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1

      Climbing	
  a	
  Different	
  Kind	
  of	
  Ladder


                   LADDER	
  of	
  INFERENCE
              Presented	
  by




      Sylvia	
  Gaffney,	
  Ph.D.
Tuesday, April 19, 2011
2

      Climbing	
  a	
  Different	
  Kind	
  of	
  Ladder


                   LADDER	
  of	
  INFERENCE

         In	
  collabora:on	
  with




Tuesday, April 19, 2011
3
     Why	
  the	
  Ladder?
       ✓    Improve	
  communica:on                  Facilitate	
  conflict	
  solu:ons	
  
       ✓    Reach	
  agreement	
  or	
               Improve	
  team	
  interac:on
            advance	
  resolu:on                     Open	
  for	
  diverse	
  opinions
       ✓    Arrive	
  at	
  new	
  possibili:es      Prevent	
  overreac:on	
  
       ✓    Learn	
  from	
  another’s	
             Understand	
  your	
  
            perspec:ve                                immediate	
  response	
  to	
  a	
  
       ✓    Allow	
  for	
  mul:ple	
  voices         situa:on
       ✓    Understand	
  resistance	
  to	
         Uncover	
  own	
  &	
  other	
  
            change                                    biases
       ✓    Surface	
  outdated	
  
                                                     Unearth	
  reasoning	
  &	
  origin	
  
            assump:ons                                of	
  	
  your	
  assump:ons
                                                     Surface	
  and	
  test	
  your	
  
       ✓    Understand	
  the	
  logic	
  
                                                      thinking	
  before	
  you	
  discuss	
  
            behind	
  recommenda:ons
                                                      a	
  topic


Tuesday, April 19, 2011
4

      Frequently	
  Climb	
  in	
  Organiza:ons


     Has	
  li<le	
  to	
  do	
  with	
  moving	
  
     up	
  in	
  status	
  or	
  posi-on


     Has	
  everything	
  to	
  do	
  with	
  
     jumping	
  to	
  conclusions


     ✦	
  	
  Unconscious	
  	
  
     ✦	
  	
  Automa-c	
  
     ✦	
  	
  Inaccurate	
  or	
  incomplete	
  info


Tuesday, April 19, 2011
5

      Opera:ng	
  on	
  Auto	
  Pilot


       Good	
  for	
  breathing,	
  diges-ng	
  food,	
  word	
  processing	
  &	
  driving



        Not	
  so	
  good	
  when	
  ac-ng	
  or	
  speaking	
  without	
  thinking	
  



        Automa-c	
  Reasoning	
  Processes
            ✦   Our	
  brains	
  are	
  absorbing	
  tons	
  of	
  data


Tuesday, April 19, 2011
6

      Mental	
  Models

       Unconscious	
  &	
  deeply	
  held	
  images	
  or	
  
       pictures	
  of	
  how	
  the	
  world	
  works	
  for	
  us
      ✦    Lens	
  we	
  use	
  to	
  see	
  the	
  world
      ✦    Saves	
  -me	
  based	
  on	
  past	
  
