitro and cryopreservation
technology for garlic, potato and ginseng

35. Photographs of cotyledonary embryonic axis and plantlet formation
from the cryopreserved samples of tea

36. Cryopreservation of V. P. plants
Droplet Garlic
vitrification
Ginseng seeds Garlic

37. Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources
 Strengthening of evaluation for industrial uses of PGRs
 Development of landrace core collection of rice, soybean, corn
and sesame based on agronomic characters and molecular
markers
 Developing DNA profiles of core sets of main crops including
under utilized crops and vegetatively propagated crops
 Molecular characterization & allele mining of genebank
accessions including EcoTILLING technology
 Constructing expression profiles of resistant genes using RNA
profiles including DNA chip analysis

38. Heuristic Algorithm Core Set: 168 accessions, 1.62% Original Population: 10,368 accessions
A case study for developing a core set of rice collection using the
heuristic algorithm.

39. My Research Activities
Diversity of Legume
 Glycine soja : in situ conservation & diversity
 development of collecting SOP
 Vigna : Molecular systematics on the genus Vigna
Genetic diversity of V. nakashimae & wild adzuki bean
 Re-identification of Korean Soybean landraces
 selected representative 53 accessions

40. Selection of representative landrace soybean
(Gumgangdaerip) – morphological & molecular data

41. Molecular systematics on
Vigna
cpDNA TrnL-F intron & TrnL
intergenic spacer
nrDNA ITS
Maximum parsimony analysis
- if the genus Vigna is
monophyletic
- if the relationship among the
subgenera is supported
- if the subgenus Plectotropis
is a bridge between African and
Asian Vigna