Presentation during IITA R4D week 2015 (23 - 27 Nov. 2015).

1. www.iita.orgA member of CGIAR consortium
Adding value to research through integrated crop-
livestock (C/L) research
23 November 2015
(R4D Week 2015)

2. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
Adding value to research through integrated
crop-livestock (C/L) research

3. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
• Why - add value……?
• How - can value be added…?
• Way forward….future plans…?
• Challenges…..of adding value….?
Outline

4. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
• Crop-livestock farmers make up about 60-
75% of the rural poor
• Contribution of livestock:
• Systems intensification and sustainability
• Food and nutrition security
• Household income
• Nutrient cycling
• Add value crop residues
Why integrated C/L research

5. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
Livestock
Systems
Crop-
livestock
Systems
Sole
Systems
Rangeland
based
Landless
Rainfed annual
crops-livestock
Rainfed tree
crops-livestock
Irrigated
crops-livestock
Pastoral
Fattening,
Peri-urban
dairy
Why integrated C/L research: crop residues

6. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
Importance of crop residues
•Food and feed - security
•Source of income
•Influence adoption
•Construction
•Soil conservation
•Nutrient cycling

7. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
1. Crops/Tree/Veg.
3.Livestock
2. Soil/Land
1. Crop
2. Soil
3. Livestock
4. Crop Soil
5. Crop Livestock√
6. Soil Livestock√
7. Crop Soil Livestock√
4 5
6
7
Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems

8. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
Nitrogen fertilizer (kg/ha)
Sheep density/ha 0 60 90
0 1.13 1.56 1.65
200 1.67 2.15 2.48
400 1.78 2.71 2.54
s.e. 0.088
P-value 0.009
Sheep stocking and N fertilizer effect on
maize grain yield

9. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
Cowpea population Fecal N Fecal P
(x1000) (g/kg) (mg/kg)
0 15.6c 17.7c
40 18.7a 19.8b
80 17.5b 23.9a
160 16.8b 23.4a
Cowpea population in maize:cowpea cropping
affects manure quality

10. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
ADG,g/day
0 100 200 300 400
Cowpea hay, g/day
Local
ICSV111
Sorghum variety and cowpea supplementation
effects on sheep growth

11. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
Adding value: food-feed crop evaluation scheme
Stage1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Lines = > 50
Plot size= 4x4 m
Plants = 5 - 20
Plots = 10m x10m
Lines = 3 – 5
Plot size=20x 20m
Crop
•Yield-grain
•Stover yield
•Harvest index
Crop
•Adaptation
•Yield-grain
•Disease/pest
•Flowering
•Morphology
Crop
•Yield-grain
•Stover-yield
•Stocking rate
Livestock
•Leaf:stem
•Crude protein
•Fiber (NDF)
•Digestibility
Livestock
•Digestibility
•Weight gain
•Intake/manure
•Gain/hectare
Livestock
•Leaf:stem
•Digestibility

12. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
Neutral
detergent
fibre
Acid
detergent
fibre
Cellulose
Insoluble minerals
Soluble minerals
Insoluble lignin
Soluble lignin
Lignin
Hemicellulose
Sugar
Starch
PectinNitrogen-free
extracts
Crude protein
Crude fibre
Protein
Non-protein N
Ether extracts
Ash
Ether extracts
Proximate
components
Chemical fraction Van Soest fraction
Cell contents
Adding value – crop residue quality and use

13. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
Digestible Dry Matter (DDM) = 88.9 – (0.79 x % ADF)
Dry Matter Intake (DMI) = 120 / %NDF
Relative Feed Value (RFV) = (%DDM x %DMI) / 1.2
Adding value – additional data collection
Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) = 88.9 - (0.79 x ADF%)

14. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
1. Crops/Tree/Veg.
3.Livestock
2. Soil/Land
1. Crop
2. Soil
3. Livestock
4. Crop Soil
5. Crop Livestock√
6. Soil Livestock√
7. Crop Soil Livestock√
4 5
6
7
Research focus
Looking into the future

15. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
• C/L research interest group
• Review past and current C/L research
• Recommend possible C/L activities
• Design implement C/L
Recommendations

16. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
• Science
• Defining a health balance between crop, soil,
livestock and crop-livestock research.
• Coordinating the delivery of expected outputs.
• Experimental designs and additional data.
• Partnership
• Building and managing multi-institutional and
multi-disciplinary research teams.
Challenges

17. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
Thank You