           experiences
      ✦    Able	
  to	
  quickly	
  make	
  sense	
  
           and	
  categorize	
  
      ✦    Important	
  because	
  they	
  
           unconsciously	
  influence	
  what	
  
           we	
  see	
  and	
  how	
  we	
  act
Tuesday, April 19, 2011
7

      Ladder	
  as	
  a	
  Good	
  Metaphor



                             Ladder	
  is	
  a	
  useful	
  piece	
  of	
  
                             equipment	
  that	
  allows	
  us	
  to	
  climb	
  
                             UP	
  and	
  DOWN	
  –	
  and,	
  easily	
  access	
  
                             places	
  we	
  wouldn’t	
  reach	
  without	
  it

                             Ladder	
  is	
  grounded	
  and	
  when	
  used	
  
                             in	
  a	
  safe	
  environment	
  does	
  the	
  job	
  
                             it’s	
  needed	
  and	
  intended	
  to	
  do


Tuesday, April 19, 2011
8

      Meaning	
  of	
  Inference

        Using	
  CLUES	
  to	
  figure	
  something	
  out

                                  Draw	
  conclusions	
  from	
  facts	
  we	
  
                                  already	
  know	
  and	
  have	
  in	
  our	
  head
                                                  ✓     Hear	
  the	
  tone
                                                  ✓     See	
  the	
  body	
  language
                                                  ✓     Consider	
  the	
  culture
                                                  ✓     Know	
  the	
  expecta:ons
                                  Given	
  this.	
  .	
  .	
  then	
  that	
  .	
  .	
  .	
  


Tuesday, April 19, 2011
9

      Basic	
  Concept	
  of	
  the	
  Ladder	
  


     Helps	
  us	
  bring	
  our	
  
     thinking	
  to	
  conscious	
  
     awareness	
  as	
  we	
  are	
  
     constantly	
  bombarded	
  
     with	
  massive	
  amounts	
  
     of	
  info
     ✦   Guides	
  us	
  in	
  making	
  sense	
  of	
  our	
  own	
  thinking
     ✦   Guides	
  us	
  to	
  be<er	
  understanding	
  of	
  the	
  thinking	
  of	
  others

Tuesday, April 19, 2011
10

      Communica:on	
  Considera:ons




             “The	
  single	
  biggest	
  problem	
  in	
  communica=on	
  is	
  the	
  
             illusion	
  that	
  it	
  has	
  taken	
  place.”	
  	
  George	
  Bernard	
  Shaw
Tuesday, April 19, 2011
11
      Different	
  Interpreta:ons	
  
      and	
  Responses	
  are	
  Evident
                                                                                THINK:	
  car,	
  dog,	
  
                                                                                house,	
  tree,	
  
    Determines	
  what	
  we	
  see,	
  hear,	
  how	
  we	
  behave,	
         power,	
  quality,	
  
    AND,	
  what	
  we	
  select	
  to	
  pay	
  a<en-on	
  to	
  next          valued,	
  diverse


                                                        ✦   	
  Past	
  experiences
                                                        ✦   	
  Beliefs
                                                        ✦   	
  Level	
  of	
  awareness
                                                        ✦   	
  Mo-vators
                                                        ✦   	
  Social	
  iden-ty
                                                        ✦   	
  Personal	
  iden-ty

Tuesday, April 19, 2011
12

      Jargon	
  and	
  Acronyms

    Company	
  specific	
  lingo	
  &	
  language	
  –	
  works	
  as	
  a	
  
    shortcut	
  in	
  communica=ng

    Ambiguous	
  ‘blinking’	
  words	
  –	
  causes	
  confusion	
  
    because	
  of	
  many	
  possible	
  or	
  different	
  
    interpreta=ons
                               ✦   Conscious	
  of	
  language	
  
                               ✦   Confirm	
  shared	
  meanings
                               ✦   Consider	
  person	
  and	
  context
Tuesday, April 19, 2011
13

      Emo:onally	
  Charged	
  Triggers

        What	
  causes	
  you	
  to	
  move	
  rapidly	
                        ✦   Topics
                                                                                ✦   Words
        up	
  the	
  ladder	
  without	
  ever	
                                ✦   Phrases
        checking	
  your	
  thinking	
  process?                                ✦   People
                                                                                ✦   Events
               ✓   Take	
  :me	
  to	
  pause	
  &	
  reflect                    ✦   Situa-ons
               ✓   Surface	
  the	
  triggers                                   ✦   and	
  more…	
  
