1. The U.S. declares WAR!!The U.S. declares WAR!!
Chapter 19, Section 2-4Chapter 19, Section 2-4
The sinking of the LusitaniaThe sinking of the Lusitania
Zimmerman Note &Zimmerman Note &
Wilson’s call for WarWilson’s call for War

2. • By 1916 the US still not joined warBy 1916 the US still not joined war
• Funding loans to Allies insteadFunding loans to Allies instead
• Stalemate in land and seaStalemate in land and sea
–Battle trenches West & East frontsBattle trenches West & East fronts
–Stalemate at sea—Battle of JutlandStalemate at sea—Battle of Jutland
• Germany decides to use U-BoatsGermany decides to use U-Boats
–Previously docked to avoid damagePreviously docked to avoid damage

3. U-boats…U-boats…
• Germany creates U-Boats (subs),Germany creates U-Boats (subs),
no useno use
• Runs battle fleet insteadRuns battle fleet instead
–STALEMATE!STALEMATE!
–Evenly matched w/ BritsEvenly matched w/ Brits
• Uses U-boats, changes warUses U-boats, changes war
–Undetectable for monthsUndetectable for months
–Advantage for GermansAdvantage for Germans

4. • At firstAt first
–Germans let ships surrenderGermans let ships surrender
–Searched ships instead ofSearched ships instead of
shooting shipsshooting ships
–Purpose was to block munitionsPurpose was to block munitions
shipmentsshipments
• Eventually…Eventually…
–Germans realize powerGermans realize power
–Torpedo ships w/o warningTorpedo ships w/o warning

5. • Germans are criticizedGermans are criticized
– US threatens sanctions/will cut tiesUS threatens sanctions/will cut ties
• Germans declare no passenger shipsGermans declare no passenger ships
attacked, will warn first before attackattacked, will warn first before attack
– Agree toAgree to SUSSEX PLEDGE, Mar.1916SUSSEX PLEDGE, Mar.1916
• Eventually takes this back, Jan. 1917Eventually takes this back, Jan. 1917
– Unrestricted Sub. WarfareUnrestricted Sub. Warfare
– Sinks LusitaniaSinks Lusitania
• Wilson asks Congress to armWilson asks Congress to arm
American merchant shipsAmerican merchant ships

6. • Germany issues Zimmerman noteGermany issues Zimmerman note
–Angers U.S.Angers U.S.
• Meanwhile…Meanwhile…
–Russia begins revolutionRussia begins revolution
–Czar Romanov overthrownCzar Romanov overthrown
–Russia pulls out of war, signsRussia pulls out of war, signs
treaty w/ Germanytreaty w/ Germany
• Germany tries to quickly doGermany tries to quickly do
damage before US enters wardamage before US enters war

7. War!War!
• In 3 days, Germany sinks 3 USIn 3 days, Germany sinks 3 US
shipsships
• Wilson asks Congress for warWilson asks Congress for war
–Overwhelming responseOverwhelming response
–Standing ovationStanding ovation
–Passes in both housesPasses in both houses

8. Americans in warAmericans in war
• We had no troops!We had no troops!
– 100,000 Army100,000 Army
– 15,000 Marines15,000 Marines
– 16 other countries in war had bigger16 other countries in war had bigger
armiesarmies
• Congress passes Selective ServiceCongress passes Selective Service
ActAct
–24 million men register for draft24 million men register for draft
–Training too quick, France and inTraining too quick, France and in

9. At home…At home…
• Government pays for war byGovernment pays for war by
–Liberty bondsLiberty bonds
–Agencies:Agencies:
–War Industries BoardWar Industries Board
–War Labor BoardWar Labor Board
–Regulating food, rationingRegulating food, rationing
–Price controlsPrice controls
–Daylight Savings TimeDaylight Savings Time

10. • Unending LoyaltyUnending Loyalty
–Propaganda to enforce AmericansPropaganda to enforce Americans
are loyalare loyal
–““The soldier gives—you must lend”The soldier gives—you must lend”
–““Buy bonds till it hurts”Buy bonds till it hurts”
• Vigilantes break out-Vigilantes break out-
–Physically “deal” with dissentersPhysically “deal” with dissenters

11. • National Security LeagueNational Security League
– ““100% Americanism”, inc.100% Americanism”, inc.
nationalism/nativismnationalism/nativism
– Literacy tests for immigrantsLiteracy tests for immigrants
– ““hate the Hun” –Germanyhate the Hun” –Germany
– Espionage Act 1917- illegal to interfereEspionage Act 1917- illegal to interfere
w/ draftw/ draft
– Sedition Act 1918-amends theSedition Act 1918-amends the
Espionage actEspionage act
•Can’t interrupt sale of Liberty bonds orCan’t interrupt sale of Liberty bonds or
say bad things about the gov’tsay bad things about the gov’t