12. Socialist Party – Anti-communist, non-racist, classless, feminist, socialist society.
13.
14. Federalist Party – Alexander Hamilton = worked for a stronger National Government.
15. Anti-federalist – Thomas Jefferson = Limited role for National Government. Later they became the Jeffersonian Republicans or Democratic-Republicans.
16. After Washington, John Adams (Federalist) defeated Jefferson. Jefferson defeated incumbent in next election (incumbent is the current officeholder.)
24. Example: the Greenback Party – tried to take advantage of agrarian discontent from 1876 through 1884.
25. Example: the Populist Party – demanded public ownership of railroads, telephone and telegraph companies, lower tariffs, and the adoption of the initiative and referendum.
26.
27. Example: From the Republicans - Theodore Roosevelt's “Bull-Moose Party” Progressive Party of 1912, Robert La Follette's Progressive Party of 1924.
28. Example: From the Democrats – Henry Wallace's Progressive Party and the States' Rights (Dixiecrat) Party of 1948 and George Wallace's American Independent Party of 1968.