               ✓   Be	
  aware	
  of	
  their	
  poten:al	
  to	
  derail	
  
                   your	
  thinking	
  &	
  behavior



Tuesday, April 19, 2011
14

      Automa:c	
  –	
  Unconscious	
  –	
  Rapid	
  


                                                    Lots	
  happening	
  in	
  	
  
                                                    a	
  well	
  laid-­‐	
  out	
  
                                                    sequence	
  from	
  the	
  
                                                    point	
  of	
  observing	
  
                                                    data	
  to	
  when	
  we	
  
              Data	
  =	
  Anything	
  that	
       actually	
  take	
  ac;on
              can	
  be	
  observed,	
  read,	
  
              heard	
  or	
  experienced


Tuesday, April 19, 2011
15

      Ladder	
  of	
  Inference




              Observe	
  Data
Tuesday, April 19, 2011
16

      Ladder	
  of	
  Inference




              Screen	
  Data
              Observe	
  from	
  a	
  pool	
  of	
  all	
  available	
  Data
Tuesday, April 19, 2011
17

      Ladder	
  of	
  Inference




              Select	
  Filtered	
  Data

              Screen	
  Data
              Observe	
  from	
  a	
  pool	
  of	
  all	
  available	
  Data
Tuesday, April 19, 2011
18

      Ladder	
  of	
  Inference




              Add	
  Meaning


              Select	
  Filtered	
  Data

              Screen	
  Data
              Observe	
  from	
  a	
  pool	
  of	
  all	
  available	
  Data
Tuesday, April 19, 2011
19

      Ladder	
  of	
  Inference


             Make	
  Assump:ons,	
  Draw	
  Conclusions	
  &	
  Adopt	
  Beliefs



              Add	
  Meaning


              Select	
  Filtered	
  Data

              Screen	
  Data
              Observe	
  from	
  a	
  pool	
  of	
  all	
  available	
  Data
Tuesday, April 19, 2011
20

      Ladder	
  of	
  Inference
              Take	
  Ac:on


             Make	
  Assump:ons,	
  Draw	
  Conclusions	
  &	
  Adopt	
  Beliefs



              Add	
  Meaning


              Select	
  Filtered	
  Data

              Screen	
  Data
              Observe	
  from	
  a	
  pool	
  of	
  all	
  available	
  Data
Tuesday, April 19, 2011
21

      We	
  Don’t	
  Even	
  No:ce


                     “The	
  range	
  of	
  what	
  we	
  think	
  and	
  do	
  is	
  
                     limited	
  by	
  what	
  we	
  fail	
  to	
  no=ce.

                     	
  And,	
  because	
  we	
  fail	
  to	
  no=ce	
  that	
  we	
  fail	
  to	
  
                     no=ce	
  -­‐	
  there	
  is	
  liEle	
  we	
  can	
  do	
  to	
  change...	
  un=l

                     we	
  no=ce	
  how	
  failing	
  to	
  no=ce	
  shapes	
  our	
  
                     thoughts	
  and	
  deeds.”	
  	
  R.D.	
  Laing


Tuesday, April 19, 2011
22

      For	
  More	
  Informa:on

                     Presented	
  by


                                            In	
  collabora*on	
  with




            Sylvia	
  Gaffney,	
  Ph.D.
          OPTIMIZE	
  Central
                                         info@ico-­‐consul-ng.com
             sylvia@gaffney.com
                                         www.ico-­‐consul-ng.com
              www.gaffney.com

Tuesday, April 19, 2011
23

      For	
  More	
  Informa:on

                     Presented	
  by
                                         Sylvia	
  provides	
  custom-­‐designed	
  consul-ng	
  
                                         services	
  in	
  organiza-onal	
  effec-veness	
  and	
  
                                         change	
  managements	
  assistance	
  to	
  
                                         companies	
  on	
  a	
  na-onal	
  and	
  interna-onal	
  
                                         basis.	
  Her	
  work	
  helps	
  companies	
  integrate	
  
                                         their	
  business	
  planning	
  through	
  a	
  systems	
  
                                         perspec-ve.	
  She	
  facilitates	
  processes	
  to	
  
            Sylvia	
  Gaffney,	
  Ph.D.   improve	
  team	
  building	
  and	
  blending,	
  
                                         leadership	
  development,	
  intergenera-onal	
  
          OPTIMIZE	
  Central            challenges,	
  cultural	
  change	
  issues,	
  
             sylvia@gaffney.com           resilience,	
  strategic	
  reten-on,	
  and	
  strategic	
  
                                         staffing.	
  	
