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Understanding Intercultural
Communication Second Edition
Chapter 3
What are the Essential Cultural Value
Patterns?
Stella Ting-Toomey & Leeva C. Chung
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
PowerPoint Slides Designed by Alex Flecky and Noorie Baig
MENU
I. Functions of Cultural Values
II. Analyzing Cultural Value
Dimensions
III. Additional Value Orientations
IV. Individual Socialization Development
V. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables
I. Functions of Cultural
Values
A. Analyzing Cultural Values
B. Identity Meaning Function
C. Explanatory Function
D. Motivational Function
E. Ingroup–Outgroup Evaluative
Function
II. Analyzing Cultural Value
Dimensions
IDENTITY: Individualism Collectivism
Power
distance:
Small Large
Uncertainty
avoidance:
Weak Strong
Sex roles: Feminine Masculine
II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions:
Individualism–Collectivism Value
Pattern
Individualistic
Cultures
“I” Identity
Nuclear family
Privacy regulation
Individual competition
Personal competence
Direct comm. patterns
Independent self
Collectivistic Cultures
“We” Identity
Extended family
Relational harmony
Teamwork
Ingroup emphasis
Indirect comm.
patterns
Interdependent self
II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions:
Individualism vs. Collectivism
Individualistic Cultures
“I” Identity
Nuclear family
Privacy regulation
Individual competition
Personal competence
Direct communication
patterns
Independent self
Collectivistic Cultures
“We” Identity
Extended family
Relational harmony
Teamwork
Ingroup emphasis
Indirect communication
patterns
Interdependent self
II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions:
Small–Large Power Distance Value
Pattern
Small Power Distance
Emphasize interpersonal
equality
Children may contradict
parents
Younger people are smart
Teachers ask for feedback
Subordinates expect
consultation
Informal comm. patterns
Horizontal self
Large Power Distance
Emphasize status based
difference
Children should obey
parents
Older people are wise
Teachers lecture
Subordinates expect
guidance
Formal comm. patterns
Vertical self
II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions:
Weak-Strong Uncertainty Avoidance Value
Pattern
Weak Uncertainty
Avoidance
Uncertainty is valued
Family is dynamic and
changing
High mobility in relationships
Challenges are welcome
Encourage risk-taking
Conflict can be positive
High tolerance for ambiguity
Strong Uncertainty
Avoidance
Uncertainty is a threat
Reinforce family rules
Low mobility in
relationships
Routines are welcome
Encourage clear
procedure
Conflict is negative
II. Analyzing Cultural Value
Dimensions: Feminine vs. Masculine
Feminine Cultures
Flexible sex roles
Emphasize nurturance
Both genders take initiative
Social adjustment is critical
Work in order to live
Fluid gender communication
Overlapped gender roles
Masculine Cultures
Complementary sex roles
Emphasize achievement
Males take initiative
Academic performance is
critical
Live in order to work
“Masculine” toughness vs.
“feminine” softness
Clear masculine/feminine
gender roles
II. Analyzing Cultural Value
Dimensions:
Self-Assessment Discussion
Four-Dimensional Values Inventory (DVI)
 What Factors Shape Your Values’ Development?
 Increase Your Self-Awareness of Value
Dimensions on Multiple Levels: Cultural/Ethnic,
Workplace, Family, and Personal Self.
 Dyadic Discussion: Increase Your Awareness of
Differences and Similarities between SELF and
OTHER. . .
III. Additional Value Orientation
Patterns
Orientation Range
Meaning Doing
(action-
oriented)
Being-in-
becoming
(inner
development)
Being
(expressive/
emotional)
Destiny Controlling
nature
(mastering)
Harmony with
nature
(flow)
Subjugation to
nature
(yielding)
Time Future-oriented
(schedule-
bound)
Present-
oriented
(here-and-
now)
Past-oriented
(tradition-bound)
Three Value Orientation Patterns, adapted from Strodbeck (1961 and Kohls (1996)
IV. Individual Socialization
Development
Independent versus Interdependent
Self-Construal
Horizontal versus Vertical Self-
Construal
Internal versus External Locus of
Control
V. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-
Ables
Observe verbal and nonverbal
signals attentively.
Describe specific behaviors with
a minimum of distortion.
Generate multiple interpretations
of the unfamiliar behaviors.
Suspend ethnocentric evaluation,
perform open-ended evaluation.
O =
D =
I =
S =
Flexible intercultural communicators
practice the O-D-I-S Method:
Values Exploration Exercise
“PARABLE” Application Exercise
 Individual Decision Ranking
 Group Discussion
 Group Decision Consensus Ranking
 In-Class Writing Assignment
Parting Thoughts…
Only if we understand can we care.
Only if we care will we help.
Only if we help shall they be saved. ~ Jane

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IBS354 PP Chapter 3 Module 3 & 4

