6. Preliminary map - HONEY Inputs - hives - protective materials Production honey Traders honey Marketing finished products Honey export market Provide the protective clothing Women homeworkers in hive production? Daughters helping with protective clothing? Women shopworkers/wives of traders? Mothers might buy nutritious products on local markets? Women and girls on family farms? Women shopworkers/wives of traders? Some visible/ invisible women stakeholders Modified from Mayoux and Mackie 2007, ILO
Gender is a social construct that refers to relations between and among the sexes, based on their relative roles. It encompasses the economic, political, and socio-cultural attributes, constraints, and opportunities associated with being male or female. As a social construct, gender varies across cultures, is dynamic, and open to change over time. Because of the variation in gender across cultures and over time, gender roles should not be assumed but investigated. Gender roles are shaped by ideological, religious, ethnic, economic and cultural factors, and are a key determinant of the distribution of responsibilities and resources between men and women This distribution can be changed through conscious social action Gender and sex are not synonyms Note that “gender” is not interchangeable with “women” or “sex.” Sex is fixed Gender roles change - Value chains encompass the full range of activities and services required to bring a product or service from its conception to sale in its final markets—whether local, national, regional or global. Value chains include input suppliers, producers, processors and buyers. They are supported by a range of technical, business and financial service providers. www.microLINKS.org or contact Ruth Campbell, ACDI/VOCA AMAP Program Manager (RCampbell@acdivoca.org). “ a series of sequential activities where at each step in the process the product passing through the chain of activities gains some value Meridian institute a value chain describes the full range of activities required to bring a product or service through the different phases of production, including physical transformation, the input of various producer services, and response to consumer demand.12 As such, value chains include the vertically linked interdependent processes that generate value for the consumer. A METHODOLOGICAL GUIDE Tools That Make Value Chains Work: Discussion and Cases Martin Webber, J.E. Austin Associates, Inc. Program Director: Patrick Labaste, The World Bank
Need for data to inform programming – Capacity and skills Appropriate tools -
There is a lack of holistic GVCA done (i.e. tracing out a whole chain and collecting sex-disaggregated data), resulting in a lack of information to inform gender aware agriculture programming The quality of evaluations of existing GVC work (i.e. interventions in chains to promote women’s involvement) is poor and there is a complete lack of sex-disaggregated value chain data Only a narrow range of crops have been covered through VCA or GVCA; similarly a narrow range has been included in reviews/assessments of interventions in chains Chain aspects studied Approaches are more often gender neutral than gender transformative Little attention is paid to the wider impacts of women’s chain participation or changes in this participation WHO ARE Involvement Various – international, national etc Inadequate capacity Little resources Reflected in the quality of data HOW TO Existing gender focused tools and manuals need improvement - weak
Different profiles of women (married/unmarried – school/out of school – rural vs urban) Assess variation in access to and control over economic resources Better informed gender aware programs that address the gaps in access and control towards constraints and women’s participation and benefits from the chains. ID sources of gender inequality, underlying women’s differential access to resources and ability to control the benefits of their economic participation Wider institutional implications – policies?
Two rapid assessments in western Kenya involving self help groups