  Sylvia	
  owns	
  and	
  operates	
  Gaffney	
  
              www.gaffney.com             Corporate	
  Strategies	
  and	
  Op;mize	
  Central.

Tuesday, April 19, 2011

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Ladder of Inference-#1

  • 1. 1 Climbing  a  Different  Kind  of  Ladder LADDER  of  INFERENCE Presented  by Sylvia  Gaffney,  Ph.D. Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 2. 2 Climbing  a  Different  Kind  of  Ladder LADDER  of  INFERENCE In  collabora:on  with Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 3. 3 Why  the  Ladder? ✓ Improve  communica:on  Facilitate  conflict  solu:ons   ✓ Reach  agreement  or    Improve  team  interac:on advance  resolu:on  Open  for  diverse  opinions ✓ Arrive  at  new  possibili:es  Prevent  overreac:on   ✓ Learn  from  another’s    Understand  your   perspec:ve immediate  response  to  a   ✓ Allow  for  mul:ple  voices situa:on ✓ Understand  resistance  to    Uncover  own  &  other   change biases ✓ Surface  outdated    Unearth  reasoning  &  origin   assump:ons of    your  assump:ons  Surface  and  test  your   ✓ Understand  the  logic   thinking  before  you  discuss   behind  recommenda:ons a  topic Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 4. 4 Frequently  Climb  in  Organiza:ons Has  li<le  to  do  with  moving   up  in  status  or  posi-on Has  everything  to  do  with   jumping  to  conclusions ✦    Unconscious     ✦    Automa-c   ✦    Inaccurate  or  incomplete  info Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 5. 5 Opera:ng  on  Auto  Pilot Good  for  breathing,  diges-ng  food,  word  processing  &  driving Not  so  good  when  ac-ng  or  speaking  without  thinking   Automa-c  Reasoning  Processes ✦ Our  brains  are  absorbing  tons  of  data Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 6. 6 Mental  Models Unconscious  &  deeply  held  images  or   pictures  of  how  the  world  works  for  us ✦ Lens  we  use  to  see  the  world ✦ Saves  -me  based  on  past   experiences ✦ Able  to  quickly  make  sense   and  categorize   ✦ Important  because  they   unconsciously  influence  what   we  see  and  how  we  act Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 7. 7 Ladder  as  a  Good  Metaphor Ladder  is  a  useful  piece  of   equipment  that  allows  us  to  climb   UP  and  DOWN  –  and,  easily  access   places  we  wouldn’t  reach  without  it Ladder  is  grounded  and  when  used   in  a  safe  environment  does  the  job   it’s  needed  and  intended  to  do Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 8. 8 Meaning  of  Inference Using  CLUES  to  figure  something  out Draw  conclusions  from  facts  we   already  know  and  have  in  our  head ✓ Hear  the  tone ✓ See  the  body  language ✓ Consider  the  culture ✓ Know  the  expecta:ons Given  this.  .  .  then  that  .  .  .   Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 9. 9 Basic  Concept  of  the  Ladder   Helps  us  bring  our   thinking  to  conscious   awareness  as  we  are   constantly  bombarded   with  massive  amounts   of  info ✦ Guides  us  in  making  sense  of  our  own  thinking ✦ Guides  us  to  be<er  understanding  of  the  thinking  of  others Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 10. 10 Communica:on  Considera:ons “The  single  biggest  problem  in  communica=on  is  the   illusion  that  it  has  taken  place.”    George  Bernard  Shaw Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 11. 11 Different  Interpreta:ons   and  Responses  are  Evident THINK:  car,  dog,   house,  tree,   Determines  what  we  see,  hear,  how  we  behave,   power,  quality,   AND,  what  we  select  to  pay  a<en-on  to  next valued,  diverse ✦  Past  experiences ✦  Beliefs ✦  Level  of  awareness ✦  Mo-vators ✦  Social  iden-ty ✦  Personal  iden-ty Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 12. 