  • 1. Understanding Intercultural Communication Second Edition Chapter 3 What are the Essential Cultural Value Patterns? Stella Ting-Toomey & Leeva C. Chung OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS PowerPoint Slides Designed by Alex Flecky and Noorie Baig
  • 2. MENU I. Functions of Cultural Values II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions III. Additional Value Orientations IV. Individual Socialization Development V. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables
  • 3. I. Functions of Cultural Values A. Analyzing Cultural Values B. Identity Meaning Function C. Explanatory Function D. Motivational Function E. Ingroup–Outgroup Evaluative Function
  • 4. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions IDENTITY: Individualism Collectivism Power distance: Small Large Uncertainty avoidance: Weak Strong Sex roles: Feminine Masculine
  • 5. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Individualism–Collectivism Value Pattern Individualistic Cultures “I” Identity Nuclear family Privacy regulation Individual competition Personal competence Direct comm. patterns Independent self Collectivistic Cultures “We” Identity Extended family Relational harmony Teamwork Ingroup emphasis Indirect comm. patterns Interdependent self
  • 6. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Individualism vs. Collectivism Individualistic Cultures “I” Identity Nuclear family Privacy regulation Individual competition Personal competence Direct communication patterns Independent self Collectivistic Cultures “We” Identity Extended family Relational harmony Teamwork Ingroup emphasis Indirect communication patterns Interdependent self
  • 7. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Small–Large Power Distance Value Pattern Small Power Distance Emphasize interpersonal equality Children may contradict parents Younger people are smart Teachers ask for feedback Subordinates expect consultation Informal comm. patterns Horizontal self Large Power Distance Emphasize status based difference Children should obey parents Older people are wise Teachers lecture Subordinates expect guidance Formal comm. patterns Vertical self
  • 8. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Weak-Strong Uncertainty Avoidance Value Pattern Weak Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty is valued Family is dynamic and changing High mobility in relationships Challenges are welcome Encourage risk-taking Conflict can be positive High tolerance for ambiguity Strong Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty is a threat Reinforce family rules Low mobility in relationships Routines are welcome Encourage clear procedure Conflict is negative
  • 9. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Feminine vs. Masculine Feminine Cultures Flexible sex roles Emphasize nurturance Both genders take initiative Social adjustment is critical Work in order to live Fluid gender communication Overlapped gender roles Masculine Cultures Complementary sex roles Emphasize achievement Males take initiative Academic performance is critical Live in order to work “Masculine” toughness vs. “feminine” softness Clear masculine/feminine gender roles
  • 10. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Self-Assessment Discussion Four-Dimensional Values Inventory (DVI)  What Factors Shape Your Values’ Development?  Increase Your Self-Awareness of Value Dimensions on Multiple Levels: Cultural/Ethnic, Workplace, Family, and Personal Self.  Dyadic Discussion: Increase Your Awareness of Differences and Similarities between SELF and OTHER. . .
  • 11. III. Additional Value Orientation Patterns Orientation Range Meaning Doing (action- oriented) Being-in- becoming (inner development) Being (expressive/ emotional) Destiny Controlling nature (mastering) Harmony with nature (flow) Subjugation to nature (yielding) Time Future-oriented (schedule- bound) Present- oriented (here-and- now) Past-oriented (tradition-bound) Three Value Orientation Patterns, adapted from Strodbeck (1961 and Kohls (1996)
  • 12. IV. Individual Socialization Development Independent versus Interdependent Self-Construal Horizontal versus Vertical Self- Construal Internal versus External Locus of Control
  • 13. V. Intercultural Reality Check: Do- Ables Observe verbal and nonverbal signals attentively. Describe specific behaviors with a minimum of distortion. Generate multiple interpretations of the unfamiliar behaviors. Suspend ethnocentric evaluation, perform open-ended evaluation. O = D = I = S = Flexible intercultural communicators practice the O-D-I-S Method:
  • 14. Values Exploration Exercise “PARABLE” Application Exercise  Individual Decision Ranking  Group Discussion  Group Decision Consensus Ranking  In-Class Writing Assignment
  • 15. Parting Thoughts… Only if we understand can we care. Only if we care will we help. Only if we help shall they be saved. ~ Jane

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. NOTES TO INSTRUCTOR:In these slides, we have included many of the chapter’s main concepts and we’ve also included some of our favorite exercises and quotations that we use while teaching our course.~ Please edit and adapt these slides to fit your teaching style and your goals for each session.~ Animations are provided so that you may progressively “click” through main points.~ Live links have been attempted, but if the “Click Here” link on the slide does not work, the actual URL is typed into the notes pages and may be used to create a live link.~ If this “Instructor Version” is posted, all notes in the “notes pages” will be visible. Therefore, be careful to post the “Student Slides” - which do not include instructor notes or animations - for student viewing.
  2. Link to the video “Best Buy -Different Cultures, Same Values” on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v62OykZJurQ~ This video is a commercial video for Best Buy. It shows the cultural values that Best Buy has as a company. It demonstrates how it takes those values and uses them throughout all the different countries’ cultures it operates in. ~ You may use the video to discuss the concepts of chapter 3, such as the functions of cultural values and essential cultural value patterns.
  3. Refer to Instructors Manual, page 124. Allow students to take the survey of their values using DVI activity sheet. After this, they discuss the influence of these values on their communication in dyads.
  4. Refer to Instructors Manual page 117 for Interactive Learning Exercises 3.1 Parable Exercise.