1. The French Revolution "Radical" Phase: 1793-1794

4. Attitudes & actions of monarchy & court Fear of Counter-Revolution Religious divisions Political divisions War Economic Crises The Causes of Instability in France 1792 - 1795

6. The Political Spectrum Jacobins Montagnards (“The Mountain”) Girondists Monarchíen (Royalists) 1790s: The Plain (swing votes) TODAY:

9. On August 10 th a large Parisian crowd invaded the Tuileries and forced the king and family to take refuge in the Legislative Assembly The crowd fought the Swiss Guard many killed before King called off the troops.

10. The Storming of the Tuileries: August 9-10, 1792 Triggered in part by the publication in Paris of the August 3 Brunswick Manifesto, which confirmed popular suspicions concerning the king’s treason. King imprisoned… not allowed to perform duties. Constitutional monarchy has no Monarch!

12. The Sans-Culottes Depicted as Savages by a British Cartoonist.

14. September 20, 1792 Battle of Valmy French army stop the Prussian advance! Victory!!

17. The “Purifying” Pot of the Jacobin

20. The Death of “Citizen” Louis Capet Matter for reflection for the crowned jugglers. So impure blood doesn’t soil our land!

21. February 1793 War ! The nation was at war with Austria Prussia Great Britain Spain Sardinia Holland

25. Maximillian Robespierre (1758 – 1794)

26. Georges Jacques Danton (1759 – 1794)

27. Jean-Paul Marat (1744 – 1793)

28. “ The Death of Marat” by Jacques Louis David, 1793

29. The Assassination of Marat by Charlotte Corday, 1793

30. The Assassination of Marat by Charlotte Corday Paul Jacques Aimee Baudry, 19 c [A Romantic View]

32. The Levee en Masse: An Entire Nation at Arms! – 500,000 Soldiers An army based on merit, not birth!

34. Marie Antoinette as a Serpent The “Widow Capet”

35. Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Guillotine

36. Marie Antoinette Died in October, 1793

38. The Guillotine: An “Enlightenment Tool” ? Oh, thou charming guillotine, You shorten kings and queens; By your influence divine, We have re-conquered our rights. Come to aid of the Country And let your superb instrument Become forever permanent To destroy the impious sect. Sharpen your razor for Pitt and his agents Fill your divine sack with heads of tyrants.

39. Different Social Classes Executed 28% 31% 25% 8% 7%

40. The “Monster” Guillotine The last guillotine execution in France was in 1939 !

41. War of Resistance to the Revolution: The Vendee Revolt, 1793

42. Vendee Revolt, 1793 Drowning the Traitors! Vendee Symbol: For God & the King!

44. Political Propaganda

45. The Contrast: “French Liberty / British Slavery”

48. A Republican Calendar

49. The New Republican Calendar Time Period Meaning New Name August 18 – September 21 Fruit Fructidor July 19 – August 17 Heat Thermidor June 19 – July 18 Harvest Messidor May 20 – June 18 Meadow Prairial April 20 – May 19 Flowers Floreal March 21 – April 19 Budding Germinal February 19 – March 20 Wind Ventose January 20 – February 18 Rain Pluviose December 21 – January 19 Snow Nivose November 21 – December 20 Frost Frimaire October 22 – November 20 Fog Brumaire September 22 – October 21 Vintage Vendemaire

50. A New Republican Calendar Year The Gregorian System returned in 1806. 1805 XIV 1804 – 1805 XIII 1803 – 1804 XII 1802 – 1803 XI 1801 – 1802 X 1800 – 1801 IX 1799 – 1800 VIII 1798 – 1799 VII 1797 – 1798 VI 1796 – 1797 V 1795 – 1796 IV 1794 – 1795 III 1793 – 1794 II 1792 – 1793 I

52. The “Temple of Reason” Come, holy Liberty, inhabit this temple, Become the goddess of the French people.

53. The Festival of Supreme Being A new secular holiday

55. The Radical’s Arms: No God! No Religion! No King! No Constitution!

59. The Arrest of Robespierre

60. The Revolution Consumes Its Own Children! Danton Awaits Execution, 1793 Robespierre Lies Wounded Before the Revolutionary Tribunal that will order him to be guillotined, 1794.

63. Read More About the Revolution