12 Jargon  and  Acronyms Company  specific  lingo  &  language  –  works  as  a   shortcut  in  communica=ng Ambiguous  ‘blinking’  words  –  causes  confusion   because  of  many  possible  or  different   interpreta=ons ✦ Conscious  of  language   ✦ Confirm  shared  meanings ✦ Consider  person  and  context Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 13. 13 Emo:onally  Charged  Triggers What  causes  you  to  move  rapidly   ✦ Topics ✦ Words up  the  ladder  without  ever   ✦ Phrases checking  your  thinking  process? ✦ People ✦ Events ✓ Take  :me  to  pause  &  reflect ✦ Situa-ons ✓ Surface  the  triggers ✦ and  more…   ✓ Be  aware  of  their  poten:al  to  derail   your  thinking  &  behavior Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 14. 14 Automa:c  –  Unconscious  –  Rapid   Lots  happening  in     a  well  laid-­‐  out   sequence  from  the   point  of  observing   data  to  when  we   Data  =  Anything  that   actually  take  ac;on can  be  observed,  read,   heard  or  experienced Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 15. 15 Ladder  of  Inference Observe  Data Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 16. 16 Ladder  of  Inference Screen  Data Observe  from  a  pool  of  all  available  Data Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 17. 17 Ladder  of  Inference Select  Filtered  Data Screen  Data Observe  from  a  pool  of  all  available  Data Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 18. 18 Ladder  of  Inference Add  Meaning Select  Filtered  Data Screen  Data Observe  from  a  pool  of  all  available  Data Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 19. 19 Ladder  of  Inference Make  Assump:ons,  Draw  Conclusions  &  Adopt  Beliefs Add  Meaning Select  Filtered  Data Screen  Data Observe  from  a  pool  of  all  available  Data Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 20. 20 Ladder  of  Inference Take  Ac:on Make  Assump:ons,  Draw  Conclusions  &  Adopt  Beliefs Add  Meaning Select  Filtered  Data Screen  Data Observe  from  a  pool  of  all  available  Data Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 21. 21 We  Don’t  Even  No:ce “The  range  of  what  we  think  and  do  is   limited  by  what  we  fail  to  no=ce.  And,  because  we  fail  to  no=ce  that  we  fail  to   no=ce  -­‐  there  is  liEle  we  can  do  to  change...  un=l we  no=ce  how  failing  to  no=ce  shapes  our   thoughts  and  deeds.”    R.D.  Laing Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 22. 22 For  More  Informa:on Presented  by In  collabora*on  with Sylvia  Gaffney,  Ph.D. OPTIMIZE  Central info@ico-­‐consul-ng.com sylvia@gaffney.com www.ico-­‐consul-ng.com www.gaffney.com Tuesday, April 19, 2011
  • 23. 23 For  More  Informa:on Presented  by Sylvia  provides  custom-­‐designed  consul-ng   services  in  organiza-onal  effec-veness  and   change  managements  assistance  to   companies  on  a  na-onal  and  interna-onal   basis.  Her  work  helps  companies  integrate   their  business  planning  through  a  systems   perspec-ve.  She  facilitates  processes  to   Sylvia  Gaffney,  Ph.D. improve  team  building  and  blending,   leadership  development,  intergenera-onal   OPTIMIZE  Central challenges,  cultural  change  issues,   sylvia@gaffney.com resilience,  strategic  reten-on,  and  strategic   staffing.    Sylvia  owns  and  operates  Gaffney   www.gaffney.com Corporate  Strategies  and  Op;mize  Central. Tuesday, April 19, 2011